JPH0365726B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus, and particularly to a three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus that utilizes the growth characteristics of plants.

[Background Art] In recent years, three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation devices that can grow a large amount of plants in a small space have been attracting attention.

Conventionally, this three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus has been constructed as shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, a three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation device b is installed in a building a that is formed to allow sunlight to enter an indoor space such as a vinyl greenhouse. This three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation device b is formed of fixed three-dimensional cultivation shelves c formed in multiple stages,
On each shelf is placed a nutrient solution layer f that accommodates therein a pallet e for planting and cultivating the plants d after germination for hydroponic cultivation. A solar cultivation shelf g is located at the top of this fixed three-dimensional cultivation shelf c, and is designed to receive sufficient sunlight, and below this solar cultivation shelf g is an artificial light cultivation shelf h. The plants were grown using artificial lights such as fluorescent lights.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] By the way, the conventional three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus b as described above has the following problems.

Sunlight mainly irradiates only the solar cultivation shelf g located at the top of the fixed three-dimensional cultivation shelf c, and therefore the artificial light cultivation shelf h located below the solar cultivation shelf g has no fluorescent light. Although artificial light such as lamp i is supplemented, the amount of light is insufficient and cultivation of plants that are sensitive to strong light can only be done on the solar cultivation shelf g, and the artificial light located below Since plants that are sensitive to low light are grown on the cultivation shelf h, there is a problem in that there are restrictions on the varieties of plants d that can be grown.

In addition, in the case of a conventional three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation device b that does not have any means of relocation, there is a task of moving the plant d on the artificial light cultivation shelf h to the solar cultivation shelf h in order to irradiate the plant d with sunlight. The problem was that it was also difficult.

Furthermore, since the fixed three-dimensional cultivation shelves c are formed in multiple stages, there is a problem in that it is difficult to plant and harvest plants.

In view of the above-mentioned problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation device that can grow plants with strong light on all stages of fixed three-dimensional cultivation racks, and can easily plant and harvest them. That is.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present invention includes a pallet that is formed to be transportable and for planting and cultivating plants after germination, and a pallet on which the pallet is placed. There is an artificial light cultivation shelf formed in multiple stages to cultivate planted plants and irradiated with artificial light to cultivate planted plants. a solar cultivation shelf; a transfer means for transferring the pallet from the artificial light cultivation shelf to the solar cultivation shelf; and a transfer means for transferring the pallet from the artificial light cultivation shelf to the solar cultivation shelf; and an engaging means that is connected and disconnected along the .

[Function] Constructed as described above, the pallet is provided with an engaging means, and the engaging means connects and separates the pallet to each of the shelves along its longitudinal direction by the relocating means, and the pallet is separated from the shelf after germination. It is now possible to easily transfer pallets with planted plants from artificial light cultivation shelves to solar cultivation shelves, and it is now possible to transfer plants including the pallets from artificial cultivation shelves to solar cultivation shelves during the high growth period of the plant's growth characteristics. This is what I did.

[Example] An example of the three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, the three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 is constructed. As shown in the figure, a fixed three-dimensional cultivation shelf 2 formed in multiple stages is provided indoors in a greenhouse or the like in order to cultivate a large amount of plants in a small space. A nutrient solution tank 4 filled with a cultivation solution 3 is placed on each shelf.
Each of these nutrient solution tanks 4 contains a pallet 5 for planting and cultivating plants after germination. A plurality of pallets 5 are arranged in series and placed on a guide member 6 that projects inward from the side wall of the nutrient solution tank 4, so that they can be freely transported.
The cultivation nutrient solution 3 is filled in a portion of the nutrient solution tank 4 below the pallet 5. A plurality of holes 7 are formed in the pallet 5 in rows and columns. A post-germinated plant 8 planted in urethane or the like in this hole 7
are being charged and planted. A solar cultivation shelf 9 is positioned at the top of the fixed three-dimensional cultivation shelf 2 so as to receive sufficient sunlight. On the lower stage of this solar cultivation shelf 9 is a fluorescent lamp 1.
An artificial light cultivation shelf 11 is located for cultivating the plants 8 planted on the pallet 5 by supplementing the light by irradiating artificial light of 0 or the like.

Furthermore, this three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 is provided with a transfer means 12 for transferring the pallet 5 formed in the nutrient solution tank 4 so as to be freely transportable from the artificial light cultivation shelf 11 to the solar cultivation shelf 9. It is being This relocation means 12 consists of hanger members 13 provided upright at both ends of the pallet 5 in the longitudinal direction, and a relocation device 14 provided on one longitudinal side of the fixed three-dimensional cultivation rack 2. There is. This hanger member 13 is formed in a U-shape and stands upright so as to form a hollow space between it and the pallet 5. Of the hanger members 13 provided at both ends of the pallet 5 in the longitudinal direction, the upper part of the hanger member 13 located on the transfer device 14 side is connected to the transfer device 14.
It is bent to the side so that the side surface has an L-shape. The relocation device 14 has a roller 15 at its lower part, a frame 16 that is movably provided, and a rod member 17 that extends from the frame 16 facing the fixed three-dimensional cultivation shelf 2.
, an advancing/retracting means 18 for moving the rod member 17 forward and backward in the longitudinal direction of the fixed three-dimensional cultivation rack 2, and an elevating means 19 for raising and lowering the rod member 17 in the height direction of the fixed three-dimensional cultivation rack 2. It consists of The advancing/retracting means 18 is formed of, for example, a rack and pinion gear. Further, the elevating means 19 is formed by, for example, a hydraulic device or the like. Furthermore, two enlarged diameter portions 20 are formed on the rod member 17 at substantially the same distance as the distance between the hanger members 13 provided at both ends of the pallet 5. A plurality of pallets 5 are provided along the longitudinal direction in the nutrient solution tank 4 placed on each of the shelves. These pallets 5 are connected along the longitudinal direction of each shelf by engaging adjacent pallets 5 by engaging members 21, as shown in FIG. This engaging member 21 consists of an L-shaped member 22 provided on one side of the adjacent pallets 5, and a pin member 23 provided on the other side and inserted into a hole formed in the L-shaped member 22. The pallets 5 are connected along the longitudinal direction of each shelf by the moving means 12, and are detachably provided so that they can be separated.

Next, the operation of one embodiment of the three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 configured as described above will be described.

As shown in FIG. 7, the growth characteristics of the plants 8 are that during a predetermined period from sowing to germination, growth is slow, indicating a so-called low growth period S, and thereafter, growth becomes rapid, indicating a so-called high growth period F. During the low growth period S, the plant hardly needs sunlight and grows even in weak light. However, it is known that the high growth period F requires a large amount of sunlight. The present invention was created by focusing on the growth characteristics of this plant 8.
That is, during the low growth period S after germination and planting on the pallet 5, the plants 8 are cultivated with artificial light on the artificial light cultivation rack 11 of the fixed three-dimensional cultivation rack 1, and the plants 8 are grown in the high growth period. When reaching F, the above artificial light cultivation shelf 1
1 to the uppermost solar cultivation shelf 9 and cultivated under sunlight for a period of time, and then harvested after growth.

For example, a case will be described in which a plant 8 cultivated during the low growth period S on the lowermost artificial light cultivation shelf 11 of the fixed three-dimensional cultivation shelf 1 is transferred to the uppermost solar cultivation shelf 9. As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 4, and FIG. Adjust to position. Then, the rod member 17 is moved below the hanger member 13 by the advancing/retracting means 18, that is, the hanger member 1
3 and the pallet 5 (movement of an arrow in the figure). Next, the rod member 17 is lifted up and down by the elevating means 19 to its expanded diameter portion 20.
After the rod member 17 is raised to such an extent that it hangs over the upper part of the hanger member 13, the rod member 17 is moved back toward the transfer device 14 by a distance corresponding to the length of one pallet 5 by the advancing/retracting means 18 (movement indicated by an arrow in the figure). As a result, the plurality of pallets 5 are drawn toward the transfer device 14 while being connected, and the next pallet 5 is positioned in preparation for the next process. This is because the two enlarged diameter portions 20 of the rod member 17 are hooked onto the upper portions of the respective hanger members 13 provided at both ends of the pallet 5 in the longitudinal direction.
This is done by moving the rod member 17 backward by the advancing/retreating means 18 while the rod member 17 is retained on the hanger member 13. Then, the rod member 17 is raised by the lifting means 19 (as indicated by the arrow in the figure). As a result, the L of the engaging member 21 provided to connect the adjacent pallets 5
The pin member 23 inserted into the hole of the character-shaped member 22 is L
The pallet 5 is separated from the adjacent pallet 5 by being removed from the shaped member 22. Thereafter, the pallets 5 separated from the adjacent pallets 5 while being transferred to the relocation device 14 side are lifted by the lifting means 19 using the rod member 17, and placed on the solar cultivation rack 9 of the fixed three-dimensional cultivation rack 2. Adjust the expanded diameter portion 20 of the rod member 17 to a position above the horizontal portion of the hanger member 13 when the pallet 5 is relocated (as indicated by the arrow in the figure). Next, the base 24 of the rod member 17 is locked to the hanger member 13 whose side surface is L-shaped by the advance/retreat means 18, and the pallet 5 is pushed in by a distance equal to the length of one pallet 5 in preparation for the next process ( movement of arrows in the figure). And the above-mentioned elevating means 1
9, the rod member 17 is attached to the hanger member 13.
The pallet 5 is lowered downward and placed in the nutrient solution tank 4 (as indicated by the arrow in the figure). Thereafter, the rod member 17 is lowered below the hanger member 13 by the elevating means 19, and the advancing/retracting means 1
8, the rod member 17 inserted into the hanger member 13 is moved backward and separated from the hanger member 13 (as indicated by the arrow in the figure).

In this way, the engaging member 2 is positioned on the lowest artificial light cultivation shelf 11 of the fixed three-dimensional cultivation shelf 2.
The pallets 5 connected in step 1 are separated by the moving means 12 disengaging the engaging member 21 (the above-mentioned movement), but in the next step, the pallets 5 are transferred to the nutrient solution tank on the solar cultivation shelf 9. When the pallets 5 are housed in the pallets 4 (the above-mentioned movement), the engaging members 21 are engaged by the moving means 12, and the adjacent pallets 5 are sequentially connected. By the way, the base 24 of the rod member 17 is engaged with the hanger member 13 whose side surface is L-shaped by the advancing/retracting means 18, and the connected pallets 5 are pushed in by a distance corresponding to one pallet 5. (the above movement) and when pulling it out (the above movement), the cultivation solution in the nutrient solution tank 4 placed on the solar cultivation shelf 9 is filled up to above the guide member 6 as shown in FIG. By keeping the pallet 5 floating, the pallet 5 can be easily pushed in and pulled out.

As described above, the plants 8 are transferred from the artificial light cultivation shelf 11 of the fixed three-dimensional cultivation shelf 1 to the solar cultivation shelf 9 on the pallet 5.
Since the plants are relocated together, it is possible not only to cultivate plants that are sensitive to strong light on all the cultivation shelves, but also to facilitate the planting and harvesting operations on the relocation device 14.

Moreover, the pallet 5 accommodated in the nutrient solution tank 4
Since the pallet 5 is formed into a plurality of sheets and moved one by one, the pallet 5 can be moved even in a small space, and the small space can be used effectively.

[Effects of the Invention] In summary, the present invention exhibits the following excellent effects.

(1) The pallet for planting and cultivating plants after germination can be easily transferred from the artificial light cultivation shelf to the solar cultivation shelf by means of a relocation method.
By transferring the plants, including the above-mentioned pallets, from the artificial light cultivation shelves to the solar cultivation shelves during the high growth period of the plants, it is possible to cultivate plants that are sensitive to strong light on all the cultivation shelves.

(2) The pallet is provided with an engaging means, and the engaging means connects and separates the pallet to each shelf along its longitudinal direction, so that the artificial light cultivation shelf of the pallet on which plants are planted can be moved. Not only can it be easily relocated from a solar cell to a solar cultivation shelf, but it also facilitates planting and harvesting operations and can be automated.

(3) Since the structure is simple, the present invention can be achieved by improving the conventional three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus, and is highly versatile.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of the three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a view taken along the - line arrow in FIG. 1, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a pallet adopted in one embodiment, FIG. 4 is a view showing a disconnected state of the engaging means by the relocation means of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a view taken along the - line in FIG. 4, and FIG. Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the growth characteristics of plants, and Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a conventional three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation device. be. In the figure, 1 is a three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation device, 5 is a pallet, 9 is a solar cultivation shelf, 11 is an artificial light cultivation shelf, 1
2 is a relocation means, and 21 is an engagement means.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A pallet that is formed to be transportable and for planting and cultivating plants after germination, and a pallet that is formed in multiple stages so that the pallets can be placed on it and is irradiated with artificial light for cultivating the planted plants. An artificial light cultivation shelf, a solar cultivation shelf positioned at the top of the artificial light cultivation shelf so as to receive sufficient sunlight, and the above pallet are transferred from the artificial light cultivation shelf to the solar cultivation shelf. and a relocation means provided on each of the pallets, the relocation means connecting the pallets to each of the shelves along their longitudinal direction;
1. A three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation device comprising an engaging means that can be separated.