JPH0412938B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a method for producing roughage pellets that are suitable for high value-added livestock feed and are an effective use of rice husks that are produced in large quantities in Japan. Rice husk is covered with a hard upper skin, which makes it difficult to burn and does not corrode, so its uses are limited, and compared to the 3 million tons of rice husk produced annually in Japan, the amount consumed is very small. However, most of them have not yet been put to effective use. Furthermore, with the modernization of agriculture, large-scale joint production facilities such as Rice Centers (RC) and Country Elevators (CE) have been established in approximately 2,200 locations nationwide as part of agricultural structure improvement projects funded by the government. Therefore, it is becoming necessary to take some measures to dispose of the rice husks that are locally produced in large quantities. The rice husk covers the rice grain from the outside and is made up of an inner shell and an outer shell, and the cell membrane that forms the main body of these parts has a strong structure due to a coating of silica and lignin. The lignin in rice husks is tightly bound to hemicellulose, which structurally tightly encloses the digestible carbohydrates inside. Tests and research have been conducted to utilize this digestible carbohydrate, or crude fiber content, as roughage (a feed that is used in conjunction with concentrate feed to prevent overeating of concentrate feed and to enable rumination and increase feed efficiency). In the case of research reports from livestock research institutes and universities in various places, rice husks have been subjected to processes such as mechanical crushing, chemical dissolution of the epidermis, and biological decomposition by bacteria to expose the crude fiber content and improve its digestibility. A method has been proposed to improve and utilize this. A typical roughage is rice straw, but in view of the current shortage of rice straw, rice husk is being used as a substitute with the same composition (especially fiber), digestibility, and shape as rice straw. It is desirable to manufacture using However, in the conventional method, the powder is mainly used, which makes it difficult to eat.
Feed efficiency was low, and although the volume ratio was smaller than that of rice husk, it was still bulky and had high transportation costs. In addition, it has been proposed to add binders containing nutritious starch and protein to crushed rice husks and form them into concentrated feed. In addition to being unsuitable as roughage, it also had defects such as excessive hardness and poor edibility. In view of the current situation, the present invention provides 1 volume of rice husk to 0.3
Grind to a particle size of 0.25 mm or more so that the volume ratio is ~0.4 volume, adjust the water absorption rate to 200% or more, add 10 to 25% water by weight based on the weight of the rice husks, and mix well. After that, the hardness is 18~25Kg/
By compression molding the pellets into grains, cooling them with an air stream, and drying them to a total moisture content of 15% by weight or less, they can be made into pellets at low cost without adding a binder, and can be used as feed. It has a moderately coarse grain size and moderately soft hardness, making it easy to eat and have high feed efficiency.In addition, it has a hardness that will not be damaged during transportation, and its volume ratio is reduced, resulting in low transportation costs. The present invention will be described in detail below. Rice husk has a hydrophobic tissue structure covered with a hard epidermis, so in order to destroy this, it is first mechanically crushed, but the degree of crushing is determined by adjusting the volume of the rice husk so that the volume ratio has the highest water absorption. When 1 volume is
Adjust so that the volume is 0.3 to 0.4. From the perspective of the movement mechanism, a model with medium speed rotation is suitable for the crusher.
Typical examples thereof include cutter mills and turbo mills, but are not limited thereto. In this way, water is added to the pulverized material at a volume ratio of 10 to 10% by weight based on the weight of the pulverized material, which has the highest water absorption.
After adding 25% by weight and thoroughly mixing, compression molding is performed using a granulator, followed by air cooling using, for example, a vibrating flow system, and drying to reduce the total moisture content of the product.
15% by weight or less. Here, the total moisture content is the moisture content including the moisture content of the rice husk itself (approximately 10%). Further, the pressure during compression molding is adjusted so that the hardness of the produced pellets is 18 to 25 kg/grain. Here, the hardness is the hardness according to GOO1, a method for measuring the crushing strength of granulated materials as specified by the Japan Powder Industry Association. According to the present invention, since appropriate pretreatment is performed prior to compression molding, pelletization can be made using only water without the need for a binder, and the following excellent practical effects are achieved. can play. (1) Because it does not use a binder, it has almost the same composition and nutritional value as rice straw, which is currently in short supply nationwide, and can be easily used as a substitute for rice straw roughage, at a lower distribution cost. It accounts for 1/2 of the rice straw roughage on the market. (2) Since no binder is used, it does not become excessively hard, has a suitable hardness, and can greatly improve both eating and digestibility. (3) The volume ratio is 1/6 to 1/7 that of the raw rice husks, and since the volume ratio is smaller than conventional crushed rice husks, transportation costs are lower and nationwide distribution is possible. (4) Pelletization makes it possible to introduce automatic feeding machines, which reduces feeding labor, which is a big burden on livestock management, to about one-third. (5) Rice husk pellets can be used not only as roughage but also as solid fuel (calorific value is
3,700 to 4,000 Kcal/Kg, making it an alternative to wood fuel). Embodiment In FIGS. 1 and 2, rice husks are supplied from the rice husk storage of a rice center (RC) or a country elevator (CE) to a crusher 102 by a supply conveyor 101, where the rice husks are supplied to a crusher 102 as shown in Table 1. Shattered. This table shows the pulverizing performance and physical properties of the pulverized material when using a cutter mill as a pulverizer.
1, but in both cases the volume ratio after crushing is 0.3~
When the amount was within the range of 0.4 volume, the water absorption rate was over 200%.

【table】

[Table] Next, the pulverized material is blown by the blower 105 to the cyclone 103, where the fine powder is sent to the dust collection chamber by an overflow.On the other hand, the pulverized material except for the fine powder is collected by the cyclone 103, and mixed by the underflow. water is supplied to the machine 104, and water is added to the water machine 106.
Water was added and mixed thoroughly. Furthermore, a fixed amount was supplied to a pelletizer 202 by a quantitative feeder 201, and compression molded into pellets. These pellets are heated to 70 to 80°C due to frictional heat during compression molding, and the total moisture content (including the moisture content of the rice husk itself) is 20 to 30%. The material was cooled by ventilation from the blower 207 and simultaneously dried to a total moisture content of 15% or less. The pellets are fed into the screen 205 by a bucket elevator 204,
After sifting into predetermined sizes, the product tank 20
The pellets were temporarily stored in the mixer 104, and the crushed pellets and the fine particles under the sieve were returned to the mixer 104 as undersize pellets and granulated again to form a product. Note that the dust generated during these steps was disposed of in the dust collection chamber 208. 209 is a suction fan, 210 is a compressor, and 211 is an operation panel. The pelletized product is automatically packed in bags or containers by the packaging machine 300 and stored or shipped via the shipping equipment 400. Table 2 shows the processing of crushed rice husk into pellets (hydration rate
In addition to the processing performance when processing (20%), it also shows an example of the physical properties of the product (pellet). The apparent specific gravity of this pellet is 0.61Kg/, and that of rice husk is 0.09Kg/
, which is much larger than the approximately 0.26 kg/kg of crushed material. The volume ratio is as shown in FIG. 3, and it can be seen from this that the volume ratio of the product (pellet) is significantly reduced compared to that of rice husk and its crushed product.

[Table] Table 3 shows the results of feeding pelleted feed according to the present invention to fattening cattle and examining their feeding properties.For comparison, crushed rice husks and cut rice straw were fed under the same conditions. It also shows the feeding ability when it is eaten.
As is clear from Table 3, good results were obtained in that the amount eaten using the pellets of the present invention was about 80% higher than when using crushed rice husks, and about 40% higher than when using cut rice straw.

[Table] Furthermore, in order to investigate the digestibility of the pelleted feed according to the present invention, an artificial rumen test using ruminal fluid collected from dairy cows fed this feed was conducted to determine the total gas production and volatile fatty acid (VFA) content. The amount was measured. The results are shown in Table 4 in comparison with raw rice husks and crushed rice husks. The greater the total gas production and the lower the molar ratio of acetic acid/propionic acid (C ₂ /C ₃ ), the better the digestibility. From Table 4, the digestibility of the pelleted feed according to the present invention is higher than that of raw rice husks or rice husks. It has become clear that this is significantly improved compared to the case of pulverized materials.

[Table] Table 5 shows the composition of the pellets according to the present invention.

[Table] As is clear from the above explanation, according to the present invention, the roughage has the same composition and digestibility as rice straw, has an appropriately coarse particle size, an appropriate softness and hardness, and has good edibility. The present invention makes it possible to provide a method for producing roughage pellets that have good feed efficiency, have a hardness that is not damaged during transportation, have a reduced volume ratio, and can reduce transportation costs.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show one embodiment of the present invention, in which Fig. 1 is a process diagram, Fig. 2 is a schematic explanatory drawing, and Fig. 3 is a rice husk,
It is a graph showing the volume ratio of the pulverized product and pellets. 101... Supply conveyor, 102... Pulverizer, 103... Cyclone, 104... Mixer,
105... Blower, 106... Water adding machine, 201
...Quantitative feeder, 202...Pelletizer, 20
3...Cooler, 204...Bucket elevator, 205...Screen, 206...Product tank, 207...Blower, 208...Dust collector, 2
09...Suction fan, 210...Compressor, 211...Operation panel, 300...Wrapping machine, 40
0...Shipping equipment.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Volume ratio of 1 volume of rice husk to 0.3 to 0.4 volume
Grind to a particle size of 0.25 mm or more and adjust the water absorption rate to 200% or more. Add 10 to 25% water by weight based on the weight of the rice husk, mix well, and use a granulator to reduce the hardness to 18. Compression molded to ~25Kg/particle, cooled with air flow, and dried to a total moisture content of 15% by weight
A method for producing roughage pellets from rice husks, characterized by the following steps: