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JPH0374941B2 - - Google Patents
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JPH0374941B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0374941B2
JPH0374941B2 JP59155185A JP15518584A JPH0374941B2 JP H0374941 B2 JPH0374941 B2 JP H0374941B2 JP 59155185 A JP59155185 A JP 59155185A JP 15518584 A JP15518584 A JP 15518584A JP H0374941 B2 JPH0374941 B2 JP H0374941B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
load
curve
compliance
test piece
displacement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP59155185A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS6134440A (en
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed filed Critical
Priority to JP15518584A priority Critical patent/JPS6134440A/en
Publication of JPS6134440A publication Critical patent/JPS6134440A/en
Publication of JPH0374941B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0374941B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、亀裂等の欠陥を生じた機械、構造物
等がどの程度の外力まで耐えられるかを知るのに
基本となるデータを提供するJ1c破壊靭性試験方
法に関するものである。
[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention provides basic data for determining how much external force a machine, structure, etc. that has defects such as cracks can withstand. J 1c Fracture toughness test method.

〔発明の技術的背景及びその問題点〕[Technical background of the invention and its problems]

機械、構造物等の設計に際しては、使用する材
料の強度特性データ(例えば降伏強度、引張強
度、疲労限度等でいずれも応力により表示され
る。)に基づいて稼動中に生じる応力がこれらの
値を越えないようにしている。
When designing machines, structures, etc., the stress generated during operation is calculated based on the strength characteristic data of the materials used (for example, yield strength, tensile strength, fatigue limit, etc., all of which are expressed as stress). I try not to exceed.

しかし、機械、構造物の部材にかなり大きな欠
陥あるいは亀裂がすでに存在している場合、その
強度が欠陥あるいは亀裂の寸法の増大とともに低
下することは経験により知られている。このよう
な場合の強度特性は、あまり大きな欠陥を含まな
い平滑試験片を用いて測定した前記強度特性デー
タと一致しない。例えば、平滑試験片の引張強度
はA鋼の方がB鋼より高かつたとしても、それぞ
れの材料に同じ寸法の亀裂が存在する場合、破壊
強度はB鋼の方がA鋼よりも高くなることがあ
る。
However, experience has shown that when fairly large defects or cracks are already present in a mechanical or structural component, its strength decreases as the size of the defect or crack increases. The strength properties in such a case do not match the strength property data described above measured using a smooth specimen that does not contain very large defects. For example, even if steel A has a higher tensile strength than steel B for a smooth specimen, if cracks of the same size exist in each material, the fracture strength of steel B will be higher than steel A. Sometimes.

そこで、亀裂等を起点として外力の増加を伴う
ことなく破壊が急速に進行する際、すなわち不安
定破壊が生じる際に材料が示す抵抗値である“破
壊靭性値”から亀裂等の欠陥が生じた材料の破壊
強度を求める試験方法が提案されている。
Therefore, defects such as cracks occur due to the "fracture toughness value", which is the resistance value of the material when fracture progresses rapidly without an increase in external force from a crack etc., that is, when unstable fracture occurs. Test methods have been proposed to determine the fracture strength of materials.

破壊靭性値を“J1c値”により求めるJ1c破壊靭
性試験方法としては、“R曲線法”、“除荷コンプ
ライアンス法”等の方法が知られている。
As the J 1c fracture toughness test method for determining the fracture toughness value using the "J 1c value", methods such as the "R curve method" and the "unloading compliance method" are known.

R曲線法と除荷コンプライアンス法はともに
“R曲線”を求め、このR曲線と鈍化直線とから
J1c値を求める方法であるが、R曲線の求め方が
相違している。
Both the R curve method and the unloading compliance method determine the "R curve", and from this R curve and the blunted straight line,
Although this is a method for determining the J 1c value, the method for determining the R curve is different.

上述のR曲線法ではR曲線を求めるのに多数の
試験片を必要とし、手間がかかるが、除荷コンプ
ライアンス法では一本の試験片の荷重・変位曲線
から亀裂成長量を間接的に測定しR曲線を求める
ため、試験時間の大幅な短縮を図ることができ
る。
The above-mentioned R curve method requires a large number of test pieces to obtain the R curve, which is time-consuming, but the unloading compliance method indirectly measures the amount of crack growth from the load/displacement curve of a single test piece. Since the R curve is determined, the test time can be significantly shortened.

この除荷コンプライアンス法によれば、理想亀
裂が入つた例えばコンパクト試験片(以下CT試
験片と略記する。第2図参照)に所定の変位レベ
ルまで荷重を作用した後、荷重をわずかに除荷
し、その際の荷重・変位曲線の傾き(コンプライ
アンス)を求める。この操作を複数回繰返すこと
により、一本のCT試験片から一連のコンプライ
アンスを求め(第6図参照)、このコンプライア
ンスから計算によつて亀裂成長量を求める。
According to this unloading compliance method, after applying a load to a predetermined displacement level on, for example, a compact test piece (hereinafter abbreviated as CT test piece, see Figure 2) with an ideal crack, the load is slightly unloaded. Then, find the slope (compliance) of the load/displacement curve at that time. By repeating this operation multiple times, a series of compliances are obtained from one CT specimen (see Figure 6), and the amount of crack growth is calculated from this compliance.

従来、除荷コンプライアンス法によりコンプラ
イアンスを求めるのに、第6図の荷重・変位曲線
を示すグラフのX軸のあたるCOD(開口変位、第
2図参照)をほぼ等間隔に分割して、n=1,
2,……K,K+1,……nの各測定点でコンプ
ライアンスを求めていた。
Conventionally, to determine compliance using the unloading compliance method, the COD (opening displacement, see Figure 2), which is on the X axis of the graph showing the load/displacement curve in Figure 6, is divided into approximately equal intervals and n= 1,
Compliance was determined at each measurement point of 2,...K, K+1,...n.

しかし、R曲線を求めるのにもととなるコンプ
ライアンスは、不安定破壊域で求めたコンプライ
アンスである。
However, the compliance that is the basis for determining the R curve is the compliance determined in the unstable fracture region.

したがつて、荷重・変位曲線が第7図に示すよ
うな場合には問題がないものの、第8図に示すよ
うな場合には測定点が少なく、正確なR曲線を求
めることができない問題があつた。また、安定破
壊域では亀裂をある程度成長させないと金属分子
間の再生現象を加工硬化によりコンプライアンス
が正確に求められない。このため、安定破壊域に
おいて短間隔で測定点を数多くとつても正確なデ
ータが得られず、あまり意味のない部分での測定
に多くの時間がとられる結果となる問題もあつ
た。
Therefore, there is no problem when the load/displacement curve is as shown in Figure 7, but when it is as shown in Figure 8, there are fewer measurement points and there is a problem that an accurate R curve cannot be determined. It was hot. In addition, in the stable fracture region, compliance cannot be accurately determined by work hardening due to the regeneration phenomenon between metal molecules unless cracks are allowed to grow to a certain extent. For this reason, there was a problem in that accurate data could not be obtained even if many measurement points were taken at short intervals in the stable fracture region, resulting in a large amount of time being spent on measurements in meaningless areas.

〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

本発明は上記事情に鑑みてなされたもので、そ
の目的とするところは、短時間で正確なR曲線
(J1c値)を求めることができるJ1c破壊靭性試験方
法を提供することである。
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a J 1c fracture toughness test method that can obtain an accurate R curve (J 1c value) in a short time.

〔問題点を解決するための手段〕[Means for solving problems]

本発明は上記目的を達成するため、“除荷コン
プライアンス法”により“J1c値”を求めるJ1c
壊靭性試験方法において、コンプライアンスの測
定点を、荷重・変位曲線の最大値に至る前の領域
よりも後の領域で数多く設けることを特徴として
いる。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses the J 1c fracture toughness test method to determine the "J 1c value" using the "unloading compliance method" by setting the compliance measurement point to the area before reaching the maximum value of the load/displacement curve. It is characterized by the fact that it is provided in large numbers in later areas.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

以下本発明の一実施例を図面を参照して説明す
る。
An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

第1図は本発明の試験方法を実施する装置を示
している。図中符号1はCT試験片、2は変位計、
3はロードセル、4はX−Y記録計、5はアクチ
ユエータ、6は制御部である。
FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for carrying out the test method of the invention. In the figure, code 1 is a CT test piece, 2 is a displacement meter,
3 is a load cell, 4 is an X-Y recorder, 5 is an actuator, and 6 is a control section.

CT試験片1の一側縁には開口部1aが設けら
れていて、該開口部1aに予め理想亀裂1bが入
つている。なお、CT試験片1以外に三点曲げ法
で用いる理想亀裂の入つた試験片を使用してもよ
い。
An opening 1a is provided at one side edge of the CT test piece 1, and an ideal crack 1b is previously formed in the opening 1a. In addition to CT test piece 1, a test piece with an ideal crack used in the three-point bending method may be used.

変位計2はCODを測定するもので、例えばク
リツプゲージからなる。
The displacement meter 2 measures COD and is made of, for example, a clip gauge.

ロードセル3は、アクチユエータ5によりCT
試験片1に作用する荷重を検出する。
The load cell 3 is controlled by the actuator 5.
Detect the load acting on the test piece 1.

X−Y記録計4は、変位計2とロードセル3か
ら変位信号、荷重信号を入力して荷重・荷重変位
曲線を記録する。
The X-Y recorder 4 inputs displacement signals and load signals from the displacement meter 2 and load cell 3 and records a load/load displacement curve.

制御部6は、第5図に示すフローチヤートにし
たがつてアクチユエータ5を制御する。
The control unit 6 controls the actuator 5 according to the flowchart shown in FIG.

次に上記装置を使用して本実施例の試験方法を
説明する。
Next, the test method of this example will be explained using the above device.

CT試験片1と同じ材料からなる理想亀裂の入
つた同形同大の試験片を用いて荷重・変位曲線を
求め、該荷重・変位曲線の最大値に至る前の領域
をn1ピツチ間隔でコンプライアンスの測定点n=
1,……,Kを設定し、また最大値の後の領域を
n2ピツチ間隔でコンプライアンスの測定点n=K
+1,……,nを設定する。
A load/displacement curve is obtained using a test piece of the same shape and size with an ideal crack made of the same material as CT test piece 1, and the area before reaching the maximum value of the load/displacement curve is measured at n 1 pitch intervals. Compliance measurement point n=
1,...,K, and the area after the maximum value
Compliance measurement points n = K at 2- pitch intervals
Set +1,...,n.

このようにしてから、アクチユエータ5を動作
させてCT試験片1に荷重を作用させる。このと
き、ロードセル3により荷重を検出し、また変位
計2によりCODを検出して、X−Y記録計4に
より第3図に示すような荷重・変位曲線を記録す
る。
After doing this, the actuator 5 is operated to apply a load to the CT specimen 1. At this time, the load cell 3 detects the load, the displacement meter 2 detects the COD, and the X-Y recorder 4 records a load/displacement curve as shown in FIG.

最大値(最大荷重)に至る前ではn1ピツチ間隔
における各測定点n=1,……,Kで除荷し、最
大値の後ではn2ピツチ間隔における各測定点n=
K+1,……,nで除荷する。この除荷に際して
は、応力緩和にあわせて除荷してもよいが、応力
緩和の影響がコンプライアンスの測定誤差以下に
なつたとき、すなわち応力緩和が無視し得るまで
待つてから一気に除荷する。このようにした方
が、短時間で正確なコンプライアンスを求めるこ
とができる。
Before the maximum value (maximum load) is reached, the load is unloaded at each measurement point n = 1 , ..., K at an interval of n 1 pitches, and after the maximum value, the load is unloaded at each measurement point n = 1, ..., K at an interval of n 2 pitches.
Unload at K+1,...,n. When unloading, the load may be unloaded in accordance with the stress relaxation, but the load is removed all at once after waiting until the influence of the stress relaxation becomes less than the compliance measurement error, that is, until the stress relaxation can be ignored. In this way, accurate compliance can be obtained in a shorter time.

上述のようにして、n=1,K,K+1,……
nの各点でのコンプライアンスCoを求め、これ
を“Saxinaの式” ao=Aa+Baf1(Ks・Co)+…… なお、Aa,Ba…は係数 Ksは材料定数 に代入して得た亀裂長さの演算値aoに基づいて亀
裂成長量Δaを算出する。
As described above, n=1, K, K+1,...
Find the compliance C o at each point of n and use it as “Saxina's formula” a o = Aa + Baf 1 (Ks・C o ) +... Note that Aa, Ba... are coefficients and Ks is obtained by substituting the material constant. The crack growth amount Δa is calculated based on the calculated value a o of the crack length.

Δa=ao−ap(apは荷重の作用点から理想亀裂1
b先端までの距離) =Aa+Baf1(Kf・Co)+…… −Aa+Baf1(Kf・Cp)+…… =Baf1Kf(Co−Cp)+…… また、ao,Ao(Aoは第3図の曲線で囲まれた面
積)からJoを算出する。
Δa=a o −a p (a p is the ideal crack 1 from the load application point
distance to the tip of b) =Aa+Baf 1 (Kf・C o )+…… −Aa+Baf 1 (Kf・C p )+…… =Baf 1 Kf(C o −C p )+…… Also, a o , A Calculate J o from o (A o is the area surrounded by the curve in Figure 3).

Jo=Ao/Bbf(ao/W) なお、Bbは係数である。 J o =A o /Bbf (a o /W) Note that Bb is a coefficient.

この後、亀裂成長量ΔaとJ積分の関係をプロ
ツトすることによりR曲線を求め、また鈍化直線
(J=2δfs・Δa、δfsは有効降伏強度である。)を
求めて、これらR曲線と鈍化直線との交点から
“J1c値”を求める(第4図参照)。
After this, the R curve is obtained by plotting the relationship between the crack growth amount Δa and the J integral, and the blunting straight line (J = 2δfs・Δa, δfs is the effective yield strength) is obtained, and these R curves and the blunting line are obtained. Find the "J 1c value" from the intersection with the straight line (see Figure 4).

なお、上記実施例では、制御部6によりアクチ
ユエータ5を自動制御した場合を示したが、手動
操作で行うようにしてもよい。
In addition, although the said Example showed the case where the actuator 5 was automatically controlled by the control part 6, it may be made to perform by manual operation.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

以上説明したように本発明によれば、コンプラ
イアンスの測定点を、荷重・変位曲線の最大値に
至る前の領域よりも最大値の後の領域で数多く設
けるので、R曲線を求めるのに必要なコンプライ
アンスの測定点が多くとれ、このため等間隔に測
定点をとる従来の場合に比して一連のコンプライ
アンスの測定に際しその測定時間の短縮を図るこ
とができる上に、正確なR曲線が得られ、正確な
“J1c値”を求めることができる。
As explained above, according to the present invention, more compliance measurement points are provided in the area after the maximum value of the load/displacement curve than in the area before reaching the maximum value, so that the compliance measurement points required to determine the R curve are A large number of compliance measurement points can be taken, which makes it possible to shorten the measurement time when performing a series of compliance measurements, as well as to obtain an accurate R curve, compared to the conventional method where measurement points are taken at equal intervals. , it is possible to obtain an accurate “J 1c value”.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は本発明の方法を実施する装置の一例を
示すブロツク図、第2図は試験片の拡大斜視図、
第3図は荷重・変位曲線を示すグラフ、第4図は
R曲線と鈍化直線とから“J1c値”を求める方法
を説明するグラフ、第5図はアクチユエータの動
作を示すフロチヤート、第6図は従来の方法での
コンプライアンスの測定点を説明する説明図、第
7,8図は荷重・変位曲線を示すグラフである。 1…CT試験片、1b…理想亀裂、2…変位計、
3…ロードセル、4…X−Y記録計、5…アクチ
ユエータ、6…制御部。
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of an apparatus for implementing the method of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a test piece,
Figure 3 is a graph showing the load/displacement curve, Figure 4 is a graph explaining how to determine the "J 1c value" from the R curve and the blunted line, Figure 5 is a graph showing the operation of the actuator, and Figure 6 is a graph showing the operation of the actuator. is an explanatory diagram illustrating compliance measurement points in the conventional method, and FIGS. 7 and 8 are graphs showing load/displacement curves. 1...CT test piece, 1b...ideal crack, 2...displacement meter,
3... Load cell, 4... X-Y recorder, 5... Actuator, 6... Control unit.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 理想亀裂が入つた試験片に所定の変位レベル
まで荷重を作用した後、前記試験片に作用する荷
重を僅かに除荷し、その際の荷重・変位曲線の傾
きからJ1c値を求めるJ1c破壊靭性試験方法におい
て、 コンプライアンスの測定点における前記除荷を
前記所定の変位レベルを保持した状態での応力緩
和がほぼ無視し得る程度まで前記試験片に作用す
る荷重が減少した後に開始するようにし、かつ、
測定点を荷重・変位曲線の最大値に到る前の領域
よりも最大値の後の領域で数多く設けたことを特
徴とするJ1c破壊靭性試験方法。
[Claims] 1. After applying a load to a test piece with ideal cracks up to a predetermined displacement level, the load acting on the test piece is slightly unloaded, and the slope of the load/displacement curve at that time is calculated. In the J 1c fracture toughness test method for determining the J 1c value, the load acting on the test piece is such that the unloading at the compliance measurement point is such that stress relaxation while maintaining the predetermined displacement level is almost negligible. start after the decrease, and
A J 1c fracture toughness test method characterized by providing more measurement points in the area after the maximum value of the load/displacement curve than in the area before reaching the maximum value.
JP15518584A 1984-07-27 1984-07-27 J1c fracture-toughness testing method Granted JPS6134440A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP15518584A JPS6134440A (en) 1984-07-27 1984-07-27 J1c fracture-toughness testing method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP15518584A JPS6134440A (en) 1984-07-27 1984-07-27 J1c fracture-toughness testing method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6134440A JPS6134440A (en) 1986-02-18
JPH0374941B2 true JPH0374941B2 (en) 1991-11-28

Family

ID=15600338

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP15518584A Granted JPS6134440A (en) 1984-07-27 1984-07-27 J1c fracture-toughness testing method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS6134440A (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009124422A1 (en) * 2008-04-11 2009-10-15 北京联合大学 A dual-elastic moduli method of material's load deformation curve where the primary line being very short
CN104458562B (en) * 2014-11-28 2017-02-22 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 Measuring method for opening stress of crack
CN109323921B (en) * 2018-08-16 2021-04-02 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 Method for rapidly testing fracture toughness resistance curve of metal material

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS614939A (en) * 1984-06-20 1986-01-10 Saginomiya Seisakusho Inc J1c fracture toughness testing method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6134440A (en) 1986-02-18

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