JPH0377299B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a method for producing marine materials with excellent anti-algae properties. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing fishery materials such as nets and rope-like materials that have excellent anti-algae properties. [Background Art] In recent years, aquaculture and cultivation and fishing have been rapidly promoted, but as these businesses expand, many problems are becoming clear. For example, with fixed fishing nets and aquaculture fishing nets that are dropped into the sea for long periods of time, large amounts of shellfish and algae adhere to the surface of the materials as they are used. Various problems were occurring, such as poor growth of fish, disease and death due to lack of oxygen, and nets being washed away and damaged by tidal currents and wave resistance. In order to prevent these drawbacks, conventionally,
The main countermeasure that has been taken is to apply highly toxic fishing net antifoulants commonly called "marine herbicides", such as chemicals whose main ingredients are organic tin, copper, zinc, cadmium, mercury, etc., to the nets. It was hot. However, the use of such chemicals causes the occurrence of deformed fish, the accumulation of chemicals inside the fish body, which has a negative impact on humans, and even inhibits the normal growth of algae and shellfish in the surrounding clean waters. This caused the so-called isoyaki phenomenon, which also hindered the normal reproduction of seafood. ``Problems to be Solved by the Invention'' In view of the above-mentioned points, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing marine materials that are non-polluting and have excellent properties for preventing adhesion of algae and shellfish. It is something. [Means for Solving the Problems] The method for producing marine materials of the present invention that achieves the above-mentioned object uses at least one decorative yarn having raised fluff, which is a bundle of fine fibers of 5 denier or less. This is a method for producing fishery materials with excellent algae-proofing properties, which is characterized in that a plurality of threads are tied together using a method of threading, and the threads that have been threaded are subjected to a net-making process or a rope-making process. Further, in a preferred embodiment of the method for producing marine materials of the present invention, a plurality of yarns are combined by using at least one decorative yarn with raised fluff that is a bundle of fine fibers of 5 deniers or less. Thread,
First twisting is applied, and then at least two or more of the first twisted processed yarns are combined and final twisted to form a string-like object, and then the string-like object is subjected to a net making process or a rope forming process. This is a method of providing In addition, the design yarn is formed from a chenille yarn structure, and the fine fibers that make up the nape are
1.5 denier or less; and/or the fine fibers constituting the napped fibers are formed from thinnable conjugate fibers; and/or the fine fibers constituting the napped fibers have crimps or are latent. It is a fine fiber that has crimp ability. [Function] Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail. It is said that algae and shellfish have difficulty adhering to relatively soft objects, smooth objects with few surface irregularities, or objects that are easily shaken. The present inventors have researched how to artificially produce fisheries materials with such properties, and in particular, have investigated the shape of the substrate surface and the adhesion status of algae and shellfish spores, zoospores, and larvae. In the process of studying this, we discovered a manufacturing method for fisheries materials that achieves revolutionary algae- and shellfish-proofing effects by coating the surface of materials such as net-like materials and rope-like materials with fine fibers. This is what we discovered. In order to cover the surface of the material with the napping of the fine fibers mentioned above, at least one or more design yarns with napping formed in the form of bundles of fine fibers are used, and a plurality of yarns are combined together. It is effective to subject the yarn to a net-making process or a rope-processing process. In this way, the use of one or more design yarns with raised naps in the form of bundles of fine fibers increases the nap density,
This is important for increasing the number of pilasters, arranging the pilasters over the entire area, and increasing the strength of the final product. Here, in the present invention, the design yarn with raised naps is commonly called chenille yarn (otherwise known as mole yarn or caterpillar yarn), odd yarn, decorative yarn,
It is a general term for fluffy yarn, bouclé yarn, etc. Therefore, the form of raised hair includes cut pile raised hair, loop pile raised hair, or a combination of these raised forms, and in the present invention, the form with such raised hair is considered to be more important than the magnitude of the design effect. , and it is important to try to obtain the desired effect based on the thread structure. In addition, raised hair in the form of a bundle of fine fibers refers to a state in which single fibers of 5 deniers or less are tightly packed together in a bundle, or a bundle of single fibers with a base of 5 deniers or less and directed toward the tip. A so-called brush that used to have a dense presence of single filament naps, or a thick denier single fiber at the base or a bunch of thick tip filaments divided into fine fibers of 5 denier or less at the tip. It refers to the state of piloerection, and even the state of piloerection caused by a combination of these.
The denier (fineness) of the bundle formed by such fine fibers varies depending on the single fiber fineness and fiber form of the fine fibers, but is about 20 to 1,500 deniers, preferably about 50 to 10,000 deniers. It is preferable that the value is within the above range from the viewpoint of the processability of the designed yarn, the nap shape and the nap density, and from the viewpoint of less shedding of the nap. In addition, in the case of the so-called brush state in which the root is a thick denier single fiber or bundle, and the tip is divided into fine fibers of 5 deniers or less to form tip nape, and the tip tip nape are densely present. The undivided portion of the root may be thicker than 5 denier. The fiber-forming polymers constituting the fine fibers include polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and its copolymers, polybutylene terephthalate and its copolymers, nylon 6, 11, 12,
Polyamides and their copolymers such as 66 and 610, acrylic polymers, polyurethane, polyethylene, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polypropylene and its copolymers, polystyrene and its copolymers, polyvinyl All fiber-forming polymers such as alcohol and modified polyvinyl alcohols, rayon, etc. are applicable. These fine fibers can be used alone, mixed, or composited. The cross-sectional shape of the fine fibers is not particularly limited, and shapes such as circular, deformed, hollow, core-sheath, etc. can be used as appropriate. These fine fibers can be easily produced using an appropriately selected single-component melt spinning technique or composite spinning technique. Below, the method for manufacturing a rope-like article or a net-like article according to the present invention will be explained in more detail. A bundle of yarn made by converging the aforementioned fine fibers into an appropriate thickness,
Alternatively, a twisted bundle of these yarns is used as a flower thread, and a filament is used as a core thread to perform chenille processing to create a design thread such as chenille thread. In order to prevent filaments from slipping out, fused fibers may be mixed as core yarns. The core yarn is not limited to filament, and may be spun yarn. The prevention of the present invention can be achieved by doubling at least one designed yarn such as the chenille yarn and hanging it on a knotless knitting machine that is capable of twisting and netting at the same time, or by applying appropriate rope processing. Fishery materials with algal properties can be obtained. The number of yarns to be combined may be determined in consideration of the practical strength required of the final product. On the other hand, in the case of making a knotted net, at least one or more decorative yarns such as the above-mentioned chenille yarns are tied together and subjected to a pre-twisting process. As a guideline for the number of harvests,
The upper limit is the level at which no cracking occurs, and it may be carried out below this limit. Next, at least two or more yarns of the pre-twisted product are twisted together and final twisted to form a string-like product. As a guideline for the number of twists, the number of twists should be within a range where untwisting does not occur. After that, by performing appropriate netting processing or rope processing,
The marine materials having anti-algae properties of the present invention can be obtained. In the case where thinning-type composite fibers or fibers with latent crimp ability are used as the filaments of the above-mentioned design yarn, any process before or after chenille processing, before or after rope processing, or before or after net processing is used. By subjecting the fibers to a thinning treatment or a crimp development treatment, a rope-like article or a net-like article whose surface is covered with the napped fine fibers of the present invention can be obtained. The above-mentioned rope-like material or net-like material is one whose surface is covered with napped fibers whose tips are cut, but if one wants to obtain a material whose surface is covered with napped fibers in the form of a loop pile of fine fibers. If so, it is better to use a yarn with a structure like Boukkere yarn as the design yarn. When making a thread with such a structure,
The yarn that forms the loop pile is coarse, stiff, lightly twisted, and thick, and the core yarn is put under strong tension and gradually fed out, while the yarn that forms the loop pile is twisted by loosening the tension and feeding it out quickly. Good. Even in such a method, if a thinning type conjugate fiber is used for the loop pile yarn, even if the loop length is short, the ultra-fine loop pile after the thinning treatment will easily swing in water, which is preferable. After doubling at least one or more of the above-mentioned bouclé yarns, by applying it to an appropriate rope processing device or netting device, a rope-like object or a net-like object covered with loop pile-like napped fine fibers is obtained. It is something that can be done. It is important that the fine fibers forming the nap in the method of the present invention have a denier of 5 or less. In other words, the hardness and softness of the nap that coats the surface of the base material depends on the fiber denier and the material, and its ability to transmit the oscillating action caused by tides and waves is
It depends on the nap length and denier of the fiber, and the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the material. How to create a surface condition that makes it difficult for spores, zoospores, or larvae released by algae and shellfish to settle on the surface of the sea, or how to make it difficult for them to take root and cause them to fall off even if they do settle, depending on the above properties. The important point is how to combine them on the surface of the rope-like object. As a result of studies taking these points into consideration, the denier of the fine fibers used in the present invention is preferably 5 denier or less, preferably 1.5 denier or less, and most preferably 1 denier or less. If it exceeds 5 denier, the stiffness of the fibers will become too strong and the rocking action in seawater will be reduced, making it easier for algae and shellfish to adhere to the fibers, which is undesirable. Even if the surface of the rope-like object or net-like object is simply covered with the nap of fine fibers, it has the effect of preventing the adhesion of algae and shellfish, but in order to bring out the effects of the present invention even more, the length of the nap should be increased to a certain extent. In other words, it is preferable to lengthen the nap length of the design yarn. The nap length referred to here is the length from the core yarn surface to the tip of each pile in a cut pile, a loop pile, or a mixed pile thereof. The nap length may be adjusted in consideration of economic efficiency, workability, place of use, purpose, etc., but as a guideline, the nap length should be 0.5 mm or more, more preferably 2 mm or more. . If the nap length is less than 0.5 mm, the nap formed from the designed yarn will not be able to receive sufficient rocking action due to the resistance of currents and waves, and spores of algae and shellfish will easily adhere to it, which is undesirable. According to the findings of the present inventors,
The longer the nap length and the thinner the fiber denier, the better the anti-algae and shellfish effects.However, when it comes to the nap formation and pile loops in the processing of decorative yarns, unlike cut pile, the nap may become stiff. Therefore, if the pile length is too short, it will be difficult to transmit sufficient rocking motion due to tidal currents and wave resistance, so it is practical to set the upper limit of the pile length to about 45 mm. In addition, from the viewpoint of uniformity or fluctuating napping, it is preferable to use a designed yarn having a chenille yarn structure in order to better exhibit the effects of the present invention. In addition, in the case of a structure in which the bundle-like nap is divided into fine fibers by the shearing step as described above and exhibits a so-called brush state, the nap length is equal to the length of the divided fine fibers. The hair is made long. As mentioned above, the fiber napped covering the surface of the rope-like object or net-like object must be formed of 5 deniers or less. For example, napped fiber bundles made of ultrafine single fibers of 1 denier or less can be For the production, it is preferable to use thinnable conjugate fibers from the viewpoints of spinnability, stabilization of yarn reeling properties, stability in design yarn processing, economical efficiency, and the like. Note that in the present invention, the thinning conjugate fiber refers to a conjugate fiber using at least two or more polymer components, which can be thinned by an appropriate thinning treatment technique such as heat treatment, chemical treatment, or physical treatment. , refers to composite fibers that can be made into fine fibers by being split, peeled, or having at least one component removed. Examples include, but are not limited to, polymer mutually arrayed fibers, chrysanthemum-like split fibers, sea-island blend fibers, and multilayer fibers.
By using these composite fibers as the nap-forming fibers, it is possible to increase the fluctuating properties of the nap and increase the nap density, which is preferable. Furthermore, it is preferable to use crimped fine fibers constituting the nap. The crimp form may be two-dimensional crimp or three-dimensional crimp, but is not particularly limited. For example, crimp mixes that take advantage of shrinkage differences, crimp that occurs during false twisting, or crimp that is mechanically generated using a crimper are common.
When having such crimps, it is possible to increase the density of the nape surface even if the nap density is coarse,
And even if the hair density is high, it has crimp,
Appropriate voids are created, water retention is significantly improved, and the surface of the rope or net is always slimy and flexible, sensitive to the shaking action of tides and waves, and spores of algae, shellfish, etc. adhere to it. This is preferable because it makes it possible to further exhibit the effect that it is difficult to adhere and can easily fall off even if it adheres. The nap density of the fibers covering the surface of the rope-like object or net-like object varies depending on the fiber denier, the nap length, the number of crimps, etc., so it is difficult to determine it unconditionally, but if the fiber denier is thick, It can be said that it is preferable to adjust the nap length in the direction of making the nap length longer and the nap density coarser, or if the fiber denier is thin, the nap length is shortened and the nap density is made denser. The fiber naps covering the rope or net may be colored. Of course, the core yarn used for the design yarn may also be colored. The growth of algae is largely determined by photosynthesis. The germination of algae spores and the growth of germinated bodies vary depending on the amount and quality of light. In shallow areas, there are many bright red and long-wavelength parts, and as you get deeper, the light becomes darker and changes to only green, blue, and purple parts. The types of algae that live there also vary. Therefore, in order for algae to actively attach and grow, it is necessary to have a color tone in a wavelength range suitable for photosynthesis, but from the purpose of the present invention, conversely, a color tone that makes it difficult for algae to attach and grow is necessary. This can enhance the effects of the present invention. From this point of view, when installing the rope-like material or net-like material of the present invention, the color tone of the standing floes that should be imparted varies depending on the depth etc. In order to enhance the effects of the present invention, it is also preferable to select a coloring that is difficult to absorb light in a wavelength range suitable for photosynthesis of algae. In addition, the fine fibers forming the nap are made into fibers by coating or kneading a substance having an appropriate bioadhesion prevention effect or encasing it in fine particles such as microcapsules in a polymer. However, it is preferable to use such special fine fibers in order to more strongly exhibit the effects of the present invention. [Examples] The present invention will be explained in detail below using Examples, but the present invention is not restricted or limited by these Examples. Rather, it brings about the next application development. Example 1 Six 75D-72F polyethylene terephthalate filaments were combined as filaments, and
A bundle was prepared by twisting in the S direction at 70T/m, and a 500D-48F polyethylene terephthalate filament was prepared as a core thread. Using these filaments and core yarns, the filament length was adjusted to 6 mm and the filament density was 11 filaments/cm, and chenille processing was performed. Next, 22 pieces of the chenille yarn were individually wound around a drum,
A net was created using a knotless knitting machine. Next, it was immersed in warm water to remove the adhering oil. The material thus obtained was a knotless net whose surface was covered with a large number of naps with a nape length of about 2.5 mm, each consisting of bundles of about 1 d of fine fibers. This net was cut into pieces 10 cm wide and 50 cm long, attached to a stainless steel frame, and dropped approximately 2 m into the ocean. The results of observing the state of adhesion of algae and shellfish to the net surface after 1, 3, and 6 months of being dropped into the sea are as follows.
As shown in the table. Example 2 The filament was composed of 16 islands with an island/sea component ratio of 78/22% by weight using polyethylene terephthalate for the island component and polystyrene for the sea component.
Six 75D-18F polymer mutually arranged fibers were combined into a bundle and twisted in the S direction at 70T/m, and the same fiber as in Example 1 was used as the core thread.
The filament length was adjusted to 8 mm and the filament density was 11 filaments/cm, and chenille processing was performed. Next, net making was carried out using the same net making machine as in Example 1 under the same conditions. Then soaked in trichlorethylene,
After performing the thinning treatment, it was dried. The product thus obtained was a knotless net whose surface was covered with naps of about 3.7 mm in length, which were bundles of ultrafine fibers of about 0.2 d. This net was cut into pieces of 10 cm wide and 50 cm long, and Example 1
It was attached to the same frame and dropped approximately 2 meters underwater. Table 1 shows the results of observing the state of adhesion of algae and shellfish to the surface of the net after it was dropped into the sea. Example 3 As filament, island component/sea component = polyethylene terephthalate/polystyrene, island/sea component ratio =
80/20 weight%, 16 island fibers, island component/sea component = 5-sodium sulfoisophthalate copolymer polyethylene terephthalate/polystyrene, island/sea component ratio = 80/20 weight %, with 16 Shimamoto polymer mutually arranged fibers,
Four filaments of 108D-18F mixed at 50/50% in the spinning process were combined and twisted in the S direction at 70T/m to form a bundle. Using the same filament as above, the filament length was adjusted to 12 mm and the filament density was 11 filaments/cm, and chenille processing was performed to obtain chenille yarn. Two of the chenille yarns are combined and pre-twisted at a twist number (S) of 200T/m, and then this pre-twisted product is twisted three times.
The yarns were then double-twisted and twisted at a twist rate (Z) of 80 T/m to create a rope-like product. After this, the net was made by hand. Next, the net was subjected to a dry heat treatment at 180° C. for 3 minutes, then immersed in trichlorethylene, subjected to an atomization treatment to remove sea components, and dried. The product thus obtained was a knotted network whose surface was covered with finely crimped naps with a nap length of about 5.2 mm, in which ultrafine fibers of about 0.4 d were bundled. This net was cut into pieces of 10 cm wide and 50 cm long, and Example 1
It was attached to the same frame and dropped approximately 2 meters underwater. Table 1 shows the results of observing the state of adhesion of algae and shellfish to the surface of the net after it was dropped into the sea. Example 4 Seven filaments of 50D-12F polyethylene terephthalate were combined and twisted in the S direction at 70T/m as filaments, and as core threads, filaments of 500D-48F polyethylene terephthalate were prepared. Got ready. Using these filaments and core yarns, the filament length was adjusted to 6 mm and the filament density was 11 filaments/cm, and chenille processing was performed. Next, the chenille yarn was subjected to a netting process in the same manner as in Example 1, and then immersed in warm water to remove the adhering oil agent. The net obtained was a knotless net whose surface was covered with a nape of about 2.5 mm in which fine fibers of about 4.2 d were bundled. This net was cut into pieces of 10 cm wide and 50 cm long, attached to the same frame as in Example 1, and dropped into the sea about 2 m.
Table 1 shows the results of observing the state of adhesion of algae and shellfish to the surface of the net after it was dropped into the sea. Comparative Example 1 A commercially available fishing net similar to that used in Example 1 (black, undyed PET, 210d/20 x 3 plied threads) was used with a width of 10
It was cut into pieces with a length of 50 cm, attached to the same frame as in Example 1, and dropped into the sea. The results of observing the state of adhesion of algae and shellfish to the surface of the net after being dropped into the sea are shown in Table 1.As can be seen from the observation results of the state of adhesion of algae and shellfish shown in Table 1, commercially available fishing nets After just one month of being dropped into the sea, large numbers of barnacles, oysters, and other young shellfish were found attached, and after three months, an even larger amount of shellfish and sea lettuce were found attached. In comparison, all the nets made by the production method of the present invention exhibit excellent algae-proofing properties, the fibers that cover the surface of the net are ultrafine fibers, and the naps are long.
Furthermore, those with ultra-fine crimps had an extremely excellent algae-proofing effect even after being dropped into the sea for a long period of time.

[Table] [Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, in the field of this type of fishery materials, techniques such as raising the surface of fine fibers to prevent attachment of algae, shellfish, etc. Although there was no concept in this field, by applying fine fibers or ultra-fine fibers, which were mainly used in the clothing field and artificial leather field, as material constituent materials, it was possible to improve the ability to prevent the adhesion of algae, shellfish, etc. A method for producing fishery materials having groundbreakingly excellent effects is provided. As mentioned above, the marine materials obtained by the present invention can suppress the occurrence of secondary pollution, which was a drawback of conventional marine materials technology, and are excellent in preventing the adhesion of algae and shellfish. By using such materials in fixed nets that are left in the sea for long periods of time or in aquaculture nets for sea bream, yellowtail, tuna, flounder, etc., the occurrence of deformed fish, damage to fish bodies, etc.
This method is effective in preventing bait accumulation and contamination due to clogging of the net and oxygen deficiency due to decreased tidal current, and also improves workability and is economically superior. In addition, when used for ship mooring ropes, trunk ropes for cultivating fish, shellfish, and algae, etc., it can effectively prevent the adhesion of shellfish and algae, improving workability, and preventing damage caused by currents and waves. Various specific effects such as being able to prevent water loss can be obtained.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] A method of making a net by using at least one or more design yarns having a nap, which is a bundle of fine fibers of 15 deniers or less, and combining a plurality of yarns, and making a net by using the combined yarns. A method for producing marine materials with excellent anti-algae properties characterized by subjecting them to a processing process or a rope processing process. 2. Using at least one or more decorative yarn with raised fluff that is a bundle of fine fibers of 5 deniers or less, multiple yarns are combined and pre-twisted, and then at least two additional yarns are made of the pre-twisted yarn. Production of marine materials with excellent anti-algae properties, characterized in that the above yarns are twisted and twisted to form a string-like object, and then the string-like object is subjected to a net-making process or a rope-processing process. Law. 3. A method for producing a marine material with excellent algae-proofing properties as set forth in claims 1 and 2, wherein the designed yarn has a chenille yarn structure. 4. Claim 1, characterized in that the fine fibers constituting the nap are 1.5 denier or less,
A method for producing a marine material with excellent anti-algae properties according to item 2 or 3. 5. The algae-proofing property according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the fine fibers constituting the nap are formed from thinnable conjugate fibers. A manufacturing method for superior marine materials. 6. Claims 1, 2, and 3, characterized in that the fine fibers constituting the nap are crimped or have latent crimp ability.
4. A method for producing a fishery material with excellent anti-algae properties as described in Section 4, Section 4, or Section 5.