JPH0364289B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0364289B2 JPH0364289B2 JP58062411A JP6241183A JPH0364289B2 JP H0364289 B2 JPH0364289 B2 JP H0364289B2 JP 58062411 A JP58062411 A JP 58062411A JP 6241183 A JP6241183 A JP 6241183A JP H0364289 B2 JPH0364289 B2 JP H0364289B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- design plane
- design
- plane
- thickness
- protrusion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/0025—Preventing defects on the moulded article, e.g. weld lines, shrinkage marks
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
本発明は、意匠平面の裏側に補強等の目的で突
起を設けても、合成樹脂成形品の外観をそこなわ
ないところの合成樹脂成形品の突起構造に関する
ものである。Detailed Description of the Invention (Industrial Field of Application) The present invention is directed to a synthetic resin molded product that does not damage the appearance of the synthetic resin molded product even if projections are provided on the back side of the design plane for purposes such as reinforcement. This relates to the protrusion structure of.
（従来の技術）
外装用の合成樹脂成形品で美しい平面が求めら
れる場合がある（以下美しさの求められる平面を
意匠平面と称す）。(Prior Art) In some cases, a beautiful flat surface is required for a synthetic resin molded product for exterior use (hereinafter, a flat surface required to be beautiful is referred to as a design flat surface).
この場合第１図に示すように意匠平面２の意匠
平面Ｘの裏側にリブ１のような突起を設けた場
合、第２図に示すような意匠表面Ｘの突起に対応
する部分に３のようなヒケが発生し、美観を損な
う欠点がある。 In this case, if a projection such as a rib 1 is provided on the back side of the design plane X of the design plane 2 as shown in FIG. It has the disadvantage of causing sink marks and detracting from its aesthetic appearance.
本発明はかかるヒケが発生しないような成形品
の意匠平面の裏側に設けられる突起構造である。
意匠平面２の裏側に突起を設けた場合、意匠平面
が冷却の際ヒケるため外観を損なうことは成形品
のデザイン上大きな問題である。このような場
合、従来とられていた対策は先ず平面に丸味をも
たせ、円筒面又は球面又はその他の二次曲面とす
ることであつた。 The present invention is a protrusion structure provided on the back side of the design plane of a molded product so that such sink marks do not occur.
When protrusions are provided on the back side of the design plane 2, the design plane sinks during cooling, which impairs the appearance, which is a major problem in the design of the molded product. In such cases, the conventional solution has been to first round the plane and make it a cylindrical, spherical, or other quadratic surface.
（発明が解決しようとする課題）
以上の場合第１，２図において突起の厚みをｄ
とし、意匠平面の厚みをｔとした時、意匠表面Ｘ
に対してｔ＞ｄかつ200（ｔ−ｄ）／ｔ以下の半径で少
なくとも一方向に丸味をつければほとんどの種類
の樹脂材でヒケは目立たなくなる。(Problem to be solved by the invention) In the above case, the thickness of the protrusion is d in Figures 1 and 2.
When the thickness of the design plane is t, the design surface X
If the radius is rounded in at least one direction with t > d and a radius of 200 (t-d)/t or less, sink marks will become less noticeable with most types of resin materials.
すなわち、横軸にｔ−ｄ／ｔをとり、縦軸にＲ（半
径）をとつて種々実験を重ねた結果をプロツトし
たところ第１４図の結果を得た。この結果からみ
てもわかるように半径Ｒが
200（ｔ−ｄ）／ｔライン以上の場合ヒケが大きく、
200（ｔ−ｄ）／ｔライン以下の場合ヒケが目立たない
ことがわかる。 That is, when the results of various experiments were plotted with t-d/t plotted on the horizontal axis and R (radius) plotted on the vertical axis, the results shown in FIG. 14 were obtained. As can be seen from this result, when the radius R is 200(t-d)/t line or more, the sink mark is large, and when the radius R is below 200(t-d)/t line, the sink mark is not noticeable.
一般に意匠平面の厚みｔが厚い程ヒケは目立た
ない。又、突起の厚みｄが小さい程ヒケは目立た
ないし丸味の半径Ｒが小さい程ヒケは目立たな
い。以上の点は相互に干渉し合うが相互のリミツ
トをたぐつて行くと上式に到達する。 Generally, the thicker the thickness t of the design plane, the less noticeable the sink mark will be. Further, the smaller the thickness d of the protrusion, the less noticeable the sink mark is, and the smaller the radius R of the roundness, the less noticeable the sink mark is. The above points interfere with each other, but by following each other's limits, we arrive at the above equation.
又、突起を意匠平面の端部に沿つて第３図に示
すように設けることによりヒケの発生を防ぐこと
ができるし、意匠平面の屈曲部、溝、段差部のあ
る位置の裏側に平行に沿わせて突起を設けること
によつてもヒケの発生を防ぐことができる。 In addition, by providing protrusions along the edges of the design plane as shown in Figure 3, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of sink marks. The generation of sink marks can also be prevented by providing protrusions along the surface.
更に突起の厚みｄを意匠平面の肉厚ｔより充分
小さくすればヒケは目立たなくなる。この限界は
成形材料の種類によつて異なるが意匠平面の肉厚
ｔの1/3以下であれば（ｄ≦ｔ／３）ヒケは目立
たなくなる。 Furthermore, if the thickness d of the protrusion is made sufficiently smaller than the wall thickness t of the design plane, sink marks will not be noticeable. This limit varies depending on the type of molding material, but if it is 1/3 or less of the thickness t of the design plane (d≦t/3), the sink mark will not be noticeable.
又、極く手軽な対策として意匠表面Ｘをブラス
ト、エツチング、ローレツト、ヘアラインなどと
称されてするような細かい凹凸を設け、ヒケを目
立たなくすることも良く行われている。 Furthermore, as an extremely simple countermeasure, it is often done to make the sink mark less noticeable by providing fine irregularities called blasting, etching, knurling, hairline, etc. on the design surface X.
しかしいずれの方法をとるにせよ、デザイン的
に或いは機能的に成形品の形状を制約することは
避けえない。 However, whichever method is used, it is inevitable that the shape of the molded product will be restricted in terms of design or functionality.
本発明はかかる制約は取除くために発明された
ものであり、意匠表面Ｘの曲率Ｒが、
200（ｔ−ｄ）／ｔより大きくとも又は突起の厚みｄが
意匠平面の厚さｔの1/3以上であつてもヒケのな
いなめらかな美しい意匠表面が得られるようにし
た意匠平面の裏側に設けられる突起構造を得るこ
とを目的とするものである。 The present invention was invented to remove such restrictions, and the curvature R of the design surface X is
The back side of the design plane that allows a smooth and beautiful design surface without sink marks even if it is larger than 200(t-d)/t or even if the thickness d of the protrusion is 1/3 or more of the thickness t of the design plane. The purpose of this invention is to obtain a protrusion structure provided in the.
（課題を解決するための手段）
以上のような目的を達成するため、本発明は次
のような突起構造を提供するものである。(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention provides the following protrusion structure.
すなわち、意匠平面２の裏側にその意匠平面２
と交叉する方向に意匠平面２と一体的に同時成形
される突起１において、該突起１と意匠平面２と
の交叉部に直接両者をつながない肉抜き孔６を設
け、該肉抜き孔６以外の意匠平面２と突起１との
連接部５が意匠平面２の辺部X1、段差部８、溝
部９又は屈曲部７に設けられ、かつ意匠平面２と
平行な方向の前記連接部の厚みＷの幅端が意匠平
面端部４，１１，１２，１３，１４，１５，１
６，１０から意匠平面２の肉厚ｔの1.5倍以内に
あるように形成された合成樹脂成形品におけるそ
の意匠平面の裏側に設けられる突起構造である。 In other words, the design plane 2 is on the back side of the design plane 2.
In the projection 1 that is integrally molded with the design plane 2 in the direction intersecting with the design plane 2, a lightening hole 6 is provided at the intersection of the projection 1 and the design plane 2, which does not directly connect the two, and other than the lightening hole 6 is provided. The connecting portion 5 between the design plane 2 and the protrusion 1 is provided at the side X 1 , the stepped portion 8, the groove 9, or the bent portion 7 of the design plane 2, and the thickness of the connecting portion in the direction parallel to the design plane 2. The width end of W is the design plane end 4, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 1
This is a protrusion structure provided on the back side of the design plane of a synthetic resin molded product formed to be within 1.5 times the wall thickness t of the design plane 2 from 6 and 10.
但し本発明でいう意匠平面とは、 200（ｔ−ｄ）／ｔより大きい曲率をもつ平面である。 However, the design plane in the present invention is It is a plane with a curvature greater than 200(t-d)/t.
また、急激な変化の始まるところを意匠平面の
端部とする。更に意匠平面の厚みとは連設部付近
の厚さをいう。 Furthermore, the point where the sudden change begins is defined as the edge of the design plane. Furthermore, the thickness of the design plane refers to the thickness near the continuous portion.
（作用）
本発明によればＲ＞200（ｔ−ｄ）／ｔ又はｄ＞ｔ／
３であつても本発明のような連設部を有する突起
を設けることによりヒケのない合成樹脂成形品を
得ることができるという特徴がある。(Function) According to the present invention, even if R>200(t-d)/t or d>t/3, a synthetic resin molded product without sink marks can be achieved by providing a protrusion having a continuous portion as in the present invention. It has the characteristic of being able to obtain
（実施例） 以下図面に示す実施例について説明する。(Example) The embodiments shown in the drawings will be described below.
第４，５図は本発明の突起の構造例を示すもの
で突起１はＸ面を意匠表面とする平面２の裏側に
設けられており、連設部５で意匠平面２の両端に
接続されている。 4 and 5 show structural examples of the protrusion of the present invention. The protrusion 1 is provided on the back side of a plane 2 whose design surface is the ing.
他の部分は空〓部６すなわち肉抜き孔となつて
おり、この部分では突起１と意匠平面２とは直接
つながつていない。 The other part is a hollow part 6, that is, a hollow hole, and the protrusion 1 and the design plane 2 are not directly connected in this part.
この連設部５の巾Ｗは次のようになつている。 The width W of this continuous portion 5 is as follows.
すなわち、実質的に意匠平面の始まる端部より
平面厚さの1.5部以内の巾端が位置するようにと
どめられている。 In other words, the width end is positioned within 1.5 parts of the plane thickness from the end where the design plane begins.
したがつて第５図において意匠面側の端部４に
丸味がないときＷ＜1.5tという範囲でとどまつて
いる限り、意匠面に突起部１に起因するヒケが生
じることはない。 Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, when the end portion 4 on the design surface side is not rounded, as long as W remains within the range of W<1.5t, sink marks due to the protrusion 1 will not occur on the design surface.
肉抜き孔６の巾Ｖは特に規定していないので突
起部に必要な機能に応じて定めれば良い。発明者
等の実験では0.5mm程度の僅かな〓間でも有効で
あることが知得されている。 Since the width V of the lightening hole 6 is not particularly specified, it may be determined depending on the function required for the protrusion. In experiments conducted by the inventors, it has been found that even a small distance of about 0.5 mm is effective.
何れにしてもこの肉抜き孔を設けることによつ
て、この部分に対応する意匠平面にはヒケを生じ
ない。 In any case, by providing this lightening hole, sink marks will not occur on the design plane corresponding to this portion.
なお、連設部５の巾Ｗは意匠平面においてその
端部４に丸味のある場合は、その分だけ広くして
もヒケは発生しない。 Incidentally, if the width W of the continuous portion 5 is rounded at the end portion 4 in the design plane, sink marks will not occur even if the width W of the continuous portion 5 is increased by that amount.
すなわち、丸味が円筒面である場合連設部の巾
はＷ＜1.5t＋Ｒであれば良い。又、第８図のよう
に面取りＣがほどこされている場合はＷ＜1.5t＋
Ｃとなる。 That is, when the roundness is a cylindrical surface, the width of the continuous portion may be W<1.5t+R. Also, if chamfer C is applied as shown in Figure 8, W<1.5t+
It becomes C.
以上のような基本的な考え方は連設部の端部に
丸味又は面取りのあるときこの部分は冷却が早
く、ヒケに余り影響を与えないから丸味又は面取
り部分を増して連設部５の巾Ｗを考えてもよいと
いうことに外ならないし、又意匠平面肉厚ｔの
1.5倍の巾を考えるということはコーナー部から
1.5部以内の部分は冷却が早く、ヒケに影響を与
えないという経験則でえた見地からである。 The basic idea as described above is that when the end of the continuous part is rounded or chamfered, this part cools quickly and does not have much effect on sink marks, so the width of the continuous part 5 can be increased by increasing the rounded or chamfered part. There is nothing wrong with considering W, and also the design plane wall thickness t.
Considering 1.5 times the width means starting from the corner part.
This is based on the empirical rule that areas within 1.5 parts cool quickly and do not affect sink marks.
なお、連設部５は第４図のような意匠平面の辺
部X1の他、第９図に示すような平面の屈曲部７
に設けても良いし、第１０，１１図のような平面
の段差部８や第１２，１３図のような平面の溝部
９に設けてもよい。かかる場合でも、意匠平面の
端部から連設部付近の意匠平面の厚さの1.5部以
内の連設部の巾端が位置するようにとどめられて
いる。 In addition to the side part X 1 of the design plane as shown in FIG. 4, the continuous part 5 has a bent part 7 of the plane as shown in FIG.
It may be provided in the step part 8 of the plane as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, or the groove part 9 of the plane as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. Even in such a case, the width of the continuous part is kept within 1.5 parts of the thickness of the design plane in the vicinity of the continuous part from the edge of the design plane.
第９図乃至第１３図における意匠平面の端部と
は、第９図では屈曲部１０で第１０〜１３図は丸
味R1，R2のＲの始まる１１，１２，１３，１４，
１５，１６の部分をいう。又之等の場合では連設
部５は屈曲部７、段差部８、溝部９から両側に
1.5t以内にあればよい。 The ends of the design plane in FIGS. 9 to 13 are the bent portion 10 in FIG. 9 and the rounded portions 11, 12, 13, 14, where the R of R 1 and R 2 begin in FIGS. 10 to 13,
15 and 16 parts. In such cases, the continuous portion 5 extends from the bent portion 7, the stepped portion 8, and the groove portion 9 on both sides.
It should be within 1.5t.
これは屈曲部、段差部、溝部の冷却促進効果が
該部の両側に及ぶためであると思われるからであ
る。 This is thought to be because the cooling promotion effect of the bent portions, stepped portions, and groove portions extends to both sides of the portions.
屈曲部７や段差部８、溝部９に丸味のある場合
は丸味の分だけ両側に広げて連設部５を設けても
よいことは辺部の場合と同様である。以上のうち
屈曲部の屈曲角度の限度は150°以内とする。 If the bent portion 7, stepped portion 8, or groove portion 9 has a rounded shape, the continuous portion 5 may be provided by extending the rounded portion to both sides as in the case of the side portion. Among the above, the bending angle of the bent portion shall be within 150°.
この150°とするのは、次のような理由からであ
る。 The reason for setting the angle to 150° is as follows.
すなわち冷却を考えると150°を超えた屈曲面で
は、連設部の表面にヒケが目立つようになり、
150°より鈍角になると冷却促進効果が小さくなる
ものと解されるからである。 In other words, when considering cooling, on curved surfaces exceeding 150°, sink marks become noticeable on the surface of the connected parts.
This is because it is understood that when the angle is more obtuse than 150°, the cooling promotion effect becomes smaller.
連設部５の数は通常１つの突起１について両端
部に第５図の如く各１個設けるが性能的な要請か
ら途中に屈曲部や段差部を利用して２個以上設け
てもよい。更に性能的な要請から連設部５の長さ
Ｄを突起１の巾ｄより大巾に拡巾して第６図に示
す如く補強してもよい。 Normally, one continuous part 5 is provided at each end of one projection 1 as shown in FIG. 5, but from the viewpoint of performance, two or more continuous parts 5 may be provided by using a bent part or a step part in the middle. Further, due to performance requirements, the length D of the connecting portion 5 may be made wider than the width d of the protrusion 1 to reinforce it as shown in FIG.
これは端部に沿つて拡巾する限り、ヒケの発生
がみられないからである。 This is because no sink marks occur as long as the width is expanded along the edges.
以上のいくつかの実施例を用いて説明したよう
に本発明は意匠平面の辺部又は屈曲部、溝部、段
差部の丸味のなくなる部分から平面側に平面の厚
みｔの1.5倍の範囲で平面２の裏側に連設部５を
２個以上有し、他の部分は接触していない肉抜き
孔となつている意匠平面裏側の突起構造である。
そして前述した如く、意匠平面の厚みｔはすべて
連設部付近の厚さである。 As explained using the several embodiments described above, the present invention provides a flat surface in a range of 1.5 times the thickness t of the flat surface from the edges of the design plane or from the portion where the roundness of the bent portion, groove, or step portion disappears to the flat side. It has a protrusion structure on the back side of the design plane, which has two or more continuous parts 5 on the back side of the design plane, and the other parts are hollow holes that are not in contact with each other.
As described above, the thickness t of the design plane is the thickness near the continuous portion.
（発明の効果）
本発明の実施例により意匠表面Ｘの裏側に突起
１がある場合、意匠表面Ｘにヒケが生じることが
なく、したがつて美しい外観の合成樹脂成形品を
デザイン、機能上の制約なしに得ることができ
る。(Effect of the invention) When the protrusion 1 is provided on the back side of the design surface X according to the embodiment of the present invention, sink marks do not occur on the design surface can be obtained without restrictions.
又、従来の突起形状でヒケを防ごうとすると、
金型の修正を何度か繰返したり生産性を無視して
著しく高圧や徐冷の成形条件を採用する必要があ
り、生産技術的にも大変な困難が伴つたが、本発
明の突起構造では通常の成形条件で美しい外観の
成形品を得ることができるという特徴がある。 Also, if you try to prevent sink marks with the conventional protrusion shape,
It was necessary to repeatedly modify the mold several times and to adopt extremely high pressure and slow cooling molding conditions without considering productivity, which caused great difficulties in terms of production technology, but with the protrusion structure of the present invention, It is characterized by the ability to obtain molded products with beautiful appearance under normal molding conditions.
第１図は意匠平面の裏側に突起を設けた合成樹
脂成形品の斜面図、第２図は同上のヒケを生ずる
場合の状態を示す切断面図、第３図は意匠平面の
平面端部の方向の突起を設けた状態を示す斜面
図、第４図は本発明にかかる成形品の斜面図、第
５図は同上切断面図、第６図は本発明の他の実施
形態を示す斜面図、第７，８図は辺部に設けた連
設部の断面図、第９図は屈曲部に連設部を設けた
成形品の斜面図、第１０，１１図は段差部に連設
部を設けた成形品の断面図、第１２，１３図は溝
部の連設部を設けた成形品の断面図、第１４図は
意匠表面の曲率Ｒと意匠平面の厚みｔ及び突起の
厚みｄとの関係を示す図表である。
１……突起、２……意匠平面、３……ヒケ、４
……端部、５……連設部、６……肉抜き孔、１０
〜１６……端部、Ｒ……丸味の半径、ｔ……意匠
平面の肉厚、ｄ……突起の肉厚、Ｗ……連設部の
巾。
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a synthetic resin molded product with protrusions on the back side of the design plane, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the situation where sink marks occur as above, and Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the flat end of the design plane. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a molded product according to the present invention, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the same, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the present invention. , Figures 7 and 8 are cross-sectional views of the continuous parts provided on the side parts, Figure 9 is a perspective view of a molded product with the continuous parts provided on the bent parts, and Figures 10 and 11 are the continuous parts provided on the stepped parts. 12 and 13 are cross-sectional views of a molded product provided with a continuous groove portion, and FIG. 14 shows the relationship between the curvature R of the design surface, the thickness t of the design plane, and the thickness d of the protrusion. This is a chart showing the relationship between 1...Protrusion, 2...Design plane, 3...Sink mark, 4
... End part, 5 ... Continuous part, 6 ... Lightening hole, 10
~16... End, R... Radius of roundness, t... Thickness of design plane, d... Thickness of protrusion, W... Width of continuous portion.
Claims (1)
る方向に意匠平面２と一体的に同時成形される突
起１において、該突起１と意匠平面２との交叉部
に直接両者をつながない肉抜き孔６を設け、該肉
抜き孔６以外の意匠平面２と突起１との連接部５
が意匠平面２の辺部X1、段差部８、溝部９又は
屈曲部７に設けられ、かつ意匠平面２と平行な方
向の前記連接部の厚みＷの幅端が意匠平面端部
４，１１，１２，１３，１４，１５，１６，１０
から意匠平面２の肉厚ｔの1.5倍以内にあるよう
に形成された合成樹脂成形品におけるその意匠平
面の裏側に設けられる突起構造。1. In a projection 1 that is integrally molded with the design plane 2 on the back side of the design plane 2 in a direction that intersects with the design plane 2, there is a hollowing out that does not directly connect the two at the intersection of the projection 1 and the design plane 2. A hole 6 is provided, and a connecting portion 5 between the design plane 2 other than the lightening hole 6 and the protrusion 1 is formed.
is provided on the side part X 1 , the stepped part 8 , the groove part 9 or the bent part 7 of the design plane 2 , and the width end of the thickness W of the connecting part in the direction parallel to the design plane 2 is the design plane end part 4 , 11 ,12,13,14,15,16,10
A protrusion structure provided on the back side of the design plane of a synthetic resin molded product formed so that the thickness is within 1.5 times the wall thickness t of the design plane 2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6241183A JPS59187813A (en) | 1983-04-08 | 1983-04-08 | Projective structure provided on the back of design surface of synthetic resin molded piece |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6241183A JPS59187813A (en) | 1983-04-08 | 1983-04-08 | Projective structure provided on the back of design surface of synthetic resin molded piece |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59187813A JPS59187813A (en) | 1984-10-25 |
| JPH0364289B2 true JPH0364289B2 (en) | 1991-10-04 |
Family
ID=13199374
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6241183A Granted JPS59187813A (en) | 1983-04-08 | 1983-04-08 | Projective structure provided on the back of design surface of synthetic resin molded piece |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59187813A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE1250876A1 (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2014-01-19 | Scania Cv Ab | Panel Wholesale |
| JP2014167569A (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-09-11 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Plastic optical element, optical scanner, and image forming apparatus |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS478472U (en) * | 1971-02-20 | 1972-10-02 |
-
1983
- 1983-04-08 JP JP6241183A patent/JPS59187813A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS59187813A (en) | 1984-10-25 |
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