Deprecated: The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls in /home/zhenxiangba/zhenxiangba.com/public_html/phproxy-improved-master/index.php on line 456
JPH0411176B2 - - Google Patents
[go: Go Back, main page]

JPH0411176B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPH0411176B2
JPH0411176B2 JP27284887A JP27284887A JPH0411176B2 JP H0411176 B2 JPH0411176 B2 JP H0411176B2 JP 27284887 A JP27284887 A JP 27284887A JP 27284887 A JP27284887 A JP 27284887A JP H0411176 B2 JPH0411176 B2 JP H0411176B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
presser
conveyor
baked confectionery
branding
mold
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP27284887A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH01117741A (en
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed filed Critical
Priority to JP27284887A priority Critical patent/JPH01117741A/en
Publication of JPH01117741A publication Critical patent/JPH01117741A/en
Publication of JPH0411176B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0411176B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Landscapes

  • Manufacturing And Processing Devices For Dough (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 <産業上の利用分野> 本発明は、焼菓子の定位置に各種の焼印を付け
る焼印装置に関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a branding device that applies various types of branding irons to fixed positions on baked confectionery.

<従来の技術> 例えば、饅頭など菓子の表面に各種の焼印が付
けられることがある。この場合、饅頭が通常の丸
型で、その表面の適当な位置に文字や符合等の焼
印を付ける際には、包装機の上などで簡単な装置
を用いて焼印を比較的ラフに付けることができ
る。しかし、例えば、ひよこ饅頭のように方向性
があつて異形形状の菓子の定位置に、つまり例え
ばひよこの両目を焼印で付ける場合、口ばしを中
心に左右均一に付ける必要があり、饅頭の大きさ
にかなりのバラツキがあり、さらに、コンベヤ等
で搬送されてくる饅頭は正確な整列状態ではな
く、位置がズレていることが多いため、従来の簡
単な焼印装置では正確な位置に焼印を付けること
ができず、ひよこ饅頭の場合、手作業で目を付け
ざるを得ず、この種の饅頭製造の自動化ができな
い問題があつた。
<Prior Art> For example, various types of branding irons are sometimes attached to the surface of sweets such as steamed buns. In this case, the manju is a regular round shape, and when branding letters, codes, etc. at appropriate positions on the surface, use a simple device such as on top of the packaging machine to apply the branding relatively roughly. I can do it. However, for example, when branding both eyes of a chick in a fixed position on a confectionery with a specific direction and irregular shape, such as a chick bun, it is necessary to brand the eyes of the chick evenly on the left and right sides, centering on the beak. There is considerable variation in size, and in addition, the buns that are transported by conveyor etc. are not in an accurate alignment and are often misaligned, so conventional simple branding machines do not allow the branding iron to be placed in the correct position. In the case of chick buns, the eyes had to be attached manually, which posed the problem of not being able to automate the production of this type of bun.

<発明が解決しようとする問題点> 本発明は、上記の問題点を解決するためになさ
れたもので、饅頭などの焼菓子の製造工程上でそ
の焼菓子の定位置に焼印を自動的に付けることが
できる焼菓子の焼印装置を提供することを目的と
する。
<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is possible to automatically place a branding iron in a fixed position on baked confectionery such as manju during the manufacturing process of the confectionery. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a branding device for baked confectionery that can be attached.

<問題点を解決するための手段> このために、本発明の焼印装置は、焼菓子がス
リツプ可能な表面を有し焼菓子を低速で搬送する
コンベヤと、焼菓子の外形形状に類似した型面を
内側に有し一部を開口した押え型をコンベヤの上
方に設けた押え位置決め部と、コンベヤ上を搬送
された焼菓子が前記押え型の略真下に達したこと
を検出する光電検出器と、押え型に隣接したコン
ベヤの上方に焼き鏝が昇降可能に配置され、押え
型によつて押えられたコンベヤ上の焼菓子の定位
置に焼き鏝の加熱部を押し付ける焼印押え部と、
を備えて構成される。
<Means for Solving the Problems> For this purpose, the branding iron device of the present invention includes a conveyor that has a surface on which the baked confectionery can slip and conveys the baked confectionery at a low speed, and a mold similar to the external shape of the baked confectionery. A presser positioning unit that includes a presser mold with a partially opened surface on the inside above the conveyor, and a photoelectric detector that detects when the baked confectionery conveyed on the conveyor reaches substantially directly below the presser mold. a branding trowel is disposed so as to be movable up and down above the conveyor adjacent to the presser mold, and a branding iron presser presses the heating part of the baking iron to a fixed position of the baked confectionery on the conveyor that is pressed by the presser mold;
It is composed of:

<作用> したがつて、例えば焼成後のひよこ饅頭等の焼
菓子がコンベヤ上に載置されて搬送され、押え型
の略真下に達した時、これが光電検出器によつて
検出され、この時、押え型が下降し又は横から押
し出されて焼菓子を上又は横から覆うように押え
て保持する。この押え型の保持動作により、焼菓
子はコンベヤ上で多少動いてその位置ずれや姿勢
を矯正される。そして、焼き鏝が所定位置まで下
降し、その加熱部が押え型から露出或は突出した
焼菓子の表面に押し当てられ、そこに焼印が付け
られる。その後、押え型と焼き鏝が上昇し、次の
焼菓子が搬送された時、同様な動作が繰り返さ
れ、焼菓子に焼印が付されていく。
<Function> Therefore, for example, when a baked confectionery such as a chick-manju bun after baking is placed on a conveyor and is conveyed and reaches almost directly below the presser mold, this is detected by the photoelectric detector, and at this time , the presser mold descends or is pushed out from the side to press and hold the baked confectionery so as to cover it from above or from the side. Due to this holding operation of the presser mold, the baked confectionery moves somewhat on the conveyor, correcting its positional deviation and posture. Then, the baking iron is lowered to a predetermined position, and its heating part is pressed against the surface of the baked confectionery that is exposed or protrudes from the presser mold, and a branding iron is attached thereto. Thereafter, the presser mold and the baking iron are raised, and when the next baked confectionery is conveyed, the same operation is repeated and the branding iron is placed on the baked confectionery.

<実施例> 以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明す
る。
<Example> Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

第1図は焼印装置の正面図を示し、1は焼成後
のひよこ饅頭2を搬送するコンベヤである。この
コンベヤ1は低速で連続して駆動される構造であ
り、その表面は、ひよこ饅頭2が容易にその上で
スリツプ可能な構造となつている。コンベヤ1の
上方には押え位置決め部3が配設されると共にそ
の前方に隣接して焼印押し部4が配設される。
FIG. 1 shows a front view of the branding device, and 1 is a conveyor that conveys the chick buns 2 after baking. This conveyor 1 is of a structure that is driven continuously at a low speed, and its surface is such that the chick buns 2 can easily slip thereon. A presser positioning section 3 is disposed above the conveyor 1, and a branding section 4 is disposed adjacent to the front thereof.

押え位置決め部3は昇降機構となるエアシリン
ダ5と押え型6とからなり、エアシリンダ5は固
定部に固定されたフレーム8に下向きに取り付け
られ、エアシリンダ5のピストンロツド先端に押
え型6が固定される。押え型6は、ひよこ饅頭2
の中間部の外形形状にほぼ一致した型面7を内側
に持ち、その上部と下部は型内がそのまま開口
し、ひよこ饅頭に被せた場合、その頭部が押え型
6から突出するように形成される。また、この押
え型6の内側の型面にはフツソ樹脂加工が施さ
れ、饅頭の付着及び摩擦による製品の破損を防止
している。
The presser foot positioning section 3 consists of an air cylinder 5 serving as an elevating mechanism and a presser die 6. The air cylinder 5 is attached downward to a frame 8 fixed to a fixed section, and the presser die 6 is fixed to the tip of the piston rod of the air cylinder 5. be done. Presser mold 6 is chick bun 2
It has a mold surface 7 on the inside that almost matches the external shape of the middle part of the mold, and its upper and lower parts are formed so that the inside of the mold is open as it is, and the head protrudes from the presser mold 6 when it is placed on a chick bun. be done. Furthermore, the inner mold surface of the presser mold 6 is treated with a soft resin to prevent the manju from adhering to the manju and damaging the product due to friction.

焼印押し部4は昇降機構となるエアシリンダ9
と焼き鏝10とからなり、エアシリンダ9は上方
から上記の押え型6に向けて傾斜して取り付けら
れたフレーム11に、斜め下方に向けて固定さ
れ、エアシリンダ9のピストンロツドの先端には
案内部を介して焼き鏝10が連結される。案内部
はフレーム11上に固定されたガイドレール12
とガイドレール12上を摺動する移動部13とか
らなり、焼き鏝10は移動部13上に固定され
る。エアシリンダ9のピストンロツドは移動部1
3に対し少しの距離だけ上下摺動自在に嵌合され
た摺動部に連結され、これによつて、焼き鏝10
が下降端まで押し出された時、焼き鏝の自重のみ
によりその加熱部14の先端が饅頭に押圧される
ように構成される。
The branding part 4 is an air cylinder 9 that serves as a lifting mechanism.
The air cylinder 9 is fixed diagonally downward to a frame 11 that is attached to the frame 11 inclined from above toward the presser mold 6, and the tip of the piston rod of the air cylinder 9 has a guide. A roasting iron 10 is connected through the part. The guide part is a guide rail 12 fixed on the frame 11.
and a moving part 13 that slides on a guide rail 12, and the iron 10 is fixed on the moving part 13. The piston rod of the air cylinder 9 is the moving part 1
3, and is connected to a sliding part that is fitted so as to be able to freely slide up and down by a short distance to the iron 10.
When pushed out to the lowering end, the tip of the heating part 14 is pressed against the manju only by the weight of the frying iron.

第3図に示すように焼き鏝10は、本体内に電
気ヒータを内蔵し、そのヒータによつて加熱され
るワイヤ状の加熱部14が突設されている。この
加熱部14の先端はひよこ饅頭2の両目を付すよ
うに形成され、焼き鏝10はその下降端で、押え
型6によつて位置決めされたひよこ饅頭の目の位
置にその加熱部14の先端を押し付けるように構
成される。
As shown in FIG. 3, the roasting iron 10 has an electric heater built into its main body, and a wire-shaped heating portion 14 that is heated by the heater is provided in a protruding manner. The tip of this heating part 14 is formed so as to attach both eyes of the chick bun 2, and the roasting iron 10 is placed at its lower end at the position of the eyes of the chick bun positioned by the presser mold 6. It is configured to impose.

また、フレーム11の先端には光電検出器15
が取着され、この光電検出器15はひよこ饅頭2
が押え型6の略真下(押え型が加工するまでの時
間に饅頭が移動する距離だけ真下より手前の位
置)に達した時、これを検出しその検出信号を図
示しない制御回路に出力する。なお、制御回路
は、光電検出器15からの検出信号を入力した
時、直ちに押え位置決め部3のエアシリンダ5を
押し出し制御し、その後直ちに焼印押し部4のエ
アシリンダ9を押し出し制御し、そして、所定の
タイミングでそれらを元に戻すように構成され
る。
Additionally, a photoelectric detector 15 is mounted at the tip of the frame 11.
is attached, and this photoelectric detector 15 detects the chick bun 2.
When it reaches almost directly below the presser mold 6 (a position in front of directly below by the distance that the steamed bun moves until the presser mold processes it), this is detected and the detection signal is output to a control circuit (not shown). In addition, when the control circuit receives the detection signal from the photoelectric detector 15, it immediately controls the air cylinder 5 of the presser foot positioning section 3 to push out, and immediately thereafter controls the air cylinder 9 of the branding section 4 to push out, and, It is configured to restore them at a predetermined timing.

次に、上記構成の焼印装置の動作を説明する。 Next, the operation of the branding iron device having the above configuration will be explained.

オーブン等で焼成されたひよこ饅頭2は、コン
ベヤ1により低速で搬送され、押え型6の略真下
(押え型が下降するまでの時間に饅頭が移動する
距離だけ真下より手前の位置)に達する。この
時、光電検出器15がそのひよこ饅頭2を検出し
その検出信号を図示しない制御回路に出力する。
すると、制御回路の制御により、直ちに押え位置
決め部3のエアシリンダ5がそのピストンロツド
を押し出し駆動し、これによつて、押え型6が、
定位置まで下降し、その真下にさしかかつたひよ
こ饅頭2に上から被せられ、ひよこ饅頭の頭部が
押え型の上方に突出する。この時、ひよこ饅頭2
はコンベヤ1上を低速で移動中であるため、押え
型6によつてその中間部を押えられ、コンベヤ上
を僅かな摩擦でスリツプすることにより、その姿
勢や位置が矯正され、また、そのその頭の位置も
一定位置に矯正される。そして素早く焼印押し部
4のエアシリンダ9が押し出し駆動されて、焼き
鏝10が下降し、その加熱部14の先端が、ひよ
こ饅頭の口ばしの両側に押当てられ、焼印つまり
ひよこの両目が付される。このような焼印付けは
きわめて短時間に行われ、下降した焼き鏝は直ち
にエアシリンダ9の復帰動作により上昇し、ま
た、押え型6もエアシリンダ5の引き戻し作動に
より素早く上昇し、この回の焼印付けは終了す
る。そして、次のひよこ饅頭が搬送されてくる
と、再び光電検出器15により検出され、上記と
同様な動作が繰り返され、ひよこ饅頭の両目が焼
印として付されていく。
The chick steamed buns 2 baked in an oven or the like are conveyed at low speed by the conveyor 1 and reach a position approximately directly below the presser mold 6 (a position in front of directly below by the distance that the steamed buns move in the time it takes for the presser mold to descend). At this time, the photoelectric detector 15 detects the chick bun 2 and outputs the detection signal to a control circuit (not shown).
Then, under the control of the control circuit, the air cylinder 5 of the presser foot positioning section 3 immediately pushes out and drives the piston rod, thereby causing the presser die 6 to
It is lowered to a fixed position and is placed over the chick bun 2 that is placed directly below it, so that the head of the chick bun protrudes above the presser mold. At this time, Chick Manju 2
Since it is moving at low speed on the conveyor 1, its middle part is held down by the presser mold 6, and its posture and position are corrected by slipping on the conveyor with slight friction. The position of the head is also corrected to a certain position. Then, the air cylinder 9 of the branding stamping part 4 is driven to push out, and the roasting iron 10 is lowered, and the tip of the heating part 14 is pressed against both sides of the beak of the chick bun, and the branding iron, that is, the two eyes of the chick. will be attached. This kind of branding is done in a very short time, and the lowered branding iron immediately rises due to the return operation of the air cylinder 9, and the presser mold 6 also quickly rises due to the return operation of the air cylinder 5, and the branding iron of this time is The attachment is finished. Then, when the next chick bun is transported, it is detected again by the photoelectric detector 15, and the same operation as above is repeated, and both eyes of the chick bun are branded with a branding iron.

このように、スリツプしやすいコンベヤ上を低
速で搬送されるひよこ饅頭2の中間部を押え型で
保持して位置決めするため、ひよこ饅頭の載置位
置が多少ズレていても、またその姿勢が多少曲つ
ていても、押え型が保持するまでにひよこ饅頭の
位置や姿勢は矯正される。したがつて、ひよこ饅
頭2の頭部の正確な位置に目を焼印により入れる
ことができ、饅頭を傷付けることもない。
In this way, since the middle part of the chick-manju 2 that is transported at low speed on the conveyor, which is prone to slipping, is held and positioned by the presser mold, even if the placement position of the chick-manju is slightly shifted, the position of the chick-manju will be slightly changed. Even if it is bent, the position and posture of the chick-manju will be corrected by the time the presser mold holds it. Therefore, the eyes can be placed in the correct position of the head of the chick bun 2 with a branding iron, and the bun will not be damaged.

なお、ひよこ饅頭の他に各種の焼菓子に焼印を
付すことも勿論でき、焼き鏝としては焼き鏝をガ
スにより加熱する構造とすることもできる。ま
た、エアシリンダはモータ駆動などによる昇降機
構とすることもできる。さらに、押え型を横から
押し出して焼き菓子を保持する構造としても良
く、昇降機構に代えて横方向から押え型や焼き鏝
を押し出すような押出し機構を用いることもでき
る。
In addition, it is of course possible to brand various kinds of baked confectionery in addition to chick buns, and the baking iron can also be structured to heat the baking iron with gas. Further, the air cylinder can also be a lifting mechanism driven by a motor or the like. Furthermore, the structure may be such that the presser mold is pushed out from the side to hold the baked confectionery, and instead of the elevating mechanism, an extrusion mechanism that pushes out the presser mold or the baking iron from the side can also be used.

<発明の効果> 以上説明したように、本発明の焼菓子の焼印装
置によれば、焼菓子がスリツプ可能な表面を有し
焼菓子を低速で搬送するコンベヤと、焼菓子の外
形形状に類似した型面を内側に有し一部を開口し
た押え型をコンベヤの上方に設けた押え位置決め
部と、コンベヤ上を搬送された焼菓子が押え型の
略真下に達したことを検出する光電検出器と、押
え型に隣接したコンベヤの上方に焼き鏝が昇降可
能に配設され、押え型によつて押えられたコンベ
ヤ上の焼菓子の定位置に焼き鏝の加熱部を押し付
ける焼印押え部と、を備えて構成した。よつて、
スリツプしやすいコンベヤ上を低速で搬送される
焼菓子の中間部等を、上又は横から被せるように
押え型で保持して位置決めするため、ひよこ饅頭
の載置位置が多少ズレていても、またその姿勢が
多少曲つていても、押え型が保持するまでにひよ
こ饅頭の位置や姿勢は矯正され、この状態で焼き
鏝を定位置に当てるため、焼菓子の正確な位置に
焼印を入れることができ、焼菓子を傷付けずに効
率良く焼印を施すことができる。
<Effects of the Invention> As explained above, the baked confectionery branding device of the present invention has a conveyor that has a surface on which the baked confectionery can slip and conveys the baked confectionery at a low speed, and a conveyor that conveys the baked confectionery at a low speed. A presser positioning part is provided above the conveyor with a partially open presser die that has a mold surface inside, and a photoelectric detector that detects when the baked confectionery conveyed on the conveyor reaches almost directly below the presser die. a branding iron presser, in which a baking iron is movably disposed above a conveyor adjacent to the presser mold, and presses a heated part of the baking iron to a fixed position of the baked confectionery on the conveyor that is pressed by the presser mold; , was configured. Then,
The middle part of the baked confectionery that is transported at low speed on the conveyor, which is prone to slipping, is held and positioned by a presser mold that covers it from above or from the side. Even if the posture is slightly crooked, the position and posture of the chick-manju will be corrected by the time the presser mold holds it, and in this state, the baking iron will be placed in the correct position, so the branding iron will be placed in the correct position on the baked confectionery. This allows for efficient branding without damaging baked goods.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

図は本発明の一実施例を示し、第1図は焼印装
置の正面図、第2図は押え型の平面図、第3図は
焼き鏝の斜視図、第4図は装置の作動時の正面図
である。 1…コンベヤ、3…押え位置決め部、4…焼印
押え部、6…押え型、7…型面、10…焼き鏝、
14…加熱部。
The figures show one embodiment of the present invention, in which Fig. 1 is a front view of the branding device, Fig. 2 is a plan view of the presser mold, Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the branding iron, and Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the operation of the device. It is a front view. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Conveyor, 3... Presser positioning part, 4... Branding press part, 6... Presser die, 7... Mold surface, 10... Burning iron,
14...Heating section.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 焼菓子がスリツプ可能な表面を有し焼菓子を
低速で搬送するコンベヤと、 焼菓子の外形形状に類似した型面を内側に有し
一部を開口した押え型を該コンベヤの上方に設け
た押え位置決め部と、 コンベヤ上を搬送された焼菓子が前記押え型の
略真下に達したことを検出する光電検出器と、 前記押え型に隣接したコンベヤの上方に焼き鏝
が昇降可能に配設され、該押え型によつて押えら
れたコンベヤ上の焼菓子の定位置に該焼き鏝の加
熱部を押し付ける焼印押し部と、 を備えたことを特徴とする焼菓子の焼印装置。
[Scope of Claims] 1. A conveyor that conveys the baked confectionery at a low speed and has a surface on which the baked confectionery can be slipped, and a presser mold that has a partially open mold surface that resembles the external shape of the baked confectionery on the inside. a presser positioning section provided above the conveyor; a photoelectric detector for detecting when the baked confectionery conveyed on the conveyor reaches approximately directly below the presser mold; and a photoelectric detector provided above the conveyor adjacent to the presser mold. A baked confectionery characterized by comprising: a branding iron pressing part in which a trowel is arranged to be movable up and down and presses a heated part of the trowel to a fixed position of the baked confectionery on the conveyor which is pressed by the presser mold. branding device.
JP27284887A 1987-10-28 1987-10-28 Branding iron device for baked confectionery Granted JPH01117741A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP27284887A JPH01117741A (en) 1987-10-28 1987-10-28 Branding iron device for baked confectionery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP27284887A JPH01117741A (en) 1987-10-28 1987-10-28 Branding iron device for baked confectionery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH01117741A JPH01117741A (en) 1989-05-10
JPH0411176B2 true JPH0411176B2 (en) 1992-02-27

Family

ID=17519617

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP27284887A Granted JPH01117741A (en) 1987-10-28 1987-10-28 Branding iron device for baked confectionery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH01117741A (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2538566Y2 (en) * 1990-07-05 1997-06-18 古河工業株式会社 Heating reciprocating body

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH01117741A (en) 1989-05-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN107249336B (en) Forming method and device for stuffed food
CN215363762U (en) Automatic feeding and discharging device of vertical cup baking machine in hot stamping process
JPH0411176B2 (en)
US20040244617A1 (en) Transfer heat press
US3988093A (en) Apparatus for heat forming a continuous web of plastic
EP0374691A3 (en) Belt assisted press bending
JPH08217007A (en) Device for raising and lowering lower box in packaging device and control method therefor
JP3805958B2 (en) Bread dough pressing method and apparatus
NL9101834A (en) METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR BAKING A SLICE OF PASTE
CN210733257U (en) Semi-automatic cover bending production device for manufacturing composite folder
GB1464100A (en) Packaging of articles
CN120036349B (en) High-temperature baking and conveying device for dried pork slice processing
JP3914298B2 (en) Finger joint material adhesive dryer
JPH0532255Y2 (en)
US2608811A (en) Bread wrapping machine
CN210966576U (en) Hole pressing machine
JP3854352B2 (en) Cap seal mounting device
JPH02634Y2 (en)
JP3595068B2 (en) Pin chip chain manufacturing equipment
GB1249599A (en) Corrugated edging for an endless conveyor
JP4297868B2 (en) Device for tightening puff pastry for lid and method for tightening the same
JPH0412685B2 (en)
SU806531A1 (en) Device for packaging articles between two envelopes
JPH0810191Y2 (en) Wire bonding equipment
JPS584801Y2 (en) Covering film sealing device

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

EXPY Cancellation because of completion of term
FPAY Renewal fee payment (prs date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20080227

Year of fee payment: 16