JPH0375170B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0375170B2 JPH0375170B2 JP59127179A JP12717984A JPH0375170B2 JP H0375170 B2 JPH0375170 B2 JP H0375170B2 JP 59127179 A JP59127179 A JP 59127179A JP 12717984 A JP12717984 A JP 12717984A JP H0375170 B2 JPH0375170 B2 JP H0375170B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- simulator
- specific gravity
- phantom
- polyurethane resin
- radiation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- Nuclear Medicine (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
(イ) 産業上の利用分野
本発明は放射線用フアントムに関するものであ
る。[Detailed Description of the Invention] (a) Industrial Application Field The present invention relates to a radiation phantom.
(ロ) 従来技術
光子を放出するPu、 241Am、 93mNb等の放射
性核種の生体内沈着量を測定する際、較正の基準
となるフアントムを必要とする。(b) Prior art When measuring the amount of radionuclides that emit photons, such as Pu, 241 Am, and 93m Nb, deposited in a living body, a phantom is required as a standard for calibration.
従来より、この種のフアントムはいくつか開発
され、その一つとしてポリウレタン樹脂を基材と
し、この基材に目標とする人体組織ないし臓器に
応じて異なる量の炭酸カルシウムの粉末を添加し
たものを素材とするフアントムが提案されてい
る。しかし、この素材は添加剤としての炭酸カル
シウムが粉末で比重が比較的大きい（2.710）た
め、基材の樹脂中で沈降して均等に分散しにく
く、局部的に異なる可能性が極めて高い。従つ
て、添加後の素材の比重を人体各部の組織の比重
に近似させるための微細な調節が極めて困難であ
り、部分的に放射線の線減弱係数が異なるおそれ
がある。 Several phantoms of this type have been developed in the past, one of which uses a polyurethane resin as a base material to which calcium carbonate powder is added in different amounts depending on the target human tissue or organ. A Phantom material has been proposed. However, since the calcium carbonate additive in this material is a powder and has a relatively high specific gravity (2.710), it settles in the base resin and is difficult to disperse evenly, making it extremely likely that local differences will occur. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to finely adjust the specific gravity of the material after addition to approximate the specific gravity of tissues in various parts of the human body, and there is a risk that the linear attenuation coefficient of radiation may differ locally.
(ハ) 目的
本発明は以上の点にかんがみ、目的とする人体
各部の組織に等価な放射線特性（吸収散乱等）を
有する放射線用フアントムを提供することを目的
とする。生体組織における放射線特性、主として
線減弱係数（＝密度×質量吸収係数）に近似する
素材を得る方法の一つとしては、比重および線減
弱係数が生体各部の組織のそれに近似する素材を
得ることである。(c) Purpose In view of the above points, it is an object of the present invention to provide a radiation phantom having radiation characteristics (absorption and scattering, etc.) equivalent to the target tissues of various parts of the human body. One way to obtain a material that approximates the radiation characteristics of living tissue, mainly the linear attenuation coefficient (=density x mass absorption coefficient), is to obtain a material whose specific gravity and linear attenuation coefficient approximate those of the tissues of various parts of the living body. be.
(ニ) 構成
本発明のフアントムはポリウレタン樹脂にリン
酸エステル類化合物を添加した素材によつて形成
される。リン酸エステル類化合物の添加量は、目
的とする生体組織に応じて各生体組織の線減弱係
数に近似する素材が得られるように、ポリウレタ
ン樹脂に対し0.1％〜10数％の範囲内で選定され
る。(d) Structure The phantom of the present invention is formed from a material obtained by adding a phosphoric acid ester compound to a polyurethane resin. The amount of phosphate ester compound added is selected within the range of 0.1% to several 10% of the polyurethane resin, so that a material that approximates the linear attenuation coefficient of each biological tissue can be obtained depending on the target biological tissue. be done.
例えば人間の生体の筋肉は比重1.04〜1.06であ
り、線減弱係数は例えばエネルギーが16.6KeVの
とき1.153cm-1である。本発明により、比重と元
素組成が人体のそれに近いポリウレタン樹脂にリ
ン酸エステル類化合物、例えば（C2H4CLO）3PO
を8.2％添加した場合、この素材は比重が1.067で
線減弱係数が1.132cm-1であり生体筋肉組織の比
重および線減弱係数によく近似している。また、
ポリウレタン樹脂に上記リン酸エステル類化合物
を９％添加すれば、素材の比重は1.071、線減弱
係数は1.183cm-1となり生体助軟骨の比重1.10およ
び線減弱係数1.219cm-1に近似する。さらに、上
記リン酸エステル類化合物を１％含むポリウレタ
ン樹脂の４倍発泡体は比重が0.280、線減弱係数
が0.19cm-1となり、生体の肺臓のそれに近似す
る。 For example, human body muscle has a specific gravity of 1.04 to 1.06, and the linear attenuation coefficient is, for example, 1.153 cm -1 when the energy is 16.6 KeV. According to the present invention, a phosphate ester compound, for example (C 2 H 4 CLO) 3 PO, is added to a polyurethane resin whose specific gravity and elemental composition are close to those of the human body.
When 8.2% is added, this material has a specific gravity of 1.067 and a linear attenuation coefficient of 1.132 cm -1 , which closely approximates the specific gravity and linear attenuation coefficient of biological muscle tissue. Also,
If 9% of the above phosphoric acid ester compound is added to the polyurethane resin, the specific gravity of the material will be 1.071 and the linear attenuation coefficient will be 1.183 cm -1 , which approximates the specific gravity of 1.10 and linear attenuation coefficient of 1.219 cm -1 of living auxiliary cartilage. Furthermore, the 4-fold foam of polyurethane resin containing 1% of the phosphoric acid ester compound has a specific gravity of 0.280 and a linear attenuation coefficient of 0.19 cm -1 , which are close to those of the lungs of a living body.
従つて本発明によれば、目的とする生体部位な
いし器官の比重と線減弱係数を知り、この比重お
よび線減弱係数と同一または近似する比重および
線減弱係数が得られるような量のリン酸エステル
類化合物を添加したポリウレタン樹脂を素材とし
て使用することにより当該生体部位ないし器官に
比重および線減弱係数、従つて放射線特性が近似
するフアントムを得ることができる。 Therefore, according to the present invention, the specific gravity and linear attenuation coefficient of the target biological part or organ are known, and the amount of phosphoric ester that can obtain the specific gravity and linear attenuation coefficient that are the same as or close to the specific gravity and linear attenuation coefficient is determined. By using a polyurethane resin to which similar compounds have been added as a material, it is possible to obtain a phantom whose specific gravity, linear attenuation coefficient, and therefore radiation characteristics are similar to those of the relevant biological part or organ.
(ニ) 実施例
次に上記のような素材を使用して人体に模して
作製した具体的なフアントムの例を説明する。(d) Example Next, a specific example of a phantom made to resemble a human body using the above-mentioned materials will be described.
このフアントムは首から上、両腕、両脚の大腿
部中央以下を除いた人間のほぼ胴体全体に模して
作られ、ほぼ胸部に対応する上方部分（胸部模擬
体）１０、腹部上半に対応する中央部分１１、下
腹部以下に対応する下方部分１２の三つの部分か
ら構成されている。これら三部分１０，１１，１
２は中央部分１１および下方部分１２の上面の突
起１３（第４図）とそれぞれ上方部分１０および
中央部分１１の下面に突設した対応する孔（図示
略）とによつて結合分離自在となつている。 This Phantom is made to imitate almost the entire human torso, excluding the area above the neck, both arms, and both legs below the center of the thigh. It is composed of three parts: a corresponding central part 11 and a lower part 12 corresponding to the lower abdomen and below. These three parts 10, 11, 1
2 can be freely connected and separated by projections 13 (FIG. 4) on the upper surfaces of the central portion 11 and the lower portion 12 and corresponding holes (not shown) protruding from the lower surfaces of the upper portion 10 and the central portion 11, respectively. ing.
１４は胸部および腹部前面の脂肪、筋肉および
皮膚を包括的に模した体壁模擬体で、カバー状に
上方部分１０、中央部分１１の前面を覆つて取り
外し可能に取り付けられる。体壁模擬体１４は、
人間の筋肉や脂肪層の個体差に応じて、放射線特
性（線減弱係数）の異なるものを複数個用意して
交換使用できるようにするのが望ましい。 Reference numeral 14 denotes a body wall simulator that comprehensively simulates the fat, muscles, and skin of the front of the chest and abdomen, and is removably attached to cover the front surfaces of the upper portion 10 and the central portion 11 in the form of a cover. The body wall simulator 14 is
It is desirable to prepare a plurality of devices with different radiation characteristics (linear attenuation coefficients) so that they can be used interchangeably, depending on individual differences in human muscle and fat layers.
１５は、上方部分１０に埋設した胸部骨格を模
した骨格模擬体で、助軟骨の模擬体１５ａを含
む。 Reference numeral 15 denotes a skeletal simulator imitating a thoracic skeleton embedded in the upper portion 10, and includes a auxiliary cartilage simulator 15a.
１０ａは上方部分（胸部模擬体）１０の前面部
分を切り離して着脱自在となした蓋である。上方
部分１０の内部には空洞１０ｂが形成され、この
空洞１０ｂ内に両肺臓の模擬体１６ａ，１６ｂ、
心臓の模擬体１７が取り出し可能に収容設置さ
れ、中央部分１１の上面には肝臓の模擬体１８が
一体的に隆設されている。 Reference numeral 10a denotes a lid that is detachable by separating the front part of the upper part (chest simulator) 10. A cavity 10b is formed inside the upper part 10, and inside this cavity 10b, both lung simulants 16a, 16b,
A heart simulator 17 is removably housed, and a liver simulator 18 is integrally provided on the upper surface of the central portion 11.
上記上方部分１０、中央部分１１、下方部分１
２は既述の生体筋肉に対応する素材すなわちリン
酸エステル類化合物8.2％を混入したポリウレタ
ン樹脂によつて形成される。骨格模擬体１５は人
骨によつて作られるのが望ましいが、類似の材料
で作つてもよい。肺臓模擬体１６ａ，１６ｂは既
述量のリン酸エステル類化合物を含む発泡ポリウ
レタン樹脂で作られ、また心臓模擬体１７、肝臓
模擬体１８もそれぞれの生体の臓器と同一または
近似する比重および線減弱係数が得られる量のリ
ン酸エステル類化合物を混合したポリウレタン樹
脂を素材として作られる。 Above upper part 10, middle part 11, lower part 1
2 is made of a material compatible with the aforementioned biological muscles, that is, a polyurethane resin mixed with 8.2% of a phosphoric acid ester compound. Skeletal simulant 15 is preferably made of human bone, but may be made of similar materials. The lung simulators 16a and 16b are made of foamed polyurethane resin containing the above-mentioned amount of phosphate ester compounds, and the heart simulator 17 and liver simulator 18 also have specific gravity and linear attenuation that are the same or similar to those of the respective biological organs. It is made from polyurethane resin mixed with an amount of phosphoric acid ester compound that provides the desired coefficient.
内臓模擬体は表面を特定な色に塗装して識別を
容易にしてもよい。また内臓模擬体には放射性物
質を収容したカプセルを挿入するための適当な数
の孔（図示省略）が穿設されている。 The surface of the internal organ simulator may be painted a specific color to facilitate identification. The internal organ simulator is also provided with an appropriate number of holes (not shown) for inserting capsules containing radioactive substances.
体壁模擬体１４は異なる量の脂肪組織を含む筋
肉組織に対応すべく異なる量のリン酸エステル類
化合物を含むポリウレタン樹脂によつて複数個を
作製しておいて交換択一的に使用する。 A plurality of body wall simulators 14 are manufactured from polyurethane resin containing different amounts of phosphate ester compounds in order to correspond to different amounts of muscle tissue including fat tissue, and are used interchangeably.
なお、図示例においては人体フアントムを三つ
の部分によつて構成したがこの構成に限定される
ものではなく、二つの部分から構成してもよい
し、また胸部模擬体１０のみであつてもよい。 In the illustrated example, the human body phantom is composed of three parts, but the structure is not limited to this, and it may be composed of two parts or only the chest simulator 10. .
また収容される内臓模擬体も図示のものに限ら
れない。 Furthermore, the internal organ simulators to be accommodated are not limited to those shown.
図示のフアントムを使用するには内臓模擬体の
孔に線源を挿入して密封し各部を組立てて表面か
らの放射線量を測定すればよい。 To use the illustrated phantom, it is sufficient to insert a radiation source into the hole of the internal organ simulator, seal it, assemble each part, and measure the radiation dose from the surface.
(ホ) 効果
以上のように、本発明のフアントムは人の生体
組織に等価ないし極めて近似した放射線特性を有
するので、このフアントムによる放射線の測定デ
ータに基づき生体内における放射線核種の沈着量
の測定を正確に行なうことができる。また、本発
明のフアントムは比重および線減弱係数のみなら
ず具体的形態をも人体の実際の生体組織または器
官と近似させたのでより正確な測定データを得る
ことができる。さらに、体壁模擬体として線減弱
係数の異なるものを複数個用意して交換使用でき
るようにすれば、筋肉や脂肪層の個体差に応じた
正確な測定データを得ることができる。(E) Effect As described above, since the phantom of the present invention has radiation characteristics that are equivalent to or extremely similar to human biological tissue, it is possible to measure the amount of radionuclides deposited in the living body based on radiation measurement data by this phantom. Can be done accurately. Further, since the phantom of the present invention approximates not only the specific gravity and linear attenuation coefficient but also the specific form to the actual living tissue or organ of the human body, more accurate measurement data can be obtained. Furthermore, if a plurality of body wall simulators with different linear attenuation coefficients are prepared and used interchangeably, accurate measurement data can be obtained in accordance with individual differences in muscle and fat layers.
なお、本発明は主として光子の低エネルギー領
域（10〜150KeV）を対象とするものであるが、
高エネルギー領域（150KeV以上）においてもリ
ン酸エステル類化合物の量を変更することによつ
て実施可能である。 Although the present invention mainly targets the low energy region of photons (10 to 150 KeV),
It can also be carried out in a high energy region (150 KeV or higher) by changing the amount of phosphate ester compound.
第１図は本発明による人体を模したフアントム
の斜視図、第２図、第３図、第４図、第５図はそ
れぞれ第１図のフアントムを分解して示す図であ
る。
１０……胸部模擬体、１０ａ……胸部模擬体の
蓋、１０ｂ……空洞、１４……体壁模擬体、１５
……骨格模擬体、１６ａ，１６ｂ……肺臓模擬
体、１７……心臓模擬体、１８……肝臓模擬体。
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a phantom imitating a human body according to the present invention, and FIGS. 2, 3, 4, and 5 are exploded views of the phantom shown in FIG. 1, respectively. 10... Chest simulator, 10a... Chest simulator lid, 10b... Cavity, 14... Body wall simulator, 15
... Skeleton simulator, 16a, 16b... Lung simulator, 17... Heart simulator, 18... Liver simulator.
Claims (1)
とともに胸部骨格を模した骨格模擬体を含む上半
身模擬体と、 この上半身模擬体の空洞内に着脱自在に収容さ
れ人体の上半身の内蔵の少なくとも一種を模した
内蔵模擬体と、 前記上半身模擬体の前面に択一的に交換可能に
装着される人体の体壁を模した複数個の体壁模擬
体と、 からなり、 前記模擬体のそれぞれを、ポリウレタン樹脂に
異なる量のリン酸エステル類化合物を混合するこ
とにより対応する生体の組織または器官の比重と
同一または近似する比重をもたせ、かつ放射線に
対する特性が前記組織または器官と等価ならしめ
た素材によつて形成したことを特徴とする放射線
用フアントム。 ２ 脂肪組織の割合が異なる生体の軟組織に対応
させるべく前記複数個の体壁模擬体を、ポリウレ
タン樹脂に異なる量のリン酸エステル類化合物を
加えることにより作製し、脂肪量の変動に伴う較
正を可能とした特許請求の範囲第１項に記載の放
射線用フアントム。[Scope of Claims] 1. An upper body simulator that substantially imitates the upper body of a human body and has a cavity inside and includes a skeletal simulator that imitates a thoracic skeleton; A built-in simulator that imitates at least one type of internal organs in the upper body; and a plurality of body wall simulators that imitate human body walls that are alternatively and replaceably attached to the front of the upper body simulator, Each of the simulants is made to have a specific gravity that is the same as or similar to that of the corresponding tissue or organ of a living body by mixing different amounts of phosphate ester compounds with a polyurethane resin, and has characteristics against radiation that are similar to the specific gravity of the tissue or organ of the corresponding living body. A radiation phantom characterized by being formed from a material made equivalent to . 2. In order to correspond to the soft tissues of living organisms with different proportions of adipose tissue, the plurality of body wall simulants were created by adding different amounts of phosphate ester compounds to polyurethane resin, and calibration was performed in accordance with changes in the amount of fat. A radiation phantom according to claim 1, in which the radiation phantom is enabled.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59127179A JPS615834A (en) | 1984-06-19 | 1984-06-19 | Phantom for radioactive rays |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59127179A JPS615834A (en) | 1984-06-19 | 1984-06-19 | Phantom for radioactive rays |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS615834A JPS615834A (en) | 1986-01-11 |
| JPH0375170B2 true JPH0375170B2 (en) | 1991-11-29 |
Family
ID=14953624
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59127179A Granted JPS615834A (en) | 1984-06-19 | 1984-06-19 | Phantom for radioactive rays |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS615834A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5312035B2 (en) * | 2006-10-25 | 2013-10-09 | 株式会社朝日Ｆｒ研究所 | Whole body phantom and manufacturing method thereof |
| US9965976B2 (en) | 2014-11-27 | 2018-05-08 | Accuthera Inc. | Multi-cellular phantom, phantom control system, and phantom control method |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0458214U (en) * | 1990-09-21 | 1992-05-19 | ||
| ES2299352B1 (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2009-02-16 | Centro De Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales Y Tecnologias (C.I.E.M.A.T). | DETECTOR OR POLYMORPHIC MANNEQUIN FOR THE DETECTION OF ENERGETIC PARTICLES COMPOSED OF INDIVIDUAL PARTS. |
| JP2013143971A (en) * | 2010-04-07 | 2013-07-25 | Tohoku Univ | Internal dose monitoring apparatus and method, and high-accuracy radiotherapy system |
| JP5955922B2 (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2016-07-20 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | Polyurethane resin for water equivalent phantom materials |
| JP6360425B2 (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2018-07-18 | 日本メジフィジックス株式会社 | Brain phantom and middle / diencephalon phantom |
| WO2016181703A1 (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2016-11-17 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | Polyurethane resin for water equivalent phantom material |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS52100785A (en) * | 1976-02-19 | 1977-08-24 | Taisei Porimaa Kk | Compensating plate for treating radiation or phantom for measuring absorption ray |
| US4055771A (en) * | 1976-10-26 | 1977-10-25 | Alderson Research Laboratories, Inc. | Test body for a scanning tomographic analytical apparatus |
| JPS55129036A (en) * | 1979-03-26 | 1980-10-06 | Asahi Dow Ltd | Phantom for disnosing reflection |
| DE3341039A1 (en) * | 1982-11-30 | 1984-05-30 | Elias A. 23455 Virginia Beach Va. Zerhouni | Radiographic test phantom for analytical computed tomography of small nodules in the lungs |
-
1984
- 1984-06-19 JP JP59127179A patent/JPS615834A/en active Granted
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5312035B2 (en) * | 2006-10-25 | 2013-10-09 | 株式会社朝日Ｆｒ研究所 | Whole body phantom and manufacturing method thereof |
| US9965976B2 (en) | 2014-11-27 | 2018-05-08 | Accuthera Inc. | Multi-cellular phantom, phantom control system, and phantom control method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS615834A (en) | 1986-01-11 |
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