JPH0426369B2 - - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Industrial Field of Application) The present invention provides an attic space, an attic space, or an underfloor space above and below a ventilation space formed between an earthen wall and an exterior body. By communicating,
It is designed to provide good ventilation in the ventilation space, thereby preventing the occurrence of condensation in the ventilation space, and maximizing the benefits of the earthen wall.In addition, it facilitates construction and improves the stability of the earthen wall. It concerns a wall structure that achieves this.

(Prior art) The so-called earthen wall construction method, in which walls such as the exterior walls of buildings are formed by incorporating earthen walls, has been developed since ancient times in Japan, focusing on the excellent breathing, heat insulation, and heat storage effects of earthen walls. It has been adopted since then, and even today, buildings using this earthen wall construction method are the mainstream in some regions. Note that the term "breathing action of the earthen wall" as used herein refers to the action that the earthen wall repeatedly absorbs and discharges moisture in response to weather changes, and the same shall apply hereinafter in this specification.

An example of a wall constructed by this earthen wall construction method is shown in FIG. This figure shows a wall c as an outer wall formed between a base a and a truss b, and the lower end e of the earthen wall d is in contact with the upper surface f of the base a. and the upper end g thereof is in contact with the lower surface h of the barrel insert b,
An exterior body i is disposed on the outside of the earth wall d, and a sealed space j is formed between the earthen wall d and the exterior body i.

(Problems to be solved by the invention) In recent years, buildings have become much more airtight and have improved heating levels compared to before.
The resulting condensation has been raised as a major problem. This also applies to buildings whose walls are constructed using the earthen wall construction method. In other words, in conventional buildings with a lot of ventilation, due to the effective breathing action of the earthen walls, the moisture absorbed in the earthen walls is gradually discharged before it reaches a saturated state, so that However, as buildings became more airtight and heating levels improved, the moisture in the earthen walls became saturated before it could be discharged, causing condensation between the earthen walls and the exterior body. This resulted in a situation where internal condensation occurred in the closed space j. In other words, the excellent breathing effect of the earthen wall was hardly exhibited, and the water content in the earthen wall increased, resulting in a situation where the insulation performance of the earthen wall became significantly inferior. It is.

Mainly in view of the current situation, the present inventors have proposed a method for constructing earthen walls without impairing the original excellent characteristics of earthen walls and taking into consideration improvements in the workability and stability of earthen walls. As a result of research to adapt the construction method to recent construction techniques, the present invention was conceived.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The wall structure of the present invention includes upper and lower ventilation members 3b and 3a attached to the upper and lower opposing surfaces of the upper and lower horizontal members, and upper and lower ventilation members 3b and 3a that are attached to the left and right opposing surfaces of the left and right columns. The upper, lower, left, and right edges of the wall base material 24 are held by the left and right edge fixing members 7a and 7b, and wall soil is applied from both sides of this wall base material to form the earthen wall 9, and the soil is A ventilation space 11 is formed between the wall 9 and the exterior body 10 on the outside thereof. In addition, the lower ventilation member 3a is provided with a ventilation opening 22 that communicates with the underfloor space 49 or the attic space 50, and the upper ventilation member 3b is provided with a ventilation opening 22 that communicates with the attic space 50 or the attic space 51. An opening 22 is provided. The upper and lower ventilation members 3b, 3a have a web 16 extending in the longitudinal direction thereof projecting from a mounting piece 17 attached to the opposing surface, and ventilation openings 22 are arranged in parallel in the longitudinal direction of the web 16, Further, a wall abutting piece 21 having a width equal to the thickness of the earthen wall to be formed and capable of coming into contact with the end face of the earthen wall is provided at the tip of the web, and a wall abutting piece 21 is provided at the widthwise intermediate portion of the wall abutment piece 21 in the longitudinal direction. An extending fixing piece 25 is provided in a protruding manner, and a small bump fixing part 31 is provided in a protruding manner on the fixing piece 25 in accordance with the arrangement pitch of the vertical small bumps 29. On the other hand, the left and right edge fastening members 7a, 7b are attached to the mounting pieces 36 attached to the opposing surfaces.
A pair of clamping pieces 37, 3 that clamp the edge of the wall base material 24
8 are protrudingly provided opposite to each other, one of the clamping pieces is connected to the mounting piece 36 through a soft bent part, and the clamping piece is provided with a groove that matches the installation pitch of the horizontal holder 41. It is characterized in that a small fixing part 43 is provided protrudingly.

(Function) Therefore, the ventilation space 11 formed between the earthen wall 9 and the exterior body 10 is connected to the attic space 51, the attic space 50, or the underfloor space 49 at its upper and lower ends.
Since it is in communication with the earth wall 9, the moisture in the earth wall 9 is
It is efficiently removed by the airflow in the ventilation space 11. Therefore, the earthen wall 9 tends to dry out, and the earthen wall 9 exerts its characteristic breathing action, heat insulation action, etc. no matter what.

Also, when constructing earthen walls, the upper and lower ventilation members 3b,
3a and the left and right edge fixing members 7a and 7b hold the upper, lower, left and right edges of the wall base material, thereby stabilizing the earthen wall.

In addition, the protruding receiving part 47 (see Fig. 4) on one side of the wall abutment provided on the lower ventilation member 3a receives the lower end of the vertical sash 29 and the lower end of the lath wall base material. This makes it easier to hold the wall base material on the ventilation member or the edge stopper member.

Particularly, when the wall base material 24 is formed by knitting small pieces in a lattice shape, the small piece fixing parts 31 and 43 of the ventilation member and edge stopper member function as positioning pieces for the small piece when forming the wall base material. It functions as the fixed part of Shimata Komai.

Particularly when the wall base material 24 is made of lath, the edge stopper member is provided with pieces 37, 38 that sandwich the edges of the wall base material.
Hold it in between.

Furthermore, both side edges 4 of the wall abutment pieces of the upper and lower ventilation members
8 and 48 function as plastering trees when painting wall clay.

(Example) Examples of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.

1 to 5, the wall structure of the present invention has a lower ventilation member 3a attached to the upper surface 2 of the lower horizontal member 1a.
, the upper ventilation member 3b attached to the lower surface 4 of the upper horizontal member 1b, and the left edge stopper member 7a attached to the column surface 6 of the left column 5a (see Figs. 4 and 5). and the right edge stopper member 7b attached to the column surface 8 of the right column 5b.
A mud wall 9 is formed by interposing the earth wall 9 and an exterior body 10 on the outside thereof, and a ventilation space 11 is formed between the earth wall 9 and the exterior body 10 on the outside thereof. FIG. 1 shows a case where the wall structure of the present invention is applied to the outer walls W1 and W2 of the first or second floor.

A more specific explanation of this is as follows.

The lower horizontal member 1 corresponds to the foundation 12 in the case of the outer wall W1 on the first floor, and the sill 13 in the case of the outer wall W2 on the second floor. Also, upper horizontal member 1b
Taking the outer wall W1 of the first floor as an example, the trunk insert 1
3 is applicable, and taking the second floor exterior wall W2 as an example, eave sill 1
5 applies.

The lower ventilation member 3a and the upper ventilation member 3b have similar configurations, and are integrally molded using, for example, synthetic resin. The ventilation member (see FIG. 3) has an elongated rectangular plate shape, and a lower horizontal member 1a is attached to one longitudinal side edge of the web 16 whose width direction coincides with the vertical direction.
A mounting piece 17 is provided to be attached to the upper surface 2 or the lower surface 4 of the upper horizontal member 1b, while the other longitudinal edge of the web 16 has a width equal to the thickness of the earthen wall 9 to be formed. A wall abutting piece 21 is provided which can come into contact with the upper end surface 19 or the lower end surface 20 of the earthen wall 9, and the web 16 is provided with a wall abutting piece 21 in the longitudinal direction thereof, for example, by punching or notching means, in the figure, by punching means. It is formed by arranging rectangular ventilation openings 22 in parallel.
A main body 23 having a substantially I-shaped cross section is formed, and the upper and lower edges of a wall base material 24 are formed at the middle portion in the width direction of the wall abutting piece 21 of the main body 23 (the portion closer to one side in this embodiment). It protrudes from the fixed piece 25 that holds the.
Here, the wall base material 24 is formed by a wall base material 24a formed by knitting small pieces in a lattice shape, and a wall base material 24b made of lath. The fixing piece 25 is provided with a pitch (see FIGS. 2 and 4) that is equal to the pitch of the vertical strips 29 forming the wall base material 24 at the tip edge of the continuous plate-like protrusion 26. , opposite side parts 30, 30
A rectangular plate-shaped small fixing part 31 is provided that projects slightly inwardly. In addition, the plate-like protrusion 26 is provided with relatively large through holes 32 for allowing wall soil to dig in, and the small fixing portion 31 is provided with a lath wall base material 2.
4b (see FIG. 5) is provided with a small hole 33 that is used for fixing the holder 4b (see FIG. 5). In addition, in FIG. 3, the reference numeral 35 is used to fit connection pieces when connecting the ventilation members to each other, or to connect the earth wall 9.
These grooves are used for biting the lower end surface portion 20 and upper end surface portion 19 (see FIG. 1) of the .

The edge fastening members 7a and 7b have mounting pieces 36 attached to the pillar surfaces 6 and 8, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
A pair of clamping pieces 37 and 38 are provided oppositely and projectingly to clamp the edge 53 of the wall base material 24b made of lath,
One of the clamping pieces 38 is connected to the mounting piece 36 via a soft bent part 39. In addition, the sandwich piece has
At the tip edge of the continuous plate-like protrusion 40, at a pitch equal to the pitch of the horizontal strips 41 forming the wall base material 24a using the strips (see FIGS. 4 and 5),
A small fixing part 43 is provided in a protruding manner in the form of a rectangular plate with opposing side parts 42, 42 slightly inclined inward. In addition, comparatively large through holes 44 are arranged in parallel on the plate-like protruding part 40 to allow wall soil to dig in, and a lath wall base material 24b (see Fig. 5) is fixed to the small fixing part 43. A small hole 45 is provided which is used for such purposes.

However, in the wall structure of the present invention, when the wall base material is constructed of small strips, as shown in FIGS. A lower ventilation member 3a and an upper ventilation member 3b are attached to each of the longitudinal center portions of the lower surface 4 of the upper horizontal member 1b so as to face each other. Also, the left and right adjacent pillars 5a,
Edge fastening members 7a, 7 are provided on the pillar surfaces 6, 8 of 5b, respectively.
Attach b facing each other. Thereafter, the upper and lower end portions of the vertical bumps 29 that come into contact with the holes 46 are fixed to the small jump fixing parts 31 of the upper and lower ventilation members 3b and 3a using small jump ropes (FIGS. 2 and 4). . At that time, it is preferable to place the lower end of the lower part on the protruding receiving part 47 on one side of the wall abutting piece 21 (FIG. 4). Then, in the same manner as in the prior art, the wall base material 24a is formed by meshing the small pieces in a grid pattern and fixing the left and right end portions of the horizontal pieces to the small piece fixing portions 43 (FIG. 4). After that, the upper and lower ventilation members 3
Both side edges 48, 4 of the wall abutting pieces 21, 21 of b, 3a
8 is used as a plastering tree (see FIG. 3), and wall soil is applied from both sides of the wall base material 24 to form a mud wall 9 having a thickness equal to the width of the wall abutment piece 21. Note that the wall soil has through holes 32 and grooves 3 in the upper and lower ventilation members.
5. It also bites into the through hole 44 of the left and right edge fastening members,
The ventilation members 3 and 7 and the earthen wall 9 are integrated. After the earthen wall 9 is formed in this manner, the exterior body 10 is provided at a slight interval on the outside of the earthen wall 9, thereby forming the wall structure of the present invention, as shown in FIG.
A ventilation space 11 formed between the earth wall 9 and the exterior body 10 communicates with the underfloor space 49 or the attic space 49 via the ventilation opening 22 of the lower ventilation member 3a, and communicates with the upper ventilation member 3a. 3b ventilation opening 22
through the attic space 50 or the attic space 51
communicate with.

Therefore, in the case of the wall shown in FIG. 1, the air blown into the underfloor space 49 is as shown by the arrow.
It flows into the ventilation space 11 through the ventilation opening 22 of the lower ventilation member 3a, and is discharged into the attic space 50 through the ventilation opening 22 of the upper ventilation member 3b. After that, in the outer wall part of the upper floor, the air is
It flows from the attic space 50 through the ventilation space 11 to the attic space 51, and is discharged to the outside through a ventilation opening provided in the attic. For this reason, the moisture in the earthen wall 9 is effectively removed by the rising air current in the ventilation space 11. Therefore, the earthen wall 9 tends to dry out, and the earthen wall 9 exerts its breathing and heat insulating effects.

In addition to being applied to an exterior wall, the wall structure of the present invention can also be applied to an indoor wall W3, as a part (lower part) is shown in FIG. As shown by arrows in the same figure, air flows, for example, from the attic space 50 through the ventilation space 11 to the attic space 51 and the like. Note that the lower ventilation member and exterior body are given the same reference numerals as above.

FIG. 5 shows a case where the wall base material 24 is constructed of lath. In this case, the upper and lower edges 52, 52 of the lath wall base material 24b are connected to the upper and lower ventilation members 3b, 3a using wire or the like in the small holes 33.
It is fixed to the fixed piece 25 of. Further, the left and right edges 53, 53 of the lath wall base material 24a are provided with edge fastening members 7.
It is fixed by a and 7b. To fasten the edge 53 with the edge fastening member, after attaching the mounting piece 36 to the column surface, open one of the clamping pieces 38 and attach it to the wall as shown by the dashed line in FIG. The edge 53 of the base material is brought into contact with the other clamping piece 37, and then the open clamping piece 38 is closed as shown by arrow F, and the edge 53 is held between both clamping pieces 37 and 38. Clamp and, if necessary, nail the entire clamping pieces 37, 38 and edge 53 at the pierced portion 46.

Note that the wall structure of the present invention can be applied without contradiction to so-called air circulation type buildings. Here, an air circulation type building is one in which a ventilation space is provided in the exterior or interior walls, the ventilation space is communicated with the space under the floor, the attic space, or the attic space, and the air is circulated in the communication space to improve livability. This refers to a building that is constructed in such a way that it not only improves energy efficiency but also exhibits energy-saving effects. FIG. 6 illustrates a part of the outer wall of an air circulation type building constructed by applying the wall structure according to the present invention, and shows the ventilation path and the air passage formed between the cloth foundation 55 and the foundation 12. A part of the large amount of air that has flowed into the ventilation space 11 through the ventilation opening 22 of the lower ventilation member 3 rises toward the attic space, and another part of the air flows through the ventilation opening 22 of the upper ventilation member 3b. opening 22
The air flows into the attic space 50 through the ceiling, and efficient air circulation is performed without being affected by the presence of the earthen wall 9. As a result, the moisture in the earthen wall 9 is efficiently removed by the airflow,
The breathing action and heat insulation action of the earthen wall 9 will be fully exhibited. In addition, the hot and cold heat in the circulating air is efficiently stored in the earth wall 9, and is gradually dissipated into the circulating air, so that the temperature of the circulating air is averaged.

(Effects of the Invention) The wall structure of the present invention forms a clay wall between the upper and lower horizontal members via upper and lower ventilation members, and provides ventilation between the clay wall and the outer exterior body. As a result of the structure in which the upper and lower parts of the space are communicated with the attic space, the attic space, or the underfloor space, the moisture in the earthen walls is efficiently removed by the air flow in the ventilation space, thereby eliminating the problem of internal condensation. For this reason, when applying the wall structure of the present invention, even in buildings of recent years, where airtightness and heating levels have greatly improved, the excellent properties inherent to earthen walls, such as breathing, heat insulation, and heat storage, can be applied. This makes it possible to adopt the earthen wall construction method while making full use of its effects.

In addition, the structure of the present invention is constructed by interposing upper and lower ventilation members disposed on opposing surfaces of the upper and lower horizontal members, and ventilation openings are provided in the upper and lower ventilation members. By simple construction, the ventilation space formed between the earthen wall and the exterior body can be communicated with the attic space, the attic space, or the underfloor space.

Furthermore, when constructing a clay wall, the upper, lower, left, and right edges of the wall base material are held by the upper and lower ventilation members and the left and right edge retaining members, so that a clay wall with excellent stability is formed.

In addition, since the protruding receiving part on one side of the wall abutment provided on the lower ventilation member can receive the lower end of the sash or the lower end of the lath wall base material, the wall base material can be used as a ventilation member and edge stopper member. It can be expected that the work will be made easier when holding it.

In particular, when the wall base material is formed by knitting the small mai in a lattice shape, the small mai fixing part of the ventilation member or edge stopper member can function as a positioning piece for the small mai when forming the wall base material. It is possible to efficiently knit small dances by making the intervals between the dances uniform. In addition, since the Komai can be firmly fixed at the Komai fixing part,
The wall base can be stabilized, and the stability of the earthen wall can therefore be improved.

In addition, the width of the wall abutting pieces of the upper and lower ventilation members is set equal to the thickness of the earthen wall to be formed, so when forming the earthen wall, both side edges of the wall abutment pieces function as plastering timbers. Therefore, the formation of the earthen wall can be made more efficient.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
The figure is a perspective view showing the installed state of the ventilation member together with the structure of the earthen wall, Figure 3 is a perspective view illustrating the ventilation member, and Figure 4 shows the edge of the wall base material made of knitted small mai cloth with the ventilation member and the edge. Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing the structure of an earthen wall using lath wall base material, and Fig. 6 shows the application of the wall structure of the present invention to the outer wall of an air-circulating building. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a wall constructed using the conventional earthen wall construction method. 1a... Lower horizontal member, 1b... Upper horizontal member, 3a...
Lower ventilation member, 3b... Upper ventilation member, 7a... Left edge stopper member, 7b... Right edge stopper member, 9... Earthen wall,
10... Exterior body, 11... Ventilation space, 16... Web,
17... Mounting piece, 21... Wall abutment piece, 22... Ventilation opening, 24... Wall base material, 25... Fixing piece, 29... Vertical small dancer, 31... Small dance fixing part, 36... Mounting piece, 49...
Under-floor space, 50...Attic space, 51...Attic space.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Upper and lower ventilation members 3b, 3a attached to the upper and lower opposing surfaces of the upper and lower horizontal members, and left and right edge retaining members 7a, 7b attached to the left and right opposing surfaces of the left and right columns. Then, the upper, lower, left, and right edges of the wall base material 24 are held, and wall soil is applied from both sides of this wall base material to form the earth wall 9, and the earth wall 9 and the exterior body 1 on the outside thereof are
A ventilation space 11 is formed between the lower ventilation member 3a and the ventilation opening 2 that communicates with the underfloor space 49 or the attic space 50.
2 is provided, and the upper ventilation member 3b is provided with a ventilation opening 22 that communicates with the attic space 50 or the attic space 51, and the upper and lower ventilation members 3b, 3a are attached to opposing surfaces. The mounting piece 17 has a web 1 extending in its longitudinal direction.
6 are bored, and ventilation openings 22 are arranged in parallel in the longitudinal direction of the web 16, and the web 16 has a width equal to the thickness of the earthen wall to be formed and a hole that abuts the end face of the earthen wall. A wall abutting piece 21 that can be contacted is provided, and a fixing piece 25 extending in the longitudinal direction is provided protruding from the widthwise intermediate portion of the wall abutting piece 21, and the fixing piece 25 has a pitch for disposing vertical bumps 29. Komai fixing part 31 according to
On the other hand, the left and right edge retaining members 7a and 7b have a pair of clamping pieces 37 and 38 that sandwich the edge of the wall base material 24 facing a mounting piece 36 that is attached to the opposing surface. One of the clamping pieces is attached to the mounting piece 36 through a soft bent part.
The wall structure is characterized in that a small dance fixing part 43 is protruded from the sandwiching piece in accordance with the arrangement pitch of the horizontal small film 41.