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JPH0373995B2 - - Google Patents
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JPH0373995B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0373995B2
JPH0373995B2 JP57161391A JP16139182A JPH0373995B2 JP H0373995 B2 JPH0373995 B2 JP H0373995B2 JP 57161391 A JP57161391 A JP 57161391A JP 16139182 A JP16139182 A JP 16139182A JP H0373995 B2 JPH0373995 B2 JP H0373995B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
gas
bypass
power generation
generation device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP57161391A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS5951480A (en
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed filed Critical
Priority to JP57161391A priority Critical patent/JPS5951480A/en
Publication of JPS5951480A publication Critical patent/JPS5951480A/en
Publication of JPH0373995B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0373995B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔発明の技術分野〕 本発明は燃料の化学反応エネルギーを直接電気
的エネルギーに変換する燃料電池発電装置に関す
る。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a fuel cell power generation device that directly converts chemical reaction energy of fuel into electrical energy.

〔発明の技術的背景〕[Technical background of the invention]

燃料の化学的エネルギーを直接電気的エネルギ
ーに変換して発電を行なう燃料電池発電装置は、
火力発電等に比べ極めて変換効率が高いため最近
注目されている。
A fuel cell power generation device generates electricity by directly converting the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy.
It has recently attracted attention because it has extremely high conversion efficiency compared to thermal power generation.

斯る燃料電池発電装置として一般的なものは第
1図に示すように、メタン等の炭化水素或いはメ
タノール等のアルコールと水蒸気とを混合した燃
料ガスAを改質器1に導入する。そしてこの改質
器1において例えば炭化水素燃料を用いた場合主
としてCnHm+nH2O→nCO+(n+m/2)H2の反 応が起こり、水素と一酸化炭素を主成分とするガ
スBが製造される。尚上記反応は吸熱反応である
ためバーナ2によつて外部から熱を与え反応を促
進するようにしている。
As shown in FIG. 1, such a typical fuel cell power generation device introduces a fuel gas A, which is a mixture of water vapor and a hydrocarbon such as methane or an alcohol such as methanol, into a reformer 1. When a hydrocarbon fuel is used in the reformer 1, for example, a reaction of CnHm+nH 2 O→nCO+(n+m/2)H 2 mainly occurs, and gas B containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide as main components is produced. Since the above reaction is an endothermic reaction, heat is applied from the outside by the burner 2 to promote the reaction.

次いで、上記ガスBを変成器3に送る。この変
成器3においてはCO+H2O→CO2+H2の反応を
行なわしめ、一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素と水素に変
換する。而して変成器3から出るガスCはガスB
よりも更に水素に富んだガスとなつている。
Next, the gas B is sent to the transformer 3. In this shift converter 3, a reaction of CO+H 2 O→CO 2 +H 2 is carried out, and carbon monoxide is converted into carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Therefore, gas C coming out of transformer 3 is gas B.
The gas is even richer in hydrogen than before.

そして、ガスCは燃料電池4に送られる。この
燃料電池4には空気供給管Xが接続されており、
この供給管Xを介して燃料電池4内に空気が供給
され、この空気中の酸素と前記ガスC中の水素と
が反応し、この反応に伴なうエネルギーを電気エ
ネルギーに変換して発電を行なう。そして反応を
終了した空気は排気管Yから外部へ排出され、ま
た反応を終えたガスCは排出管Dによつて前記バ
ーナ2に導かれる。そして反応を終えたガスC中
には未反応の水素等が混じており、この可燃分が
バーナ2において供給管Zを介して供給された空
気によつて燃焼し、改質器2に反応促進用の熱を
与えるようにしている。
Gas C is then sent to the fuel cell 4. An air supply pipe X is connected to this fuel cell 4,
Air is supplied into the fuel cell 4 through this supply pipe Let's do it. The air that has completed the reaction is discharged to the outside from the exhaust pipe Y, and the gas C that has completed the reaction is guided to the burner 2 through the exhaust pipe D. After the reaction, the gas C contains unreacted hydrogen, etc., and this combustible content is combusted by the air supplied through the supply pipe Z in the burner 2, and the reaction is promoted in the reformer 2. I try to give them enough heat.

〔背景技術の問題点〕[Problems with background technology]

従来にあつては上記の如くして発電を行なつて
いるのであるが、燃料電池4内に流入する燃料ガ
ス中の一酸化炭素は燃料電池の電極触媒の活性を
低下せしめるので、燃料電池4の入口における一
酸化炭素濃度は数パーセント以下に保たなければ
ならない。
Conventionally, electricity is generated as described above, but carbon monoxide in the fuel gas flowing into the fuel cell 4 reduces the activity of the electrode catalyst of the fuel cell. The carbon monoxide concentration at the inlet must be kept below a few percent.

しかしながら現実には、装置の起動時、停止
時、非定常時或いは異常時には許容濃度を超える
一酸化炭素を含んだガスが燃料電池に供給される
という問題がある。
However, in reality, there is a problem in that gas containing carbon monoxide exceeding a permissible concentration is supplied to the fuel cell when the device is started, stopped, unsteady, or abnormal.

〔発明の目的〕[Purpose of the invention]

本発明は上記した従来の問題点を改善すべくな
されたものであり、その目的とするところは燃料
電池の電極触媒にとつて触媒毒となる成分ガス、
例えば一酸化炭素の濃度が増加した場合に、燃料
電池への燃料ガスの供給を自動的に遮断するよう
にした燃料電池発電装置を提供するにある。
The present invention was made to improve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and its purpose is to eliminate component gases that act as catalyst poisons for fuel cell electrode catalysts,
An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell power generation device that automatically cuts off the supply of fuel gas to a fuel cell when the concentration of carbon monoxide increases, for example.

〔発明の概要〕[Summary of the invention]

上記目的を達成するため、本発明に係る燃料電
池発電装置は、変成器と燃料電池とを結ぶ系統に
触媒毒となる成分の濃度をモニターするガス分析
計を設け、このガス分析計よりも下流側の前記系
統からバイパスを分岐し、このバイパスを燃料電
池の排出系統に合流せしめ、更に前記ガス分析計
からの信号により二方弁或いは三方弁を介して、
前記変成器と燃料電池を結ぶ系統とバイパスとの
流路切換えを行なうようにし、また場合によつて
は前記バイパスに流路切換えの際の圧力変動を抑
制するための構造体を設けるようにしたことをそ
の概要としている。
In order to achieve the above object, the fuel cell power generation device according to the present invention is provided with a gas analyzer that monitors the concentration of components that become catalyst poisons in the system connecting the transformer and the fuel cell, and downstream of the gas analyzer. A bypass is branched from the system on the side, and this bypass is joined to the exhaust system of the fuel cell, and further, depending on the signal from the gas analyzer, via a two-way valve or a three-way valve,
The flow path is switched between the system connecting the transformer and the fuel cell and the bypass, and in some cases, the bypass is provided with a structure for suppressing pressure fluctuations when switching the flow path. This is the outline.

〔発明の実施例〕[Embodiments of the invention]

以下に本発明の実施例を添付図面に基いて詳述
する。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

第2図は本発明に係る燃料電池発電装置の概略
構成を示すブロツク図であり、前記従来装置と同
一の部材については同一の番号を付している。
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell power generation apparatus according to the present invention, and the same members as those in the conventional apparatus are designated by the same numbers.

即ち、炭化水素又はアルコールと水蒸気との混
合燃料ガスAは改質器1においてバーナ2からの
熱の供給を受けて吸熱反応を起こし、一酸化炭素
と水素とを主成分とする燃料ガスBとなつて変成
器3に送られ、この変成器3において上記一酸化
炭素が二酸化炭素と水素とに変換せしめられ、更
に水素に富んだ燃料ガスCとして燃料電池4に送
られ、この燃料電池4において燃料ガスC中の水
素と供給管Xを介して供給された空気等の酸化剤
ガスが反応して発電を行なう。そして反応後の酸
化剤ガスは排出管Yを介して外部に排出され、ま
た燃料ガスCは排出管Dを介して前記バーナ2に
送られ、ここで空気供給管Zからの空気によつて
燃焼し、吸熱反応用の熱を改質器1に供給するよ
うにしている。
That is, mixed fuel gas A of hydrocarbon or alcohol and water vapor undergoes an endothermic reaction in the reformer 1 by receiving heat from the burner 2, and becomes fuel gas B containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen as main components. The carbon monoxide is then sent to a transformer 3, where the carbon monoxide is converted into carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and further sent to a fuel cell 4 as a hydrogen-rich fuel gas C. Hydrogen in the fuel gas C reacts with an oxidizing gas such as air supplied via the supply pipe X to generate electricity. After the reaction, the oxidant gas is discharged to the outside through the exhaust pipe Y, and the fuel gas C is sent to the burner 2 through the exhaust pipe D, where it is combusted by air from the air supply pipe Z. Then, heat for endothermic reaction is supplied to the reformer 1.

一方変成器3と燃料電池4とを結ぶガス流路で
ある系統Fにはガス分析計5を設け、このガス分
析計5よりも下流側の系統FからはバイパスEを
分岐せしめこのバイパスEを燃料電池4からの排
出管Dに合流せしめている。そして上記系統Fの
分岐点6よりも下流側に弁8を、またバイパスE
の中間に弁9を設け、これらの弁8,9をガス分
岐計5からの信号で開閉するようにしている。つ
まりガス分析計5によつて燃料ガスC中の一酸化
炭素濃度が許容濃度を超えたことを感知したなら
ば弁8を開、弁9を閉とすることで流路の切換え
を行なうようにしている。これにより高濃度の触
媒毒である一酸化炭素が燃料電池に供給されるの
を防ぐこととなる。
On the other hand, a gas analyzer 5 is installed in the system F, which is a gas flow path connecting the transformer 3 and the fuel cell 4, and a bypass E is branched from the system F downstream of the gas analyzer 5. It joins the exhaust pipe D from the fuel cell 4. Then, a valve 8 is installed downstream of the branch point 6 of the system F, and a bypass E is installed.
A valve 9 is provided between the two, and these valves 8 and 9 are opened and closed by a signal from the gas branch meter 5. In other words, when the gas analyzer 5 detects that the carbon monoxide concentration in the fuel gas C exceeds the permissible concentration, the valve 8 is opened and the valve 9 is closed to switch the flow path. ing. This prevents a high concentration of carbon monoxide, which is a catalyst poison, from being supplied to the fuel cell.

第3図は別実施例を示すものであり、前記実施
例と相違する点はバイパスEの弁9の下流画合に
構造体10を設けた点にある。この構造体10は
抵抗を与えるための弁及び体積要素を有する容器
とを組合せたものであり、その流路体積は、バイ
パスの分岐点6から燃料電池4を通つて合流点7
に至るまでの流路の体積に等しく、またその流路
抵抗は、バイパスの分岐点6から燃料電池4を通
つて合流点に至るまでの流路の抵抗に等しくなる
ようにされている。而して、弁8,9の開閉によ
り流路を切換えた際の圧力変動を可及的に小さく
することができる。
FIG. 3 shows another embodiment, which differs from the previous embodiment in that a structure 10 is provided on the downstream side of the valve 9 of the bypass E. This structure 10 is a combination of a valve for providing resistance and a container having a volume element, and its flow path volume is from a bypass branch point 6 through a fuel cell 4 to a confluence point 7.
The volume of the flow path is equal to the volume of the flow path from the bypass branch point 6 to the fuel cell 4 to the confluence point. Thus, pressure fluctuations when switching the flow path by opening and closing the valves 8 and 9 can be made as small as possible.

第4図は異なる別実施例を示すものであり、前
記実施例と異なる点は弁8,9の代りに分岐点6
に三方弁11を設けた点にある。このようにする
ことで弁の数を少なくできる。
FIG. 4 shows another embodiment, which differs from the previous embodiment in that the valves 8 and 9 are replaced by a branch point 6.
The point is that a three-way valve 11 is provided at the end. By doing so, the number of valves can be reduced.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

以上の説明で明らかな如く本発明によれば、燃
料電池発電装置の変成器と燃料電池とを結ぶ系統
にガス分析計を設け、この下流側からバイパスを
分岐しこのバイパスを燃料電池からの排出系統に
合流せしめ、上記ガス分析計によつて燃料電池の
触媒毒となる成分ガスが許容濃度を超えたことを
感知した場合に流路を切換えるようにしたので、
従来のように改質器や変成器の運転操作におい
て、電極触媒の活性低下を招かないガス組成を保
つための所要時間が長くなる不利がなく、操作時
間の短縮が図れる。また従来にあつては何らかの
原因で触媒毒の成分濃度が高くなつた場合には燃
料電池の特性低下を回避できなかつたが本発明装
置によればこれを自動的に回避でき、燃料電池の
保護を確実に行なうことができる等多くの効果を
奏する。
As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, a gas analyzer is provided in the system connecting the transformer of the fuel cell power generation device and the fuel cell, and a bypass is branched from the downstream side of the gas analyzer, and this bypass is connected to the exhaust gas from the fuel cell. The system was designed to switch the flow path when the gas analyzer detects that the component gas that poisons the fuel cell catalyst exceeds the permissible concentration.
In operating a reformer or a shift converter, there is no disadvantage that the time required to maintain a gas composition that does not reduce the activity of the electrode catalyst increases as in the conventional case, and the operating time can be shortened. Furthermore, in the past, if the concentration of catalyst poison components increased for some reason, it was not possible to avoid the deterioration of the characteristics of the fuel cell, but with the device of the present invention, this can be automatically avoided, thereby protecting the fuel cell. This has many effects, such as being able to reliably perform the following tasks.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は従来の燃料電池発電装置の概略構成を
示すブロツク図、第2図は本発明に係る燃料電池
発電装置の概略構成を示すブロツク図、第3図及
び第4図は別実施例を示す第2図と同様のブロツ
ク図である。 1……改質器、2……バーナ、3……変成器、
4……燃料電池、5……ガス分析計、6……分岐
点、7……合流点、8,9,11……弁、10…
…構造体、A,B,C……燃料ガス、D……排出
系統、E……バイパス、F……変成器と燃料電池
とを結ぶ系統。
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a conventional fuel cell power generation device, FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell power generation device according to the present invention, and FIGS. 3 and 4 show another embodiment. FIG. 2 is a block diagram similar to FIG. 2 shown in FIG. 1... Reformer, 2... Burner, 3... Transformer,
4... Fuel cell, 5... Gas analyzer, 6... Branch point, 7... Confluence point, 8, 9, 11... Valve, 10...
...Structure, A, B, C... Fuel gas, D... Exhaust system, E... Bypass, F... System connecting the transformer and fuel cell.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 燃料ガスを改質器にて水素に富んだものと
し、この水素に富んだ燃料ガスを変成器に送つて
燃料ガス中の一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素とするとと
もに更に水素に富んだ燃料ガスとし、この燃料ガ
ス及び酸化剤ガスを燃料電池に供給して発電を行
なうようにした発電装置において、前記変成器と
燃料電池を結ぶ系統にガス分析計を設け、このガ
ス分析計よりも下流側の前記系統からバイパスを
分岐して燃料電池の排出系統に合流せしめ、更に
前記変成器と燃料電池とを結ぶ系統とバイパスと
の流路切換えを前記ガス分析計からの信号により
開閉される弁によつて行なうようにしたことを特
徴とする燃料電池発電装置。 2 前記弁はバイパスに設けられた弁と、変成器
と燃料電池を結ぶ系統のバイパスの分岐点よりも
下流側に設けられる弁とからなつていることを特
徴とする特許請求の範囲第1項記載の燃料電池発
電装置。 3 前記弁は変成器と燃料電池を結ぶ系統のバイ
パスの分岐点に設けられた三方弁であることを特
徴とする特許請求の範囲第1項記載の燃料電池発
電装置。 4 前記バイパスはバイパスの分岐点から燃料電
池を通つてバイパスの合流点に至るまでの流路体
積及び流路抵抗のそれぞれに等しい流路体積及び
流路抵抗を有する構造体を備えていることを特徴
とする特許請求の範囲第1項第2項第3項のいず
れかに記載の燃料電池発電装置。
[Scope of Claims] 1 Fuel gas is enriched with hydrogen in a reformer, and this hydrogen-rich fuel gas is sent to a shift converter to convert carbon monoxide in the fuel gas into carbon dioxide and further convert it into hydrogen. In a power generation device that generates electricity by supplying the fuel gas and oxidant gas to a fuel cell, a gas analyzer is installed in the system connecting the transformer and the fuel cell, and the gas analyzer is A bypass is branched from the system downstream of the gas analyzer to join the exhaust system of the fuel cell, and the flow path is switched between the bypass and the system connecting the transformer and the fuel cell using a signal from the gas analyzer. A fuel cell power generation device characterized in that the power generation device is operated by a valve that is opened and closed. 2. Claim 1, characterized in that the valve is comprised of a valve provided on a bypass and a valve provided downstream of a branch point of the bypass in a system connecting the transformer and the fuel cell. The fuel cell power generation device described. 3. The fuel cell power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the valve is a three-way valve provided at a branch point of a bypass of a system connecting a transformer and a fuel cell. 4. The bypass includes a structure having a flow path volume and flow resistance equal to the flow path volume and flow path resistance, respectively, from the branch point of the bypass through the fuel cell to the confluence point of the bypass. A fuel cell power generation device according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 3.
JP57161391A 1982-09-16 1982-09-16 Power generation system of fuel battery Granted JPS5951480A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP57161391A JPS5951480A (en) 1982-09-16 1982-09-16 Power generation system of fuel battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP57161391A JPS5951480A (en) 1982-09-16 1982-09-16 Power generation system of fuel battery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5951480A JPS5951480A (en) 1984-03-24
JPH0373995B2 true JPH0373995B2 (en) 1991-11-25

Family

ID=15734196

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP57161391A Granted JPS5951480A (en) 1982-09-16 1982-09-16 Power generation system of fuel battery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5951480A (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3840677B2 (en) * 1994-11-02 2006-11-01 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Fuel cell power generator
DE19707814C1 (en) * 1997-02-27 1998-08-20 Dbb Fuel Cell Engines Gmbh Fuel cell power plant
US6063516A (en) * 1997-10-24 2000-05-16 General Motors Corporation Method of monitoring CO concentrations in hydrogen feed to a PEM fuel cell
US6001499A (en) * 1997-10-24 1999-12-14 General Motors Corporation Fuel cell CO sensor
JP2000098075A (en) * 1998-07-23 2000-04-07 Toshiba Corp Combustible gas removal device

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