JPH0411720B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a device for preventing blockage of excavated earth and stone from a tunnel excavator, and more specifically, when earth and stone excavated by a cutter disc are carried out by a jet pump, the earth and stone are taken in. The present invention relates to an excavated soil and stone blockage prevention device that can prevent soil and stone from clogging the mouth.

[Conventional technology]

In a tunnel excavation machine, a bucket is attached to the back of the rotating cutter disk to excavate the face, and after the excavated soil is scraped up by the rotation of the bucket, it is thrown into the hopper below the cutter disk. . When the face is made of hard rock, the excavated soil and stones are in the form of gravel, and when accumulated in a hopper, they often support each other's own weight and form a bridge.

In such a case, the excavated soil and stone will not fall onto the screw conveyor, belt conveyor, etc., and will remain in the hopper, making it impossible to carry out the soil and stone. The particle size of excavated soil and stone is determined by the size of the cutter, etc., and is the same regardless of the diameter of the excavator. Therefore, in the case of an excavator with a small diameter, the soil and stone will be large compared to the volume of the hopper, and blockages due to the bridging phenomenon will occur more frequently. Furthermore, conveyors that transport soil and stone tend to have large diameters and widths, and it is not easy to mount an excavator with a capacity commensurate with the amount of transport into a small-diameter excavator.

For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 104329/1983 describes a structure in which the soil and stones accumulated in the hoppers in the cut chamber are carried out using a chain conveyor device equipped with plates, but this requires many mechanically movable parts. However, it cannot be applied if the diameter of the excavator is small. Therefore, JP-A-56-
As described in Japanese Patent No. 48500, if a jet pump is employed, work efficiency will be improved in various aspects, and continuous operation will shorten the construction period and reduce construction costs. However, with this type of jet pump,
It is necessary to connect the atmospheric air introduction pipe to the protective pipe provided therein, and the suction pipe becomes long, resulting in large suction resistance, which makes it impossible to obtain the highest efficiency.

By the way, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-23039, a jet pipe is placed facing the entrance of the drain pipe, muddy water containing gravel is introduced into the drain pipe along with the jet flow, and excavated soil and stones can be carried out of the machine. The equipment used is listed.

The drain pipe has a large diameter and is used to collect the muddy water in the cutting chamber of the muddy shield excavator together with the gravel by the injector. Therefore, in order to increase the overall flow rate and ensure the flow velocity, in order to prevent sedimentation of soil and stones,
Pressure water higher than the internal pressure of Katsutachiyamba is required. When the pressure water is injected into the opening of the drain pipe,
The dynamic pressure of that high-pressure water will also be used,
This type of device cannot be said to constitute a jet pump that has a throat section and conveys a three-phase mixed flow of negative-pressure jet water, dirt, and air sucked together; it is held in a cutter chamber. Drainage is performed based on the differential pressure between the muddy water pressure and the rear pressure.

Of course, in any of the above cases, if dirt and stones accumulate in the vicinity of the intake port, a bridge may be formed, which impedes smooth conveyance.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

Therefore, Utility Model Application Publication No. 56-53085 and Utility Model Application No. 55-
It is assumed that if the vibrating body described in Publication No. 54246 is applied to the hopper of an excavator, it will be possible to collapse the bridge of excavated soil and stones. but,
Breaking the bridge for transporting excavated soil and stones requires different consideration than when handling granular materials. That is, in the case of powder or granular material, the entire container must be vibrated, and the entire container must be used as a vibrating body.
On the other hand, in the case of excavated soil and stone, it is sufficient to vibrate only the area around the intake port, and local vibration is important. As the bucket rotates, the excavated soil and stones are thrown into the hoppa,
This is because, since the hopper is intermittently fed into each bucket, simply applying vibration to the hopper body will not allow continuous supply to the jet pump, which may cause blockages. In order to incorporate such a vibrating body into a jet pump suitable for an excavator, technical considerations specific to the excavator are also required.

In other words, in order to constantly operate the jet pump at maximum transport efficiency, it is necessary to arrange hoppers that match the flow of debris within the cut chamber and diaphragms that eliminate the bridging phenomenon that occurs within the hoppers in relation to each other. . Another technical problem is that even when the muddy water in the cut chamber cannot be pressurized, such as with a tunnel excavator, the jet pump must be able to transport the dirt and stones.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to use a jet pump that is simple and compact in carrying out excavated soil and stones from an open tunnel excavating machine. This is an attempt to solve the problems that arise.
That is, it is possible to eliminate the bridging phenomenon of soil and stone in the hopper of a cutter chamber, and in particular, to prevent blockage at the soil and stone intake port that tends to occur in excavators with small diameters, and to smoothly transport excavated soil and stones out of the machine. The excavated soil and stone that is intermittently thrown into the hopper as the bucket rotates can be averaged in quantity and continuously and stably supplied to the dirt and stone intake port, and the hopper and jet pump in the cutter chamber and their soil and stone intake port. The arrangement of the debris removal mechanism can be selected to maximize the debris removal efficiency, and the suction resistance can be minimized to maximize pump efficiency. It does not require any structural components and can be made smaller and simpler, and even if vibrations are applied to the excavated soil and stones, it does not have a negative effect on the equipment and various devices installed in the excavator.
In addition, we provide a device for preventing blockage of excavated stones from a tunnel excavator, which can reduce the power required for excitation, and can immediately configure the hopper as a part of the mechanical device, further simplifying the structure. It is to be.

[Means to solve the problem]

The excavated soil and stone blockage prevention device of the tunnel excavator of the present invention uses a bucket provided on the cutter disk to scoop up the soil and stone excavated by the rotation of the cutter disk, and a hopper is provided in the cutter chamber to collect the soil and stones that have fallen from the bucket. Applicable to open tunnel excavators.

Its features include a jet pump 1 at the bottom of the hopper 6, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
6 is disposed, and the dirt and stone intake port 18 of the jet pump 16 is opened to communicate with the bottom of the hopper 6.
In order to discharge the dirt and stones that have passed through the jet pump 16 to the rear of the excavator, the pump casing 17 is extended rearward approximately horizontally, and the area around the dirt and stone intake port 18 is formed into a flat plate, and a vibration-proofing structure is installed on the surface directly above the pump casing 17. Elastic body 20
A flat vibrating body 19 having an opening 21 through which the excavated earth and stones 5 pass is arranged, and a vibrator 22 is attached to the flat vibrating body 19.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the present invention, a hopper is provided in the cutter chamber to collect the soil and stones that have fallen from the bucket of the cutter disk, and a jet pump is provided at the bottom of the hopper, so that the excavated soil and stones in the cutter chamber can be carried out of the machine. In this case, excavated soil and stone in a solid-liquid mixed state in the hopper can be smoothly carried out of the machine without stagnation. In addition, compared to carrying out dirt and stones using a wide conveyor device, the dirt and stone carrying mechanism including not only the hopper but also the jet pump can be made smaller. Since a vibration-proof elastic body and a flat vibrating body equipped with an opening through which the excavated soil and stone passes are attached to the flat plate-shaped part around the soil and stone intake port, the bridging phenomenon of the soil and stone in the hopper in Katsutachiyamba is eliminated. In particular, it is possible to prevent blockages in the dirt and stone intake ports that tend to occur in excavators with small diameters.

In addition, the flat vibrating body is placed on the vibration-proof elastic body, and the soil and stone intake port and its surroundings are only locally vibrated, so that there is no adverse effect on equipment and devices inside the excavator. Since this plate-like vibrating body does not vibrate the hopper itself, the hopper can have a thick plate structure, and the hopper can be configured as a part of a mechanical device. Only a small amount of power is needed to operate the flat vibrating body.

In addition, the arrangement of the hopper and jet pump in the cutter chamber, as well as its debris intake port, can be selected to maximize debris discharge efficiency, eliminating the need for additional components or long suction pipes. Even when air is sucked in, the pump performance remains the same, and the suction resistance can be minimized to maximize pump efficiency.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail based on examples thereof.

FIG. 1 is an overall cross-sectional view of an open type tunnel excavator 10 for transporting excavated soil and stones using a jet pump, and is equipped with a blockage prevention device 11 of the present invention.

The cutter disk 2 equipped with an appropriate number of cutters 12 for excavating the face 1 is connected to a transmission gear 13,
It is rotated by a drive motor 15 via 14.
A cutter chamber 3 is formed at the back of the cutter disk 2, and a hopper 6 is provided in the lower part of the chamber for collecting earth and stones 5 excavated by the rotation of the cutter disk 2 to be carried out. A jet pump 16 is disposed at the bottom of the hopper 6, and a dirt and stone intake port 18 is opened in a pump casing 17 of the jet pump 16 so as to communicate with the bottom of the hopper 6. In order to discharge the excavated soil 5 that has passed through the jet pump 16 to the rear of the excavator 10, a pump casing 17 extends rearward substantially horizontally.

The area around the soil and stone intake port 18 is formed into a flat plate shape, and as shown in FIG.
A flat vibrating body 19 having an opening 21 through which the excavated earth and stones 5 pass is arranged, and a vibrator 22 is attached to the flat vibrating body 19. This plate-shaped vibrating body 19 vibrates on a vibration-proof elastic body 20, and its planar shape is, for example, as shown in FIG.

The above-mentioned vibrator 22 is fixed to the flat vibrating body 19 with bolts 23 or the like so as to extend in a radial direction with respect to the dirt and stone intake port 18, that is, in a radial direction of the circular dirt and stone intake port 18, and its vibration The child 22 vibrates by swinging around in the direction of the arrow 24. For example, the vibrator 22 has a built-in weight (not shown) that is eccentric to the rotating shaft, and vibrations generated by unbalanced force when the shaft rotates are transmitted to the flat vibrating body 19 through the mounting bracket 25.
is transmitted to.

The jet pump 16 carries the excavated soil and stone 5 out of the machine, and its pump casing 17 is located at the bottom of the hopper 6, and the dirt and stone intake port 18 is opened upward as described above. This can be taken in using the weight of the excavated soil 5 in the hopper 6, and is designed to be easily sucked by the negative pressure of the jet pump 16.

Although not shown, pressurized water is supplied to the jet pump 16 by a pump mounted on the rear truck of the excavator. The water stream is accelerated by the nozzle 26 and is reduced in pressure by the throat portion 27, thereby sucking the excavated dirt and stones 5 located at the dirt and stone intake port 18. Therefore, the soil and stones 5 taken in are carried out of the machine by the water flow. Although the piping of the pump casing 17 of the jet pump 16 is not shown, the planar shape of the outgoing water pipe and the return water pipe is U-shaped in the lower part of the excavator 10.
The jet pump action takes place in the illustrated position of the water return pipe where the water flow moves from the cutting chamber 3 side towards the rear of the excavator.

The accumulation of excavated soil and stones 5 in the hopper 6 is carried out by several buckets 4, for example plate-shaped buckets 4 (see Fig. 1) that are fixed to the cutter disk 2 and rotate, so it is difficult to collect the excavated soil and stones 5 evenly at the bottom of the hopper 6. Moreover, as shown by the arrow 28 in FIG. 4, they move unevenly. Therefore, the above-mentioned flat vibrating body 19 may be simply arranged around the dirt and stone intake port 18, but if it is placed facing the arrow 28 along which the excavated dirt and stone 5 moves as shown in the figure, the vibration can be suppressed. The excavated soil 5 to be received can be smoothly transferred to the soil and rock intake port 18.

According to such a configuration, even in an open type excavator where the cutting chamber 3 is not filled with pressurized water, the blockage of the excavated soil and stone 5 at the soil and stone intake port 18 is prevented in the following manner. The dirt and stones 5 can be carried out of the machine by the jet pump 16.

As shown in FIG. 1, the earth and stones 5 excavated by the rotation of the cutter disc 2 first fall into the cutter 3, and after being scooped up by the bucket 4, they fall and are successively dropped into the hopper 6. will be put into the When the excavated soil and stone 5 is not bridging at the soil and stone intake port 18, it is taken into the pump casing 17 by its own weight and the suction force of the jet pump 16, and carried out of the machine by riding on a high-speed water flow.

If the flat vibrating body 19 is operated even in such a state, even if blockage begins to occur in the soil and stone intake port 18, vibrations will be transmitted to the excavated soil and stone 5.
No blisters occur or grow. Also,
Even if bridging begins to occur, it is immediately broken down and no blockage occurs in the dirt and stone intake port 18. In other words, the excavated soil and stones raked up by the bucket 4 are
The excavated soil and stones 5 are intermittently fed into the hopper 6, but due to local vibrations in the vicinity of the dirt and stone intake port 18, the uneven distribution of the excavated soil and stones 5 is evened out, and the soil and stone are continuously fed into the hopper 6. be taken into. Therefore, it is not necessary to make the diameter of the dirt and stone intake port 18 very large, and it is not necessary to make the diameter of the dirt and stone intake port 18 very large.
The debris removal mechanism including 6 can be downsized. As a result, it is possible to perform the functions of a small-diameter excavator without taking up a large space.

On the other hand, bridging as shown in FIG. 5 occurs in the excavated soil and stone 5 in the hopper 6, and when a separately installed detection device or an operator confirms that no soil or stone is mixed in the water flow of the jet pump 16, the vibrator 2
2 to vibrate the flat vibrating body 19. The soil and stones 5 accumulated at the bottom of the hopper 6 are removed by the flat vibrating body 1.
9 vibrations and the bridge collapses. Therefore, the excavated soil and stone 5 above the soil and stone intake port 18
The accumulation of dirt and stones is released, and the dirt and stones 5 continuously fall into the dirt and stone intake port 18 one after another, and the jet pump 16
It is taken in by the negative pressure action of water and carried out by the water flow. In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, if the flat vibrating body 19 is installed along the arrow 28 along which the excavated soil and stone 5 flows, the accumulated soil and stone 5 will naturally move to the soil and stone intake port 18. , jet pump 1
6 becomes even smoother.

The vibrations caused by the flat vibrating body 19 are reduced or absorbed by the vibration isolating elastic body 20 and hardly transmitted to the structural members of the excavator 10. (see figure) and the seal 30.

According to the above explanation, it is possible to avoid the bridging phenomenon of the excavated soil and stone on the soil and stone intake port, and it is possible to smoothly transport the excavated soil and stone out of the machine without stagnation of the excavated soil and stone in a solid-liquid mixed state in the hopper. The debris removal mechanism, including the jet pump, can also be made smaller. Even when air is sucked in through the dirt and stone intake port, the pump performance remains the same, and suction resistance can be minimized to maximize pump efficiency. That is, there is no need to pressurize the inside of the cutter chamber with mud water, and even without mud water pressure, the excavated soil can be carried out only by the force of the jet pump.
It is only necessary to vibrate the excavated soil near the soil and rock intake port to attract it to the opening of the flat vibrating body, and the hopper is not vibrated, so there is no negative impact on the equipment or equipment installed on the excavator. ,
Less power is required for excitation. Since the excavator is an open type, it is extremely easy to check the condition of the face and inspect the stubs.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an open tunnel excavator to which the present invention is applied, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the main parts of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a view taken along the - line in Fig. 2, Fig. 4 is a plan view when the flat vibrating body is arranged in the direction of movement of the earth and stone, and Fig. 5 is a view of the excavated earth and stone at the earth and stone intake. It is a state diagram in which a bridge phenomenon occurs. 2...Katsuta disk, 3...Katsuta chamber, 4...Bucket, 5...Excavated earth and stone, 6...Hopper, 16...Jet pump, 17...Pump casing, 18...Earth and stone inlet, 19...Slab plate shaped vibrating body, 20... vibration-proof elastic body, 21... opening, 22... vibrator.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. In an open tunnel excavating machine, in which soil and stones excavated by the rotation of a cutter disk are scooped up by a bucket provided on the cutter disk, and a hopper is provided in the cutter chamber to collect the soil and stones that have fallen from the bucket. A jet pump is disposed at the bottom of the hopper, and a dirt and stone intake port of the jet pump is opened to communicate with the bottom of the hopper, and the dirt and stone that have passed through the jet pump are discharged to the rear of the excavator.
The pump casing extends rearward approximately horizontally, the area around the dirt and stone intake port is formed into a flat plate, and a flat vibrating body equipped with a vibration-proof elastic body and an opening through which the excavated dirt and stones pass directly above it. A device for preventing blockage of excavated stones from a tunnel excavator, characterized in that a vibrator is attached to a flat vibrating body of the excavator. 2. The excavation stone blockage prevention device for a tunnel excavator according to claim 1, wherein the vibrator is arranged in a radial direction with respect to the dirt and stone intake port.