JPH0418548B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0418548B2 JPH0418548B2 JP59238720A JP23872084A JPH0418548B2 JP H0418548 B2 JPH0418548 B2 JP H0418548B2 JP 59238720 A JP59238720 A JP 59238720A JP 23872084 A JP23872084 A JP 23872084A JP H0418548 B2 JPH0418548 B2 JP H0418548B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- printing plate
- eccentric shaft
- printing
- support
- bending
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 68
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F27/00—Devices for attaching printing elements or formes to supports
- B41F27/12—Devices for attaching printing elements or formes to supports for attaching flexible printing formes
- B41F27/1287—Devices for attaching printing elements or formes to supports for attaching flexible printing formes devices for bending the printing plates or the printing plate ends
Landscapes
- Supply, Installation And Extraction Of Printed Sheets Or Plates (AREA)
- Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
- Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
- Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明は、支持台を有するオフセツト印刷用版
板の曲げ装置であつて、前記支持台に、互いに反
対側に位置する端面側においてそれぞれ１つの曲
げビームがヒンジ結合されており、さらに版板を
両端面側の範囲で支持面に押付ける、版板のため
の降下可能な押え部材と、規定の版板寸法で版板
両端部を見当合せして曲げるための位置決め部材
とを備えている形式のものに関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a device for bending an offset printing plate having a support, the support being provided with one bending in each case on opposite end sides. The beam is hinged and further includes a lowerable holding member for the printing plate which presses the printing plate against the support surface in the area of both end faces, and aligns both ends of the printing plate with specified printing plate dimensions. and a positioning member for bending.
従来の技術
前述の形式の公知の曲げ装置のばあいには（ド
イツ連邦共和国特許出願公開第2028249号明細
書）、版板を規定の版板寸法で正確に曲げること
ができる。曲げる以前に版板を整合するために、
公知の構成においては位置決めレールもしくは位
置決めピンが使用され、従つて曲げられて完成し
た版板は常に、版板上に存在する画像の見当合せ
に対して同じ位置を占めている。次に、完成され
た版板が版胴に緊締されると、接線方向の応力が
版銅にある程度の伸びを生ぜしめることになる。
係合する緊締機構において、伸び力は発生応力に
相応し、従つて緊締工程後に、版板の版胴への良
好な座着が得られる。近代の緊締機構のばあいに
は、常に同じ応力を得るために版板は、純理論的
な巻付けに要する長さより幾分か短くなるように
縁を曲げられる。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the case of a known bending device of the type mentioned above (DE-A-202-8249), printing plates can be precisely bent to defined printing plate dimensions. To align the printing plate before bending,
In known arrangements, positioning rails or positioning pins are used, so that the finished bent printing plate always occupies the same position with respect to the registration of the image present on the printing plate. When the completed plate is then clamped onto the plate cylinder, tangential stresses will cause the plate to elongate to some extent.
In the engaging clamping mechanism, the stretching force corresponds to the generated stress, so that after the clamping process a good seating of the printing plate on the printing cylinder is achieved. In the case of modern clamping systems, in order to always obtain the same stress, the edges of the printing plate are bent to a length somewhat shorter than that required for a purely theoretical winding.
近代の印刷機のばあいには種々のタイプの版板
が使用されるので、たとえばアルミニウム版板、
バイメタル版板あるいは類似のものが使用される
ので、オフセツト版板を曲げるために公知の装置
を使用すると、版板を緊締するばあいに縁を曲げ
られた版板の片側が引きちぎられてしまう。この
ことは、たとえば曲げ装置が、高い弾性度を有し
ている版板のために設計されているのに、それを
低い弾性度の版板を曲げるために使用したばあい
に生じる。これとは逆に、低い弾性度の版板のた
めに設計された曲げ装置を、高い弾性度の版板に
使用すると、版胴への良好な座着がもはや保証さ
れなくなる。 Different types of plates are used in modern printing presses, for example aluminum plates,
Since bimetallic printing plates or the like are used, the use of known devices for bending offset printing plates results in one side of the bent printing plate being torn off when tightening the printing plate. This occurs, for example, if a bending device is designed for printing plates with a high degree of elasticity, but is used for bending printing plates with a low degree of elasticity. If, on the contrary, a bending device designed for printing plates of low elasticity is used for printing plates of high elasticity, good seating on the plate cylinder is no longer guaranteed.
発明の課題
本発明の課題は、たとえば近代の見当合せ機構
に使用されるような係合する緊締機構で版板を見
当合せして固定することができ、しかもこのばあ
い版板を損傷又は破壊せずに、それにもかかわら
ず版板の版胴への均一な良好な座着を保証するよ
うに固定することができるようなオフセツト印刷
用版板の曲げ装置を提供することである。Problem of the Invention It is an object of the invention to be able to register and secure printing plates with engaging clamping mechanisms, such as those used in modern registration mechanisms, and yet in this case prevent the printing plates from being damaged or destroyed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a device for bending a printing plate for offset printing, which can be fixed in such a way as to ensure a uniform and good seating of the printing plate on the printing cylinder without the need for bending the printing plate.
問題を解決するための手段
前述の課題を解決するために講じた手段は、曲
げるべき版板両端部の間に支持台に対して平行な
偏心軸が設けられており、この偏心軸が、該偏心
軸の回転によつて支持台から版板平面内で運動可
能である偏心的な周面を有していることである。Means for Solving the Problem The means taken to solve the above-mentioned problem is that an eccentric shaft parallel to the support is provided between both ends of the printing plate to be bent, and this eccentric shaft It has an eccentric circumferential surface that is movable in the plate plane from the support base by rotation of the eccentric shaft.
特許請求の範囲の従属項には本発明による有利
な実施態様が示されており、たとえば特許請求の
範囲第２項に記載された偏心軸は、曲げ縁の長さ
を微妙に変化させることができ、かつハンドルを
用いることによつて特殊なタイプの版板に調節す
ることができる。 Advantageous embodiments according to the invention are indicated in the dependent claims, for example in which the eccentric shaft according to claim 2 is capable of slightly changing the length of the bending edge. and can be adjusted to specific types of printing plates by using the handle.
発明の効果
本発明によつて得られる利点は、簡単な手段に
よつて、及び時間のかかる調整作業なしに、曲げ
るべき種々異なるタイプの版板の長さを版板にお
ける固有の伸びに応じて調節することができるこ
とである。使用者は、規定の版板を使用するばあ
いに、この版板タイプのために十分な長さ、すな
わち十分な緊締を得るように、変位するそれぞれ
の寸法を予め選ぶだけでよい。このばあい個々の
種類の版板長さの差は、極めてわずかに、つまり
数分の１mmにしかならないように考慮されてい
る。Effects of the Invention The advantages obtained by the invention are that the lengths of different types of printing plates to be bent can be adjusted by simple means and without time-consuming adjustment operations, depending on the inherent elongation in the printing plate. It is something that can be adjusted. When using a defined printing plate, the user only has to preselect the respective displacement dimension so as to obtain a sufficient length and therefore sufficient tension for this printing plate type. In this case, it is assumed that the differences in length between the individual printing plate types are extremely small, ie only a fraction of a millimeter.
実施例
第１図及び第２図に示された曲げ装置は、支持
台１と降下可能な押え部材２とから成つており、
支持台と押え部材との間に版板３が締込まれる。
版板が見当合せされて載せられるために周知の位
置決め部材が設けられているが、これは図示され
ていない。版板の互いに反対側に位置する端面側
において、曲げビーム４が支持台１にヒンジ結合
されており、該曲げビームは、図示の一点鎖線で
示すように上方の出発位置を占めることができ
る。版板を挿入した後に、曲げビーム４が下方へ
運動せしめられかつこのことによつて版板端部
５，６が支持台１の角隅形状に相応して下方へ曲
げられる。第２図に示す実施例のばあいには、曲
げられた版板の両端部相互間の寸法が、支持台１
によつて規定される寸法に相応する。このことに
よつて版板両端部５，６は互いに正確に平行に延
びかつ版胴への純理論的な巻付け長さに要する長
さより幾分か短い寸法で曲げられる。版板を版胴
に緊締する際に版板の伸びのために必要な緊張力
によつて接線方向の応力が版板に及ぼされ、この
応力が版板の十分な固定及び版胴への有利な座着
を保証する。Embodiment The bending device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 consists of a support base 1 and a lowerable presser member 2,
The printing plate 3 is clamped between the support base and the presser member.
A known positioning element is provided for registering the printing plate, but this is not shown. On the opposite end sides of the printing plate, a bending beam 4 is hinged to the support 1, which bending beam 4 can assume an upper starting position as indicated by the dash-dotted line in the drawing. After the printing plate has been inserted, the bending beam 4 is moved downwards, so that the printing plate ends 5, 6 are bent downwards in accordance with the corner shape of the support base 1. In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the dimension between the two ends of the bent printing plate is
corresponds to the dimensions specified by. As a result, the ends 5, 6 of the printing plate extend exactly parallel to each other and are bent to a length somewhat shorter than that required for the purely theoretical winding length on the printing cylinder. When tightening the printing plate to the printing cylinder, the tension force necessary for the elongation of the printing plate causes tangential stresses to be exerted on the printing plate, and these stresses ensure sufficient fixation of the printing plate and an advantageous effect on the printing cylinder. Guaranteed comfortable seating.
支持台１のほぼ中央に、偏心軸７の形状の調節
部材が設けられており、この調節部材は支持台１
に対して平行に延びている。偏心軸７の回転によ
つて、偏心軸の偏心された周面８が支持台１の平
面より程度の差こそあれ持上げられ、従つて新し
い版板３を支持台に載せて押え部材２によつて締
込むさいに版板は直線から変位される。このため
に押え部材２には切欠き部９が設けられている。
版板３の直線からのこのような変位により、支持
台１上の版板の曲げられた両端部相互間の距離が
延長される。それ自体わずかなこのような偏位に
より、版胴に固定された版板の伸びを減少させる
ことができる。 An adjustment member in the shape of an eccentric shaft 7 is provided approximately in the center of the support 1.
extends parallel to. Due to the rotation of the eccentric shaft 7, the eccentric circumferential surface 8 of the eccentric shaft is lifted to a greater or lesser extent from the plane of the support 1, and a new printing plate 3 is therefore placed on the support and held by the presser member 2. When tightening the plate, the plate is displaced from the straight line. For this purpose, the holding member 2 is provided with a notch 9.
This displacement of the printing plate 3 from a straight line increases the distance between the curved ends of the printing plate on the support 1. Such a deviation, which is small in itself, makes it possible to reduce the elongation of the printing plate fixed to the printing form cylinder.
第３図において、縦座標に接線方向の応力Ｆ
が、横座標に伸び距離Δsが示されている。直線ε1
はたとえばバイメタル版板の応力が増加するさい
の伸びの増加を示し、直線ε2はアルミニウム版板
の伸び特性を示す。ライン１０は理想の応力を示
し、このラインを見れば、伸び距離Δsは両タイ
プの版板で異なる長さであることが明らかにわか
る。 In Figure 3, the stress F tangential to the ordinate
However, the elongation distance Δ s is shown on the abscissa. Straight line ε 1
shows, for example, the increase in elongation with increasing stress in a bimetallic plate, and the straight line ε 2 shows the elongation properties of an aluminum plate. Line 10 shows the ideal stress and it is clearly seen from this line that the stretch distance Δ s is of different length for both types of printing plates.
第４図は、支承台１２に支承されている偏心的
にずらされたピン１１を有する偏心軸７を示して
おり、前記支承台は支持台１と一緒に基台１３に
固定されている。ピン１１の延長部１４にハンド
ル１５が固定されており、ハンドルによつて偏心
軸７を微妙に回転させることができる。さらにこ
の延長部１４には、目盛り１７を有する円板１６
が固定されていて、目盛り１７は矢印１８によつ
てその都度の調節位置を示す。位置１９はたとえ
ばアルミニウム版板のために設けられており、位
置２０はバイメタル版板のために設けられてい
る。故意でない調節を避けるために、弾性的に支
持された球状係止部材２１が設けられている。 FIG. 4 shows an eccentric shaft 7 with an eccentrically offset pin 11 which is supported on a bearing 12, which is fixed together with the support 1 to a base 13. FIG. A handle 15 is fixed to the extension 14 of the pin 11, and the eccentric shaft 7 can be slightly rotated by the handle. Furthermore, this extension 14 has a disc 16 having a scale 17.
is fixed, and the scale 17 indicates the respective adjustment position by means of an arrow 18. Position 19 is provided, for example, for an aluminum printing plate, and position 20 is provided for a bimetallic printing plate. To avoid unintentional adjustment, an elastically supported spherical locking member 21 is provided.
第１図は変位された版板を有する曲げ装置の側
面図、第２図は最低の長さで曲げられた版板を有
する曲げ装置の側面図、第３図は種々の版板のた
めの伸びを示す線図、第４図は偏心軸の部分縦断
面図、第５図は目盛りを有する偏心軸の端面図で
ある。
１……支持台、２……押え部材、３……版板、
４……曲げビーム、５，６……版板端部、７……
偏心軸、８……周面、９……切欠き部、１０……
ライン、１１……ピン、１２……支承台、１３…
…基台、１４……延長部、１５……ハンドル、１
６……円板、１７……目盛り、１８……矢印、１
９，２０……位置、２１……球状係止部材。
1 is a side view of a bending device with a displaced printing plate, FIG. 2 is a side view of a bending device with a printing plate bent to a minimum length, and FIG. 3 is a side view of a bending device with a printing plate bent to a minimum length. A line diagram showing the elongation, FIG. 4 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of the eccentric shaft, and FIG. 5 is an end view of the eccentric shaft having a scale. 1... Support stand, 2... Pressing member, 3... Print plate,
4... Bending beam, 5, 6... Edge of printing plate, 7...
Eccentric shaft, 8... circumferential surface, 9... notch, 10...
Line, 11... Pin, 12... Support stand, 13...
...Base, 14...Extension part, 15...Handle, 1
6...disk, 17...scale, 18...arrow, 1
9, 20...position, 21...spherical locking member.
Claims (1)
装置であつて、前記支持台に、互いに反対側に位
置する端面側においてそれぞれ１つの曲げビーム
がヒンジ結合されており、さらに版板を両端面側
の範囲で支持面に押付ける、版板のための降下可
能な押え部材と、規定の版板寸法で版板両端部を
見当合せして曲げるための位置決め部材とを備え
ている形式のものにおいて、曲げるべき版板両端
部５，６の間に支持台１に対して平行な偏心軸７
が設けられており、この偏心軸７が、該偏心軸の
回転によつて支持台１から版板平面内で運動可能
である偏心的な周面８を有していることを特徴と
するオフセツト印刷機用の曲げ装置。 ２ 支持台１に、該支持台に対して平行に偏心軸
７が設けられており、偏心軸の偏心的に回転され
る周面８が版板３と接触しており、従つて偏心軸
７の回転時に版板３が回転距離に相応して直線か
ら変位されるようになつている特許請求の範囲第
１項記載の曲げ装置。 ３ 偏心軸７がハンドル１５によつて回転可能で
ありかつ目盛り１７によつて調節可能である特許
請求の範囲第２項記載の曲げ装置。[Scope of Claims] 1. A bending device for an offset printing plate having a support, to which each bending beam is hinged on opposite end sides, further comprising: It is equipped with a presser member that can be lowered for the printing plate, which presses the printing plate against the support surface in the range of both end faces, and a positioning member that aligns and bends both ends of the printing plate with specified printing plate dimensions. In this type, an eccentric shaft 7 parallel to the support base 1 is installed between both ends 5 and 6 of the printing plate to be bent.
is provided, the eccentric shaft 7 having an eccentric circumferential surface 8 which is movable in the plate plane from the support 1 by rotation of the eccentric shaft. Bending equipment for printing presses. 2. The support base 1 is provided with an eccentric shaft 7 parallel to the support base, and the eccentrically rotated peripheral surface 8 of the eccentric shaft is in contact with the printing plate 3, so that the eccentric shaft 7 2. A bending device as claimed in claim 1, in which the printing plate 3 is displaced from a straight line in accordance with the rotation distance when the printing plate 3 is rotated. 3. A bending device according to claim 2, wherein the eccentric shaft 7 is rotatable by means of a handle 15 and adjustable by means of a scale 17.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3341924A DE3341924C2 (en) | 1983-11-19 | 1983-11-19 | Bending device for offset printing plates |
| DE3341924.8 | 1983-11-19 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60120058A JPS60120058A (en) | 1985-06-27 |
| JPH0418548B2 true JPH0418548B2 (en) | 1992-03-27 |
Family
ID=6214786
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59238720A Granted JPS60120058A (en) | 1983-11-19 | 1984-11-14 | Bender for print plate for offset printing |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4598568A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0142728B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS60120058A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3341924C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3539586A1 (en) * | 1985-11-08 | 1987-05-14 | Roland Man Druckmasch | METHOD FOR APPLYING A PROTECTIVE COATING TO A PRINTING CYLINDER WITH DEVICES FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD |
| DE3739173A1 (en) * | 1987-11-19 | 1989-06-01 | Feintool Int Holding | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR BENDING WORKPIECES |
| DE3938477A1 (en) * | 1989-11-20 | 1991-05-23 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | PRINT PLATE BENDING DEVICE |
| DE3943566A1 (en) * | 1989-11-20 | 1991-05-23 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Flexible printing plate for form cylinder - is of convex shape arched outwards near ends |
| DE4306237A1 (en) * | 1993-02-27 | 1994-09-01 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Device for setting the inclined register in a clamping device for clamping printing plates in an offset printing machine |
| DE19516368C2 (en) * | 1995-05-04 | 1999-09-23 | Neumeister Geb Gmbh | Method and device for adapting the position of printing plates to the deformation of the paper to be printed |
| US5699740A (en) * | 1996-06-17 | 1997-12-23 | Creo Products Inc. | Method of loading metal printing plates on a vacuum drum |
| US5987949A (en) * | 1997-03-18 | 1999-11-23 | Heidelburg Harris, Inc. | Plate scanner--bending device |
| DE10338374A1 (en) * | 2003-08-21 | 2005-03-17 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Printing plate guide device for printing plate changer has clamping gap shaped to produce required geometry of rear edge |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US412254A (en) * | 1889-10-08 | Mills | ||
| US864325A (en) * | 1906-05-04 | 1907-08-27 | Mcdonald Machine Company | Can-forming machine. |
| US1710985A (en) * | 1927-01-31 | 1929-04-30 | Monighan Mfg Corp | Excavating-bucket-forming machine |
| US2190423A (en) * | 1937-12-06 | 1940-02-13 | Motor Products Corp | Windshield frame bending machine |
| GB983523A (en) * | 1962-10-11 | 1965-02-17 | Rubery Owen & Company Ltd | Improvements relating to load-supporting plates or panels |
| DE2036490A1 (en) * | 1970-07-23 | 1972-01-27 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | Method and device for properly fitting flexible printing plates on the forme cylinder of multi-color sheet-fed offset rotary printing machines |
| US3677059A (en) * | 1971-02-19 | 1972-07-18 | Burroughs Corp | Lithoplate bender |
| US3733872A (en) * | 1971-07-15 | 1973-05-22 | C Gregoire | Roller bender for offset printing plates |
| DE2628249C3 (en) * | 1976-06-24 | 1984-08-02 | Heinz 5653 Leichlingen Metje | Bending device for offset printing plates |
| JPS5338263A (en) * | 1976-09-21 | 1978-04-08 | Toshiba Corp | Plasma treating apparatus of semiconductors |
| DE3221489C2 (en) * | 1982-06-07 | 1985-03-28 | Heinz 5653 Leichlingen Metje | Bending device for offset printing plates |
-
1983
- 1983-11-19 DE DE3341924A patent/DE3341924C2/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-10-20 EP EP84112690A patent/EP0142728B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-11-14 JP JP59238720A patent/JPS60120058A/en active Granted
- 1984-11-19 US US06/672,803 patent/US4598568A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4598568A (en) | 1986-07-08 |
| DE3341924C2 (en) | 1987-03-26 |
| DE3341924A1 (en) | 1985-05-30 |
| EP0142728A2 (en) | 1985-05-29 |
| JPS60120058A (en) | 1985-06-27 |
| EP0142728B1 (en) | 1989-01-11 |
| EP0142728A3 (en) | 1986-02-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3533355A (en) | Printing plate saddle | |
| US4643093A (en) | Double-creased lithoplate and method of mounting on a web press | |
| US4977833A (en) | Lithographic plate fastening apparatus of printing press | |
| JPH0418548B2 (en) | ||
| JPS6341146A (en) | Stretcher combining fixation for block palte | |
| US5186108A (en) | Axially adjustable register pin | |
| US5485784A (en) | Printing plate cylinder with universal lockup apparatus | |
| US5715752A (en) | Device for drawing a printing plate onto the plate cylinder of a printing machine | |
| US4557684A (en) | Bender for synthetic resin printing plates | |
| JPH08267716A (en) | Device for clamping plates on the torso | |
| US5088410A (en) | Plate lockup apparatus for printing press | |
| US1521665A (en) | Plate-clamping device | |
| US5131327A (en) | Plate winding apparatus | |
| JP2000272094A (en) | Tightening device for tensioning foam plate | |
| US5295435A (en) | Plate lockup apparatus for printing press | |
| JP3012021U (en) | Device for fixing the plate to the body of the finishing unit | |
| JP2568411Y2 (en) | Printing plate vise device | |
| US3393638A (en) | Device for securing a flexible printing plate to a cylinder of a rotary printing press | |
| US3878784A (en) | Method of fastening a printing plate on a cylinder in a printing press and device for said fastening | |
| JP2975002B2 (en) | Clamping device | |
| JPS6135934Y2 (en) | ||
| JPH087140Y2 (en) | Position adjustment mechanism in optical system | |
| JPS6319149Y2 (en) | ||
| US1752659A (en) | Plate-registering means | |
| JPH091776A (en) | Printer |