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JPH0371474B2 - - Google Patents
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JPH0371474B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0371474B2
JPH0371474B2 JP62277368A JP27736887A JPH0371474B2 JP H0371474 B2 JPH0371474 B2 JP H0371474B2 JP 62277368 A JP62277368 A JP 62277368A JP 27736887 A JP27736887 A JP 27736887A JP H0371474 B2 JPH0371474 B2 JP H0371474B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
viscosity
water
slurry
cps
montmorillonite clay
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP62277368A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH01121396A (en
Inventor
Shohei Hoshino
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JDC Corp
Original Assignee
JDC Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by JDC Corp filed Critical JDC Corp
Priority to JP62277368A priority Critical patent/JPH01121396A/en
Publication of JPH01121396A publication Critical patent/JPH01121396A/en
Publication of JPH0371474B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0371474B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/0642Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end
    • E21D9/0678Adding additives, e.g. chemical compositions, to the slurry or the cuttings

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

(産業上の利用分野) 本発明はシールド掘削工事用泥漿組成物に関す
る。 (従来の技術) 地下鉄、地下道路、下水道等の構築に必要なシ
ールド掘削工事は、地盤の状況(地質や地下水の
状況)に応じて種々なる工法が開発されている
が、それぞれ短所・長所があり、工事対象地盤の
状況により適宜最適な工法が採用されている。こ
の工法の一つである泥漿シールド工法は、設備投
資が比較的少なく、コスト的に有利であるが、滞
水砂礫層地盤の掘削の場合地下水圧による土砂の
坑内噴発発生の問題がある。又、通常必ずモンモ
リロナイト系粘土鉱物を使用するので、掘削土砂
の廃棄の問題がある。 前者の問題は、従来から対策を迫られており、
掘削施工上又はシールド機の機構上から対処して
きているが、必ずしも完全には解決されていな
い。後者の問題は、泥漿材としてモンモリロナイ
ト系粘土鉱物を使うため掘削土砂がアルカリ性を
呈し、かつ地下水が多い場合は含水率が高くなり
ヘドロ状になるため産業廃棄物の扱いを受け、廃
棄処理コストが高くつくのみならず、近年土捨て
場に余裕がなくなり、廃棄問題の深刻さが急速に
高まつてきている。 (発明が解決しようとしている問題点) 泥漿シールド掘削工事に従来から使用されてい
る泥漿材は、モンモリロナイト系粘土鉱物と微粉
末の無機質増量材の適当量を水にて混練し、適度
な粘性を持たせたものである。この泥漿の注入目
的はシールド機カツタチヤンバー内に導入された
掘削土砂の流動性を高め、かつ土砂の間隙に充満
し、適度な止水性を付与することにより、掘削工
砂のスムースな排出を行わしめることにある。然
るに地下水の多い滞水砂礫層地盤においては、時
として坑内噴発の事故が発生するが、この噴発現
象の原因を種々考察した結果、切羽およびカツタ
チヤンバーにおける地下水との接触により泥漿が
希釈され、その結果粘性が著しく低下し、必要な
スクリユウコンベヤ内の止水性が喪失し、地下水
圧に抗しきれず、噴発するものと推察し、水希釈
により粘性低下の起り難い泥漿材組成の開発が必
要と判断した。 第二の問題は、モンモリロナイト系粘土鉱物使
用による排出土砂がアルカリ性であること並びに
含水率が大きくヘドロ状を呈することが産業廃棄
物扱いの理由であるので、この二点を解決しなけ
ればならない。 (問題を解決するための手段) 本発明者は、泥漿の水希釈による粘性低下挙動
を種々検討した結果次のような事実を発見した。 従来から使用されてきたモンモリロナイト系粘
土鉱物と無機質増量材の組み合わせでは、水希釈
による粘性低下が起こり易い。例えば、見掛け粘
土6000cps(以下見掛け粘度はB型粘度計によりロ
ーター回転数60rpmで測定した数値で表すものと
する)の泥漿をつくり、容積比で20%の水を加え
希釈(これを20%割り水と呼称する)すると、使
用するベントナイトの種類や増量材の材質により
低下率は若干異なるが、およそ3000cps以下に低
下することが多い。このことは地下水の多い砂礫
層地盤の掘削過程で注入した泥漿の役割が全うさ
れず、スクリユウ内での止水性が低下し、状況に
よつては噴発を誘発するに至る。 このような粘性低下を防ぐ方法を種々検討した
結果、1%水溶液粘度が3000cps以上であるカル
ボキシメチルセルローズ・ナトリウム塩(以下高
粘度CMCと略称する)またはザンタンガム(炭
水化物にXanthamonas菌類を作用させて製造さ
れる水溶性バイオポリマーの一種)の低せん断速
度における粘性の大きいことに着目し、かつ少量
のモンモリロナイト系粘土鉱物との併用により著
しく増粘することを発見した。土木工事用に一般
的に用いられるCMCでは必要な高粘性が発現せ
ずスクリユウ内止水性が確保できない。モンモリ
ロナイト系粘土鉱物と高粘度CMCまたはザンタ
ンガムとの併存にのみ発現する高粘性の特徴は、
地下水噴発防止に極めて有利である。即ち、本発
明により得られた泥漿の20%割り水による粘性低
下は、無機質増量材の種類により若干異なるが、
初期粘性の20〜50%程度に留まり、高粘度CMC
またはザンタンガムを含まない通常の泥漿系に比
べて著しく高粘性を保持し易い。 このことは前述のスクリユウコンベヤ内におけ
る掘削土砂に適度な流動抵抗を付与する点で極め
て有利であり、坑内噴発事故の発生を抑制する上
で効果的であることは明らかである。 第二の問題を解決するため、泥漿のPHを排水規
制の上限値8.6以下にしなければならない。モン
モリロナイト系粘土鉱物は、本発明を実施するに
当り必須の材料であるが、水の存在下でPH9.5〜
10のアルカリ性を呈する。このアルカリ性を除去
するため、使用するモンモリロナイト系粘土鉱物
から溶出するアルカリ成分を中和するに必要な無
機酸(硫酸、塩酸、燐酸など)を水に予め添加
し、所要の粘土鉱物および増量材を混練りし、得
られた泥漿のPHが8.6以下であるようにする。 また本発明を実施するに際し、無機質増量材は
微粉末かつ安価であれば特に限定されるものでは
ないが、増量材としてカオリン系粘土鉱物のごと
き微酸性微粉末を用いることにより、練り水に予
め酸を加えなくともPHを8.6以下にすることがで
きる。 モンモリロナイト系粘土鉱物、無機質増量材、
高粘土CMCまたはザンタンガムおよび水の混合
組成物は、掘削地盤の状態により必要な流動性と
止水性を付与する粘性を得るよう適宜配合組成を
選択せねばならない。 (発明の効果) 本発明による泥漿組成物は、低せん断速度にお
ける粘性が極めて大きい高粘度CMCまたはザン
タンガムを使用しているため地下水と混ざり難
く、かつ地下水希釈による粘性低下は比較的少な
い。従つて、従来の泥漿組成では往々にして坑内
噴発の事故が発生していた滞水砂礫層地盤のシー
ルド掘削に本発明による泥漿を適用した場合、噴
発事故もなく、スムースな掘削ができ、かつ地下
水と混ざり難いため掘削土砂の含水率も多くなら
ずに済み、排出土砂のPHは8.6以下にできるので
非産業廃棄物としての扱いが可能であり、建設工
事上のメリツトは非常に大きい。 以下に具体例を示し本発明の実施態様を説明す
る。 実施例 1 モンモリロナイト系粘土鉱物微粉末(農順洋行
製“棒名”)25gとミクロサンド(奥多摩工業製
硅砂微粉末)105gの混合物にダイセルCMC2180
(1%水溶粘度が8400cpsでエーテル化度が0.65で
あるCMC)、ダイセルCMC2100(1%水溶液粘度
が3100cpsでエーテル化度が0.65であるCMC)及
びザンタンガム(ソマール社のローデイゲル23製
品)のそれぞれ1gを添加した3種の混合物に、
濃硫酸0.3gの添加した酸性の水300mlを加え高速
撹拌機にてよく混練りする。得られた泥漿の見掛
け粘度、PH及び20%割り水した場合の粘度を表1
に示す。
(Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a slurry composition for shield excavation work. (Conventional technology) Various methods have been developed for shield excavation work necessary for constructing subways, underground roads, sewers, etc. depending on the ground conditions (geology and groundwater conditions), but each method has its own disadvantages and advantages. The most suitable construction method is adopted depending on the condition of the ground to be constructed. One of these construction methods, the mud shield construction method, requires relatively little capital investment and is advantageous in terms of cost, but when excavating in a water-retaining sand and gravel layer, there is the problem of underground eruptions of soil due to groundwater pressure. Furthermore, since montmorillonite clay minerals are usually used, there is a problem in the disposal of excavated soil. The former problem has traditionally required countermeasures.
This problem has been addressed from the perspective of excavation construction or the mechanism of the shield machine, but it has not always been completely resolved. The latter problem is that excavated soil becomes alkaline because montmorillonite clay minerals are used as the slurry material, and if there is a lot of groundwater, the water content increases and becomes sludge-like, so it is treated as industrial waste and disposal costs are high. Not only is it expensive, but in recent years there has been a shortage of soil disposal sites, and the seriousness of the disposal problem has been rapidly increasing. (Problem to be solved by the invention) The slurry material conventionally used in mud shield excavation work is made by kneading appropriate amounts of montmorillonite clay minerals and finely powdered inorganic fillers with water to obtain an appropriate viscosity. It is what I was given. The purpose of injecting this slurry is to increase the fluidity of the excavated soil introduced into the cutter chamber of the shield machine, fill the gaps in the soil, and provide appropriate water sealing properties, allowing the excavated sand to be discharged smoothly. There is a particular thing. However, underground blowouts sometimes occur in sandy gravel beds with a lot of groundwater.After examining various causes of this blowout phenomenon, we found that the sludge is diluted by contact with groundwater at the face and cut chamber. As a result, the viscosity decreases significantly, the necessary water-tightness inside the screw conveyor is lost, and it is assumed that it will not be able to withstand the groundwater pressure and will erupt.Therefore, it is necessary to develop a slurry material composition that is unlikely to decrease in viscosity due to water dilution. I decided that. The second problem is that the soil discharged from the use of montmorillonite clay minerals is alkaline and has a high water content and appears in the form of sludge, which are the reasons why it is treated as industrial waste, so these two points must be solved. (Means for Solving the Problem) The inventor of the present invention has discovered the following fact as a result of various studies on the viscosity reduction behavior of slurry due to water dilution. The combination of a montmorillonite clay mineral and an inorganic filler that has been used in the past tends to cause a decrease in viscosity due to water dilution. For example, make a slurry of 6000 cps of apparent clay (apparent viscosity hereafter is expressed as a value measured with a B-type viscometer at a rotor rotation speed of 60 rpm), and dilute it by adding 20% water by volume (divide this by 20%). (referred to as water), the rate of decrease varies slightly depending on the type of bentonite used and the material of the filler, but it often decreases to about 3000 cps or less. This means that the role of the slurry injected during the excavation process in the sandy and gravelly ground, which has a lot of groundwater, is not fulfilled, reducing the ability to stop water inside the screw, and depending on the situation, can lead to an eruption. As a result of various studies on ways to prevent such a decrease in viscosity, we found that carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (hereinafter referred to as high viscosity CMC) with a 1% aqueous solution viscosity of 3000 cps or more or xanthan gum (manufactured by treating carbohydrates with Xanthamonas fungi) We focused on the high viscosity of the water-soluble biopolymer (a type of water-soluble biopolymer) at low shear rates, and discovered that the viscosity increases significantly when used in combination with a small amount of montmorillonite clay mineral. CMC, which is commonly used for civil engineering work, does not develop the necessary high viscosity and cannot ensure water-tightness within the screw. The high viscosity characteristic that occurs only when montmorillonite clay minerals coexist with high viscosity CMC or xanthan gum is
This is extremely advantageous in preventing underground water outbursts. In other words, the viscosity reduction of the slurry obtained by the present invention by 20% water differs slightly depending on the type of inorganic filler, but
High viscosity CMC remains at around 20-50% of initial viscosity
Or, it tends to maintain a significantly higher viscosity than a normal slurry system that does not contain xanthan gum. This is extremely advantageous in providing appropriate flow resistance to the excavated soil in the aforementioned screw conveyor, and is clearly effective in suppressing the occurrence of underground blowout accidents. To solve the second problem, the pH of the slurry must be lower than the upper limit of wastewater regulations, 8.6. Montmorillonite clay mineral is an essential material for carrying out the present invention, and in the presence of water the montmorillonite clay mineral has a pH of 9.5~
Exhibits an alkalinity of 10. In order to remove this alkalinity, inorganic acids (sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.) necessary to neutralize the alkaline components eluted from the montmorillonite clay minerals used are added to the water in advance, and the necessary clay minerals and fillers are added to the water. Knead so that the pH of the slurry obtained is 8.6 or less. In addition, when carrying out the present invention, the inorganic filler is not particularly limited as long as it is a fine powder and inexpensive, but by using a slightly acidic fine powder such as kaolin clay mineral as the filler, it is possible to add the inorganic filler to the kneading water in advance. The pH can be lowered to 8.6 or less without adding acid. Montmorillonite clay mineral, inorganic filler,
The mixed composition of high clay CMC or xanthan gum and water must be appropriately selected to obtain a viscosity that provides the necessary fluidity and water-stopping properties depending on the condition of the excavated ground. (Effects of the Invention) The slurry composition according to the present invention uses high-viscosity CMC or xanthan gum that has extremely high viscosity at low shear rates, so it is difficult to mix with groundwater, and the viscosity decrease due to groundwater dilution is relatively small. Therefore, when the slurry according to the present invention is applied to shield excavation in ground with water-retaining sand and gravel, where conventional slurry compositions often caused underground blowouts, smooth excavation can be carried out without blowouts. Moreover, since it is difficult to mix with groundwater, the water content of the excavated soil does not increase, and the pH of the discharged soil can be kept below 8.6, so it can be treated as non-industrial waste, which has great advantages in construction work. . Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples. Example 1 Daicel CMC2180 was added to a mixture of 25 g of montmorillonite clay mineral fine powder (“Bonana” manufactured by Nojun Yoko) and 105 g of Microsand (silica sand fine powder manufactured by Okutama Kogyo).
(CMC with a 1% aqueous viscosity of 8400 cps and a degree of etherification of 0.65), Daicel CMC2100 (CMC with a 1% aqueous solution viscosity of 3100 cps and a degree of etherification of 0.65), and xanthan gum (Rodeigel 23 product of Somar) 1 g each To a mixture of three types added,
Add 300 ml of acidic water containing 0.3 g of concentrated sulfuric acid and mix thoroughly using a high-speed stirrer. Table 1 shows the apparent viscosity, pH, and viscosity when diluted with 20% water of the obtained slurry.
Shown below.

【表】 実施例 2 実施例1のケースで濃硫酸を使用せず、他の条
件を全て同じにした場合の泥漿A′、B′、C′の性
状を表2に示す。
[Table] Example 2 Table 2 shows the properties of slurries A', B', and C' in the case of Example 1 without using concentrated sulfuric acid and keeping all other conditions the same.

【表】 実施例1と2の結果から練り水のPH調整による
粘性への影響は無いことがわかる。 実施例 3 モンモリロナイト系粘土鉱物(豊順洋行製“棒
名”)38g、カオリナイト系粘土鉱物(昌栄産業
製FCパウダー)150g及びダイセルCMC2180 0.5
gの混合物に水425mlを加え、高速撹拌機にてよ
く混練りして得られる泥漿の見掛け粘度は
4800cpsであり、PHは8.35であつた。これに20%
割水した時に粘度は3500cpsであり、粘度保持率
は72.9%であつた。 本実施例から明らかなようにモンモリロナイト
系粘土鉱物とカオリナイト系粘土鉱物との組み合
わせでは練り水を酸性にしなくともPHを排水規制
の上限値である8.6以下にすることができる。 比較例 1 出雲ベントナイト(笠岡粘土工業製)40gとク
レイサンド(渡辺耐火鉱業所製)200gの混合物
に水300mlを加え、高速撹拌機にてよく混練りし
て得られる泥漿の見掛け粘度は4850cpsであり、
これを20%割水したときの希釈泥漿の粘度は
1500cpsであつた。粘性保持率は30.1%である。 比較例 2 出雲ベントナイト25g、ミクロサンド(奥多摩
工業製硅砂微粉末)300g及びダイセルCMC1160
(1%水溶液粘度が414cpsでありエーテル化度が
0.72)2gの混合物に練り水300mlを加え、高速
撹拌機にてよく混練りし、得られた泥漿の見掛け
粘度を測定した結果2100cpsであつた。この泥漿
を20%割り水した時の粘度は600cpsに過ぎなかつ
た。すなわち、通常の土木工事用に用いられる
CMC程度の分子量のCMCでは砂礫層地盤のシー
ルド掘進に必要な粘性は得られないことが分か
る。
[Table] From the results of Examples 1 and 2, it can be seen that adjusting the pH of the kneading water has no effect on the viscosity. Example 3 38 g of montmorillonite clay mineral (“Bonana” manufactured by Toyojun Yoko), 150 g of kaolinite clay mineral (FC powder manufactured by Shoei Sangyo) and Daicel CMC2180 0.5
The apparent viscosity of the slurry obtained by adding 425 ml of water to the mixture of g and kneading it well using a high-speed stirrer is
It was 4800cps and PH was 8.35. 20% on this
When water was added, the viscosity was 3500 cps, and the viscosity retention rate was 72.9%. As is clear from this example, the combination of montmorillonite clay mineral and kaolinite clay mineral can reduce the pH to 8.6 or less, which is the upper limit of drainage regulations, without making the kneading water acidic. Comparative Example 1 Add 300 ml of water to a mixture of 40 g of Izumo bentonite (manufactured by Kasaoka Clay Industry) and 200 g of clay sand (manufactured by Watanabe Fireproof Mining Works), and mix well with a high-speed stirrer. The apparent viscosity of the slurry obtained is 4850 cps. can be,
The viscosity of the diluted slurry when this is diluted with 20% water is
It was 1500cps. The viscosity retention rate is 30.1%. Comparative example 2 25g of Izumo bentonite, 300g of micro sand (fine silica sand powder made by Okutama Industries) and Daicel CMC1160
(The viscosity of 1% aqueous solution is 414 cps and the degree of etherification is
0.72) 300 ml of kneading water was added to 2 g of the mixture and thoroughly kneaded using a high-speed stirrer. The apparent viscosity of the resulting slurry was measured and found to be 2100 cps. When this slurry was mixed with 20% water, the viscosity was only 600 cps. In other words, it is used for ordinary civil engineering work.
It can be seen that CMC with a molecular weight similar to that of CMC cannot provide the viscosity necessary for shield excavation in sandy and gravelly ground.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 モンモリロナイト系粘土鉱物、無機質増量
材、1%水溶液粘度が3000cps以上であるカルボ
キシメチルセルローズ・ナトリウム塩またはザン
タンガムおよび水から成る、シールド掘削工事用
泥漿組成物。
1. A slurry composition for shield excavation work consisting of a montmorillonite clay mineral, an inorganic filler, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt or xanthan gum with a 1% aqueous solution viscosity of 3000 cps or more, and water.
JP62277368A 1987-11-04 1987-11-04 Slurry composition for shield excavation Granted JPH01121396A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62277368A JPH01121396A (en) 1987-11-04 1987-11-04 Slurry composition for shield excavation

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62277368A JPH01121396A (en) 1987-11-04 1987-11-04 Slurry composition for shield excavation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH01121396A JPH01121396A (en) 1989-05-15
JPH0371474B2 true JPH0371474B2 (en) 1991-11-13

Family

ID=17582552

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP62277368A Granted JPH01121396A (en) 1987-11-04 1987-11-04 Slurry composition for shield excavation

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH01121396A (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19530077A1 (en) * 1995-08-16 1997-02-20 Wolff Walsrode Ag Preparations from non-ionic and ionic hydrocolloids and their use as auxiliary materials for tunnel construction
IT201700003218A1 (en) * 2017-01-13 2018-07-13 Laviosa Chimica Mineraria S P A DRILLING FLUID FOR DRILLING SYSTEMS, OR PERFORATION, OF WELLS AND EXCAVATIONS FOR CIVIL OR INDUSTRIAL WORKS
CN109184708B (en) * 2018-10-18 2022-08-26 上海隧道工程有限公司 Acid decomposition method for treating mud cake formed on shield cutter head
CN109294591A (en) * 2018-10-18 2019-02-01 西北师范大学 A kind of preparation method of natural soil-based bio-glue soil anti-corrosion material

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