JPH0379963B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to an animal breeding facility in which a large number of animals are kept in multiple racks. (Prior art and its problems) Conventionally, in facilities for breeding animals, many animals are kept in breeding cages installed on each level of a rack arranged in the breeding room. In this breeding room, environmental conditions such as temperature and air flow velocity are required to be uniform in each stage of the rack. For this reason, rooms are constantly air-conditioned, but in this case, it is desirable that the amount of air passing through the rack be equal and predetermined. One possible way to adjust the air volume is to adjust the area of the ventilation openings in each stage of the rack, but in a room where fresh air is supplied, the pressure distribution of that air will vary depending on the room temperature and the supplied air. The pressure distribution at each stage varies depending on the difference between the temperature of the Even if a desired ventilation condition is once set by adjusting the area of the ventilation openings, it is difficult to maintain the same amount of ventilation in each stage over a long period of time. Therefore, it is necessary to frequently adjust the area of the ventilation openings in each stage, and this operation is very troublesome. The purpose of the present invention is to solve this problem, and it is possible to make the amount of air passing through each rack almost equal even though the areas of the ventilation openings in each rack are constant and approximately equal. The facility provides animal breeding facilities. (Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the animal breeding facility of the present invention has an animal breeding room divided into a plurality of stages by shelf boards, and each stage is opened in the depth direction. A shielding plate having ventilation holes communicating with each stage of the rack is disposed on one open end side of the rack, and the animal rearing room is accessed through the shielding plate. In an animal breeding facility that is divided into a high-pressure room that communicates with a fresh air outlet and a low-pressure room from which the air flows out from inside each rack through the ventilation holes in the shielding plate, the air vents in each rack In addition to making the opening areas approximately equal, the pressure difference between the high pressure chamber and the low pressure chamber is 10% lower than the pressure difference between the top and bottom racks.
It is characterized in that the opening area of the ventilation hole is set small so that the opening area of the ventilation hole is more than twice as large, so that the amount of air passing through each stage of the rack is approximately equal. (Function) When a predetermined amount of fresh air is supplied into the high-pressure chamber from the outlet, the air fills the high-pressure chamber and flows through each stage of the rack, and the low-pressure air flows through the ventilation holes provided in the shielding plate. It flows into the room and is discharged from the suction port. At this time, the opening areas of the vents in each stage of the rack are made approximately equal, and the pressure difference between the high pressure chamber and the low pressure chamber is made to be at least 10 times greater than the pressure difference between the top and bottom stages of the rack. Since the opening area of the ventilation hole is set small, the amount of air passing through all racks from the top rack to the bottom rack is approximately equal. (Example) To explain an example of the present invention with reference to the drawings, 1
is an airtight animal breeding room, which is composed of a ceiling 2, side walls 3, 3, a floor 4, and a gable wall 5, 5. Air outlets 6, 6 that open toward the room are bored at appropriate intervals, and these outlets 6, 6
A supply duct 19 connected to an air conditioner 23 disposed at a suitable location outdoors is connected and communicated with the supply duct 19, and a constant air volume device 20 and a reheater 21 are disposed in the supply duct 19. Further, on both sides of the ceiling 2, a plurality of suction ports 7, 7 for discharging air from the breeding room 1 are provided.
6 and open in parallel with the suction ports 7 and 6 on both sides.
An exhaust duct 22 having internal dampers 24 and 24 arranged therein is connected and communicated with the exhaust duct 7, and the open end of the exhaust duct 22 is opened directly to the outside or connected to an air suction device 26. 8, 8 are air outlets 6 on both sides of the rearing room 1
The rack is placed on the floor 4 between the air inlet 7 and the air inlet 7, and is formed into a rectangular frame shape. Cages 12, 12, . . . 12 for raising animals made of wire mesh or the like are placed on the plate 9. The breeding room 1, which is divided into multiple stages by shelf boards 9, is open to the indoor side below the air outlet 6 and the indoor side below the suction port 7. , 8, the breeding room 1 is divided into a central room 13 where researchers and breeders work, and a side room 14 where cleaning and disinfection are performed. 15 is an open part 1 between vertically adjacent shelf boards 9, 9;
These shielding plates 15 are arranged so as to close the opening end on the side chamber 14 side of the rack 8, and are hermetically sealed and fixed to the end faces of each stage of the rack 8. Ventilation holes 1 that are connected and have the same opening area
8, 18...18 are bored. For example, as shown in FIG.
Magnetic plates 3 that are in close contact with each other on the four-sided end faces of each stage forming 0 and the outer peripheral edge of the shielding plate 15 facing the end faces.
This can be done by fixing 0 and 31. The shape of the ventilation holes 18 formed in the shielding plates 15 may be any suitable shape such as circular, square, or elongated slit shape, but the opening area of these ventilation holes 18 should be the same size in all the shielding plates 15. It is formed in Further, as shown in FIG. 5, a ventilation hole 18 having a large-area opening is previously formed in the shielding plate 15, and a mounting plate is provided with a small-diameter hole 18a formed in contact with the ventilation hole 18. 32 may be removably inserted into a U-shaped frame 33 fixed to the surface of the shielding plate 15 around the ventilation hole, so that the ventilation hole 18 becomes an opening having the area of the small diameter hole 18a. With this configuration, the ventilation holes 18 can be adjusted simply by replacing the mounting plate 32 having the small diameter holes 18a of various sizes.
The opening area can be set freely. In addition, when the cages 12, 12 arranged in each stage are partitioned by a partition plate, shielding plates of a size corresponding to each cage 12 are sequentially attached, and these shielding plates close the opening end of the open portion 10. may be closed. 16 is a partition plate stretched between the upper edge of the rack 8 on the center side of the rearing room and the ceiling to airtightly partition the central chamber 13 and the side chambers 14; 17 is the partition plate 16;
The side chamber 1 of the central chamber 13 is continuously stretched between both ends of the rack 8 and the ceiling 2, floor 4, and both end walls 5, 5.
This is a partition plate that airtightly partitions 4 and 4. Therefore, the central chamber 13 and the side chambers 14 are separated only by the ventilation hole 18 made in the shielding plate 15 by the shielding plate 15 attached to each stage of the rack 8, the frame of the rack 8, and the partition plates 16 and 17. The central chamber 13 facing the air outlet 6 is configured as a high pressure chamber, and the side chamber 14 communicating with the suction port 7 is configured as a low pressure chamber. be. With this configuration, when fresh air at a predetermined wind pressure is supplied from the air conditioner 23 to the central chamber 13 from the outlet 6 through the supply duct 19, the central chamber 13
becomes a high-pressure chamber with approximately uniform pressure from the ceiling 2 to the floor 4, and the air flows through the shelves 9 on each level of the rack 8.
The shielding plate 1 passes through the cage 12 placed on top.
It flows out from the ventilation hole 18 of 5 into the side chamber 14 which is a low pressure chamber, and is discharged from this side chamber 14 through the suction port 7 to the exhaust duct 22. Here, ventilation holes 1 are provided in the shielding plate 15 to obtain a substantially constant amount of ventilation from the upper to the lower tiers of the shelves 9 of the rack 8 disposed in the central chamber 13 serving as the high-pressure chamber.
Let's talk about the size of 8. Now, the opening area of the ventilation hole 18 for each cage section is A
cm ² , the velocity of the air passing through this vent 18 is V
cm/s, the amount of air passing through the ventilation hole 18 per unit time Qcm ³ /s is expressed as Q=AV...(1), and the pressure difference between the central chamber 13 and the side chamber 14 Pmm
Aq is expressed as P=αV ² ...(2) (α is a constant determined by the shape of the vent, etc.) When the air pressure in the central chamber 13 is higher than the air pressure in the side chamber 14 by P, the air pressure in the vent 18 An air volume Q will pass through the opening area A, and this air volume will discharge heat, odor, etc. from the animal in the cage 12 to the side chamber 14 and dispose of it. If the relationship of this formula could be applied uniformly to both the upper and lower stages of the rack 8, there would be no need to frequently adjust the opening degree of the ventilation holes 18 at each stage, as described above. In the case of air conditioning, it has been confirmed that by decreasing the opening area A of the ventilation hole 18 toward the lower stage, the amount of air passing through each stage becomes approximately equal. This means that in equation (3), where the air velocity V is removed from the above equations (1) and (2), P=αQ ² /A ² ...(3) or Q=A√ ...(4), the passing air volume is The fact that Q is constant and the opening area A is smaller in the lower stages indicates that the pressure difference P is larger in the lower stages. Therefore, for the pressure difference P at the top stage and the opening area A, the pressure difference at the bottom stage is P + ΔP, and the opening area is A - ΔA.
The amount of air passing through each stage is equal, which means (3)
From the equation, the relationship in the upper row is Q ² = α ^-1 A ² P, and in the lower row, Q ² = α ^-1 (A-ΔA) ² (P+ΔP)...(5). This ΔP is due to heat transfer from the wall of breeding room 1, lighting,
It is thought that the pressure difference is caused by low-temperature air flowing toward the floor due to heat dissipation from the human body, supply of cold air from the ceiling, etc. in the vertical direction. Here, instead of the conventional method of adjusting the opening area A of the ventilation holes 18 of the shielding plate 15 according to the pressure difference between the upper and lower sides in the rearing room 1, the opening area of the lowermost shielding plate 15 is also adjusted to the uppermost shielding. The opening area of the plate 15 is also assumed to be A. At this time, the ventilation holes 18 on the top and bottom tiers
^The passing air ^volume , Qa ^, and ^{Qb are as} follows. It is better to bring it closer to 1. That is, it is sufficient to make P larger than ΔP. In other words, the difference P between the pressure in the central chamber 13 and the pressure in the side chambers 14 is made larger than the pressure difference ΔP between the upper and lower stages occurring in the central chamber 13,
By doing this, the amount of air passing through from the upper rack 8 to the lower rack 8 can be made approximately equal.
It can be said that it is possible to make the room into a low-pressure chamber. However, as is clear from equation (4) above, if the pressure in the central chamber 13 is increased while maintaining the opening area when the pressure difference between the two chambers 13 and 14 is small, the amount of air passing through the rack 8 will increase. If the air conditioner becomes too large, it may have an adverse effect on animals, and a large-scale air conditioning system 23 will be required, which will be uneconomical. Therefore, in order to make the amount of passing air a predetermined amount, the opening area A should be made smaller than that of the conventional one so that the air velocity V becomes larger. When determining the opening area of the ventilation hole 18 of the shielding plate 15, the opening area and both chambers 13 and 14 are determined in advance.
By determining the relationship between the pressure difference and the passing air volume, determining the applicable range of the opening area and pressure difference suitable for the predetermined passing air volume, and selecting the capacity of the air conditioner 23,
The opening area can be uniquely determined. During actual operation, anemometers are installed at least in the uppermost and lowermost ventilation holes 18 of the rack 8.
Attach 7a and 27b and measure the wind speeds Va and Vb.
The measured value is multiplied by the opening area A of the ventilation hole 18 to calculate the passing air volume Qa, Qb, and it is determined whether the upper and lower ventilation volumes are both within the predetermined allowable passing air volume, and the air conditioner 23 is operated. For example, it is used to adjust the rotation speed of a fan. In the above explanation, we talked about the case of air conditioning, but
In the case of heating, the pressure difference ΔP only occurs on the upper stage side. It goes without saying that the shielding plate 15 should be sealed so that ventilation air does not flow from other than the ventilation holes 18, but the air outlet 6 communicating with the central chamber 13 and the side chambers 1 should be sealed.
The suction port 7 that communicates with the end wall 4 does not necessarily have to be provided in the ceiling 2, and may have the shape of an elongated opening extending between the end walls 5, 5. Next, if the pressure on the side chamber 14 side, which is a low-pressure chamber, is made higher than atmospheric pressure, the pressure in the entire breeding chamber 1 will always be higher than the pressure outside (atmospheric pressure), and harmful bacteria will enter the breeding chamber 1 from the outside. etc. can be prevented from entering. Normally, for this purpose, the pressure inside the breeding chamber 1 is increased by about 5 to 10 mmAq higher than the atmospheric pressure, so for example, the damper 24 installed in the exhaust duct 22 is throttled to create a low-pressure chamber. The pressure inside the side chamber 14 is increased by 5 mmAq relative to the atmospheric pressure, and the pressure inside the side chamber 1
The pressure in the side chamber is kept constant by the differential pressure damper 25 attached to the central chamber 14, and the pressure in the central chamber 13 is
It is only necessary to make the pressure higher than the internal pressure by a predetermined pressure difference. Furthermore, when the pressure in the central chamber 13, which is a high-pressure chamber, is lowered below atmospheric pressure by the suction device 26, the pressure in the entire rearing chamber 1 is always lower than the pressure outside the room (atmospheric pressure), and the animals are inoculated. Pathogens and the like can be prevented from leaking from the breeding room 1 to the outside. As another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the interior of the breeding room 1 may be partitioned by a wall 40 having ventilation holes 18 that achieve the same purpose as the shielding plate 15, or the floor and ceiling may be partitioned. A shielding plate 41 having ventilation holes 18 formed therein may be detachably attached to a mounting plate 42 projecting from the surface, and a rack 8 may be placed in contact with the front or back surface of the wall 40 or the shielding plate 41. In this case, the rack 8 can be made mobile. Next, a heat load equivalent to three rats is applied to each of the plurality of cages 12 in the animal breeding facility of the present invention, and these cages 12 are placed in a five-tiered rack 8 (height: 1.6 m).
12.5m 3 /hr into the room from the air outlet ⁶ in order to distribute 2.5m ³ /hr of air to each cage 12.
Table 1 shows the results of experiments conducted when hr air is supplied.
Shown below. The temperature of the air at outlet 6 is 21.2℃.
The average indoor temperature is 22.6℃.

【table】

[Table] In the above table, , and indicate the first, third, and fifth rows from the top, respectively. In the case shown in this table, the size of the ventilation hole 18 of each stage of the shielding plate 15 attached to the back of the rack 8 is
The wind speed at the ventilation hole 18 was measured at 15 cm ² , and the pressure difference P was calculated.
The size of the ventilation hole 18 in each stage is 7.1cm ² , 4.5cm ² ,
This is calculated based on the case where the size is changed to 3.5cm ² . At that time, when the wind speed at the lowest stage ventilation hole 18 is assumed to be 1, the ratio of the wind speeds at each stage is calculated as shown in the wind speed ratio column of Table 1. In this case, the wind speed at the top stage is the wind speed at the lowest stage. 71.7% (i.e. the passing air volume is
71.7%), but in the case it passed almost evenly at 98.1%. The pressure difference P in the case is approximately 0.52
mmAq, and the pressure difference ΔP between the top and bottom is 0.02mmAq. That is, by making the pressure difference P 26 times the pressure difference ΔP between the upper and lower sides, the pressure can be made uniform to 98.1%. Incidentally, the pressure difference P between the central chamber 13 and the side chamber 14 in the case is the pressure difference P in the case.
Each stage is only 0.50mmAq larger than the previous one. (Effect of the invention) As described above, according to the animal breeding facility of the present invention,
The animal breeding room is provided with a rack partitioned into multiple stages by shelf boards, each of which is open in the depth direction, and a passage communicating with each stage of the rack is provided at one open end of the rack. A high-pressure chamber is provided with a shielding plate having air holes in it and communicates the animal rearing room with a fresh air outlet through the shielding plate, and a high-pressure chamber is provided with a shielding plate having pores perforated therein, and the animal rearing room is connected to a fresh air outlet through the shielding plate, and a high-pressure chamber is provided with a shielding plate having air holes perforated therein. In an animal breeding facility divided into a low-pressure room from which the air flows out, the opening areas of the ventilation holes in each stage of the rack are approximately equal, and the pressure difference between the high-pressure room and the low-pressure room is reduced by reducing the pressure difference between the top and bottom stages of the rack. The structure is characterized in that the opening area of the vent hole is set small so that the pressure difference between the top and It is possible to make the passing air volume of all the racks approximately equal from the rack to the lowest rack, and therefore,
Environmental conditions such as temperature and air flow velocity in each stage are made equal, allowing for good animal rearing. Furthermore, since the opening areas of the ventilation holes in all tiers of the rack are approximately equal, it is possible to eliminate the frequent and troublesome adjustment work of the opening area as in the past, and to simplify the structure of each tier of the rack. It is easy to manufacture and can provide an inexpensive animal breeding facility. In addition, by making the pressure in the low-pressure chamber higher than atmospheric pressure, it is possible to prevent harmful bacteria from entering from the outside and make the room sterile.Furthermore, by making the pressure in the high-pressure chamber lower than atmospheric pressure. In some cases, it can be used as an infection breeding room.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 1 is a simplified longitudinal sectional front view, Fig. 2 is a simplified plan view, Fig. 3 is a partially cutaway rear view of the rack, and Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the main parts. 5 is a partial perspective view of a shielding plate in which the size of the ventilation hole is changed, and FIG. 6 is a simplified longitudinal sectional front view showing another embodiment of the present invention. 1...Animal breeding room, 6...Air outlet, 7...Suction port, 8...Rack, 9...Shelf board, 12...Cage, 13...Central chamber (hyperpressure chamber), 14...Side chamber ( low pressure chamber), 15...shielding plate, 18...ventilation hole, 1
9, 22...Duct, 23...Air conditioner.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. An animal breeding room is provided with a rack divided into multiple stages by shelf boards, each of which is open in the depth direction, and a rack is provided at one open end of the rack. A shielding plate having ventilation holes communicating with each stage is arranged, and the animal rearing room is connected to a high-pressure chamber through the shielding plate with a conditioned air outlet that constantly supplies a predetermined amount of air. In an animal breeding facility divided into a low-pressure room where air flows out from each stage of the rack through the ventilation holes in the shielding plate and communicates with the air intake port, the opening area of the ventilation holes in each stage of the rack is made approximately equal, and , the opening area of the ventilation holes is set small so that the pressure difference between the high pressure chamber and the low pressure chamber is at least 10 times greater than the pressure difference between the top and bottom racks, and the air flow rate through each rack is reduced. An animal breeding facility characterized by being configured so that they are substantially equal. 2. The animal breeding facility according to claim 1, characterized in that the rack and the shielding plate are integrally constructed. 3. The animal breeding facility according to claim 1, wherein the rack and the shielding plate are constructed separately. 4. The animal breeding facility according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that the pressure in the hyperbaric chamber is below atmospheric pressure. 5. The animal breeding facility according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that the pressure in the low-pressure chamber is higher than atmospheric pressure.