JPH0427920B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field]

The present invention uses aquatic plants or other vascular plants that can grow on water on the water surface of a waterway to remove water from rivers, lakes, etc. or gray water that is eutrophic with nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. The present invention relates to a water treatment device that processes raw water.

[Prior art]

In rivers, lakes, ponds, artificial ponds, fountain ponds, drainage ditches, water storage tanks, etc., into which various types of wastewater such as domestic gray water, sewage, industrial wastewater, and agricultural water from fields flow, the suspended solids contained in the wastewater are Turbid matter, organic matter, and nutrient salts such as nitrogen and phosphorus cause eutrophication, deteriorating water quality, making it impossible for fish to live there, and further deteriorating the water quality. This is because the water contaminated by the sewage (hereinafter referred to as "raw water" in the present invention) becomes eutrophic and generates a large amount of plankton, etc., and the remains of fish and plankton that die due to lack of oxygen in the water. Due to sedimentation and sedimentation, the muddy bottom mud turns into sludge, and dead fish and plankton are decomposed with oxygen.
This is because dissolved oxygen (DO) is consumed, resulting in an oxygen-deficient state, and when this oxygen-deficient state occurs, H ₂ S begins to be generated, and at the same time, iron, manganese, nitrogen, and phosphorus are eluted. Therefore, in order to stop the eutrophication of the raw water, it is necessary to supply oxygen to the bottom of the water to prevent the leaching of nutrients, etc., or to remove the nutrient salts eluted from the bottom mud by some method. It is. Common methods for removing eluted nutrient salts include mechanical means such as scraping and collecting bottom sludge, sucking it up with a pump, etc., concentrating the sucked up sludge to create a solid substance, and disposing of it, and sulfuric acid band. Chemical methods are known, such as adding a flocculant such as to generate phosphorus and a poorly soluble compound to inactivate it, or sterilizing with chlorine or the like. However, the former mechanical treatment method requires large-scale equipment, and the latter chemical treatment method requires
It requires chemical treatment equipment and large amounts of flocculants, making it unsuitable for fish and other organisms. And both are undesirable from a superficial perspective. Furthermore, when eutrophication occurs, algae grow due to the action of the three major plant nutrients and photosynthesis, impairing transparency, but since the algae that grow are microorganisms, there is a problem that they cannot be completely removed even by filtration. Ta. Therefore, floating or aquatic aquatic plants, such as water hyacinth and water hyacinth, or other vascular plants that can grow on water, are planted in mesh containers placed below the water surface of ephemeral or circulating waterways, allowing them to develop underwater. Several devices have been disclosed that treat raw water mainly through the activities of rhizosphere microorganisms that form around the roots. (For example, see Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-28720.) In an apparatus for purifying raw water mainly through the activities of rhizosphere microorganisms formed around the underwater roots of aquatic plants (hereinafter referred to as "aquatic plant treatment apparatus" in the present invention). If nutrients such as nutrient salts in the inflowing raw water are effectively attached to the underwater roots of plants, the activity of rhizosphere microorganisms will be increased and the absorption of nutrients in the raw water will be promoted. The effect can be increased.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

In conventional water treatment equipment using aquatic plants,
In order to effectively attach nutrients in the inflowing raw water to the underwater roots of plants, a barrier such as gravel or a blocking plate is installed to create appropriate turbulence in the flowing water at the bottom of the flow channel. This allows the water to flow gently through the underwater root zone of the plant. However, with this measure, in order to develop an effective rhizosphere microbial colony, fairly intense turbulence must be created to effectively mix the raw water flowing down the roots of the plant up and down, which is already There is a risk that the formed rhizosphere microbial colonies will peel off. Moreover, with this method, the state of turbulence may change depending on the size of objects that cause turbulence placed throughout the waterway, the flow rate and velocity of raw water, changes in the waterway area due to the growth of plant roots, etc. Therefore, there were problems in that it was difficult to properly arrange the blocking body, and the effectiveness of water treatment was low. Furthermore, with this method, when underwater roots develop and become densely concentrated directly under the mesh container that prevents the plants that have grown in the upper part of the waterway from being submerged, the raw water mixed by the turbulence flows through the underwater roots. Since the penetration conditions are different between the upper and lower parts, there is a problem that the nutrients in the raw water do not adhere effectively, and as a result, the effectiveness of nutrients being absorbed is low. Furthermore, this method requires a blocker to be installed over the entire lower surface of the aquatic plants to create turbulent flow, and is expensive. The present invention uses a simple device to generate an appropriate eddy current in a raw water channel, effectively attaching nutrients in the raw water to the underwater roots of aquatic plants, effectively treating the raw water, and preventing fish and other organisms from growing. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a water treatment device using aquatic plants for obtaining clear gray water with a transparency of about 0.5 m, which is livable.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to solve the above object, in a water treatment device in which aquatic plants are grown in a water channel, a plurality of net-like containers in which aquatic plants are planted are placed in the water channel, and are arranged in opposing directions forming the flow walls of the water channel. A main channel is formed between each container and the other side wall of the opposing flow channel, and a vortex flow is generated between the adjacent containers. This feature is characterized in that it is made to occur. Further, one or more partition walls forming a flow wall in the direction of flow in the flow channel are provided to form a divided flow channel between the one partition wall and a side wall of the flow channel, or between the plurality of partition walls, and , in the divided flow channel,
A plurality of net-like containers planted with aquatic plants are removably installed at appropriate intervals on at least one of the side walls or partition walls forming the flow wall of the divided flow channel, and a side wall of the divided flow channel that faces each of the containers is provided. It is characterized in that a main flow path is formed between the containers to generate a vortex between the adjacent containers. In addition, if the main flow path is formed between containers that are provided oppositely to opposite flow walls, that is, both side walls and/or partition walls, vortices will be generated on both sides of the main flow path, and effective water flow will be achieved. Can be processed. Water treatment is effective when a mud draining means is provided at the bottom of the flow channel. Furthermore, it is preferable that a hook is provided on the net-like container in which the aquatic plants are planted, and the container is suspended from the upper end of the side wall of the flow channel or the divided flow channel via the hook.

[Effect]

When raw water flows into the flow channel, the flow of raw water seen from the upper part of the flow channel is such that the flow of raw water is opposite to the net-like container in which the aquatic plants are planted, which is attached to the flow wall of at least one of the flow channel or the divided flow channel. When the flow passes through the main channel between the channel or the flow wall of the divided flow channel, a portion of the flow flows between the container and the container attached downstream at an appropriate interval, creating a gentle vortex-like turbulence. A flow occurs. The underwater roots of the aquatic plants develop directly under and around the mesh container, and nutrients such as nutrient salts in the raw water adhere to the underwater roots, and a colony of rhizosphere microorganisms is formed, and the microorganisms Organic matter is decomposed and absorbed through the underwater roots. The vortex that is generated at this time descends in a gentle swirl, so the nutrients in the raw water are properly adhered to the entire upper and lower parts of the underwater roots, without causing the colonies of rhizosphere microorganisms that have already formed to separate. , the activity of rhizosphere microorganisms is enhanced, and the absorption of nutrients in raw water is effectively promoted. In this way, a plurality of net-like containers in which the aquatic plants are planted are provided on the flow wall consisting of the side wall or partition wall in the flow channel or divided flow channel.
The raw water that flows down is gradually treated, making it possible to obtain clear gray water with a transparency of about 0.5 m that allows fish and other organisms to live and to be observed from above. Suspended matter in the raw water that aggregates and becomes coarse due to the action of living things while flowing down the water channel does not attach to the underwater roots of the aquatic plants, and when it falls to the bottom, it is slowly washed away down the bottom. However, the coarse fallen suspended solids are effectively discharged by the mud draining means provided at the bottom of the flow channel. Further, when a hook is provided on the container and the hook is suspended from the upper end of the flow wall consisting of the side wall and the partition wall,
Since the container can be easily removed from the side wall, overgrown or dead aquatic plants can be easily replanted, and it is also easy to replace the doubling soil and remove roots. .

【Example】

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In Fig. 2, a water channel 11 through which raw water such as water from rivers, lakes, or gray water that is eutrophic with nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus flows. on the surface of the water,
Activities of rhizosphere microorganisms formed around roots developed in water by growing floating or waterborne aquatic plants, such as water hyacinth, water hyacinth, or other vascular plants that can grow on water. In the water treatment apparatus 10 for treating the raw water, a partition wall 13 is provided in the flow channel 11 to form a divided flow channel 12 in which the partition wall 13 and the side wall 35 of the flow channel 11 serve as flow walls 40. Rectifier plates 14 and 14' are provided at the upstream and downstream ends of the partition wall 13, respectively, over the entire cross section of the flow channel 11,
The partition wall 13 is supported and fixed. A distribution pond 22 for distributing the raw water to each of the divided water channels 12 is provided on the upstream side of the current plate 14, and a collection pond for water treated in each of the separate water channels 12 is provided on the downstream side of the current plate 14'. 23 are provided. An introduction pipe 20 for sending the raw water is installed in the distribution pond 22, and a water pipe 21 for sending the treated water is arranged in the collecting pond 23 via a pump 24. In each of the divided flow channels 12, the aquatic plants 1
6. Stone, sponge, rock wool, etc. (not soil, and it varies depending on the type of plant) 1.
8 into a basket-shaped mesh container 15 having a square upper cross section, and via hooks 19 provided at the upper end of the mesh container 15, a plurality of the side walls 35, which are the flow walls of the divided flow channel 12, are implanted. The containers 15 are suspended at appropriate intervals, and a main channel 41 is formed between each container 15 and the opposing side wall 35 of the divided flow channel to generate a vortex between the containers 15. . Note that a plurality of containers 15 are provided, and the side wall 35 and the partition wall 1, which are both flow walls of the divided flow channel 12, are connected to each other.
3, if it is detachably provided at appropriate intervals,
The containers 15 provided on both side walls 35 are disposed at opposing positions, and a main flow path 41 is formed between the opposing containers 15 to create a vortex between the containers 15 arranged in parallel in the water flow direction. Set it so that it occurs. Note that the net-like container 15 may be a basket-like container having a substantially circular upper section. Furthermore, without providing the hook 19 on the upper end of the mesh container 15, the mesh containers 15 are arranged in the same manner so that the flow wall 40
It may be removably affixed to. The bottom surface of the flow channel 11 is inclined in the width direction, and a mud drain pipe 25 is provided at the lowest position via a valve 26 to collect and discharge coarse fallen suspended solids. Next, to explain the operation of the embodiment of the present invention, when the eutrophic raw water is sent from the introduction pipe 20 to the distribution pond 22 of the flow channel 11, it is rectified by passing through the rectifying plate 14. , and are divided into each divided flow channel 12. Nutrients such as nutrient salts in the raw water flowing into the divided flow channel 12 are transferred to the side wall 35 and the partition wall 1.
A mesh container 15 attached to a flow wall 40 consisting of 3
A colony of rhizosphere microorganisms is formed by the rhizosphere microorganisms, and organic matter in the raw water is decomposed by the rhizosphere microorganisms and absorbed from the underwater roots 17. Therefore, the divided flow channel 1
2 passes through the main channel 41 between the mesh container 15 in which the aquatic plants 16 are planted and the partition wall 13 of the opposing divided flow channel 12 , a part of the flow passes through the mesh container 15 . A gentle vortex-like turbulent flow, that is, a vortex flow 2, flows into the mesh container 15 installed downstream through an appropriate gap.
7 occurs. Since this vortex flow 27 descends while swirling gently, the nutrients in the raw water are properly adhered to the entire upper and lower parts of the underwater roots without peeling off the colonies of rhizosphere microorganisms that have already formed. The activity of microorganisms in the sphere is enhanced, and the absorption of nutrients in raw water is effectively promoted. In this way, since a plurality of mesh containers 15 in which aquatic plants 16 are planted are provided in the divided flow channel 12, the flowing raw water is gradually treated, passes through the rectifying plate 14', and reaches the collecting pond 23. . In this way, it is possible to obtain clear gray water with a transparency of 0.5 meters that allows fish and other organisms to grow. The suspended matter in the raw water that aggregates and becomes coarse due to biological action while flowing down the water channel does not attach to the underwater roots 17 of the aquatic plants 16 and falls to the bottom of the water channel 11, and this fallen suspended matter The object 29 is slowly pushed down the bottom of the flow channel 11, which is inclined in the width direction, to a low position and downstream, and when the valves 26 of the sludge drain pipes 25 installed at various locations are opened, the sludge drain pipes are opened. 25 and is discharged to the outside. As shown in FIGS. 4B and 4C, a sedimentation tank 28 is provided on the bottom surface around the position where the sludge drainage pipe 25 is provided, and the fallen suspended matter 29 is deposited in the sedimentation tank 28, and the sludge drainage pipe 25 is deposited as needed. It may also be discharged from
Further, as shown in FIG. 5, a sedimentation tank 30 is provided at the bottom of the collecting pond 23 to deposit the fallen suspended solids 29 that have been slowly flowing down the bottom of the flow channel 11. From the sludge pipe 31 extending from 29 to the sedimentation tank 30, the pump 32 provided in the sludge pipe 31
It may be discharged by Since the mesh container 15 in which the aquatic plants 16 are planted is cage-shaped, the underwater roots 17 develop directly under and around the mesh container 15, and the nutrient suspension in the raw water is easily captured around the underwater roots 17, and the rhizosphere microorganisms. colonies are more likely to form. In addition, hook 1
9 is suspended from the upper end of the partition wall 13 via the hook 19, the mesh container 15 can be easily replaced from the partition wall 13,
A flourishing aquatic plant 16 or a dead aquatic plant 16 can be easily replanted. It is also easy to replace the culture soil and remove the roots. As shown in FIG. 6, the device of the present invention includes a water treatment device 10 of the present invention provided in a pond with a flow channel 11, and a circulation pipe equipped with a pump 33 for pumping the treated water. It can be used by supplying water to the pond at 34. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 7, a bypass waterway 11 may be provided in a natural or artificial river, and the water treatment device 10 of the present invention may be installed in the waterway 11 to perform water treatment. In any case, the water treatment device of the present invention can be easily installed in the water channel itself if there is a water channel.

【Effect of the invention】

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it produces the effects described below. In a water treatment device in which aquatic plants are grown in a water channel, a plurality of net-like containers in which aquatic plants are planted are detachably attached to at least one flow wall of the water channel at appropriate intervals. In addition, a main flow path is formed between each of the containers and the other side wall of the opposing flow channel to generate a vortex between the adjacent containers, so the device is very simple and inexpensive. Since the vortex generated between each mesh container in which the aquatic plants are planted descends slowly, the already formed colonies of rhizosphere microorganisms are not detached, and the nutrients in the raw water are distributed above and below the underwater roots. It will adhere well throughout,
As a result, the activity of rhizosphere microorganisms is increased, the absorption of nutrients in the raw water is effectively promoted, and it is possible to obtain clear gray water with a transparency of 0.5 m that allows fish and other organisms to grow. Furthermore, since the device of the present invention is an all-natural water treatment device, it can perform treatment that is harmless and safe for fish and other living things, and when combined with other water treatment devices, it can be used for pre-treatment or post-treatment. It can be used as a processing device. In addition, in an artificial stream, it is possible to easily install the water treatment device using aquatic plants of the present invention in the middle of the stream, and if installed in a park etc., by planting various ornamental plants,
It will be a sample garden similar to an aquatic plant garden, so above the water it becomes a landscape, and below the water it becomes a raw water treatment device. Furthermore, since each aquatic plant is planted in each net-like container, it is possible to maintain and manage each net-like container separately. Further, by providing a partition wall in the water channel to form a divided water channel, and providing the water treatment device using the aquatic plants of the present invention in the divided water channel, water treatment can be carried out very effectively. Furthermore, by providing a means for draining sludge at the bottom of the water channel, suspended solids in the raw water that aggregate and become coarse due to the action of living organisms while flowing down the water channel can be effectively discharged, allowing water treatment to continue. This will be done more effectively. Furthermore, by providing a hook on the net-like container in which the aquatic plants are planted, and suspending the net-like container via the hook from the upper end of the partition wall forming the flow wall of the flow channel or the divided flow channel, Since the container can be easily replaced from the side wall, overgrown or dead aquatic plants can be easily replanted, and the cultivation soil can be replaced and roots can be easily removed, making management easier. is easy.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a partial perspective view of a water treatment device using aquatic plants according to the present invention, Fig. 2A is a plan view, Fig. 2B is a sectional view taken along arrow A-A, and Fig. 2C is shown as arrow B-B. 3 is a perspective view of a mesh container planted with aquatic plants attached to the side wall, FIG. 4A is a plan view of the device according to the present invention, FIG. Figure 4C is a sectional view taken along arrow D-D, Figure 5 is a sectional view of the main part with a sedimentation tank provided on the bottom of the collecting pond, and Figures 6 and 7 are:
An explanatory diagram of an application example using the device of the present invention is shown. 10...Water treatment device, 11...Flow channel, 12...
... Divided flow channel, 13 ... Partition wall, 14 ... Straightening plate,
15... Net-like container, 16... Aquatic plant, 17...
Underwater roots, 18...Culture soil, 19...Futsuku, 20
...Introduction pipe, 21 ... Water pipe, 22 ... Distribution position, 23 ... Collection pond, 24 ... Pump, 25 ...
Sludge drain pipe, 26... Valve, 27... Vortex, 28...
... Sedimentation tank, 29 ... Fallen suspended matter, 30 ... Sedimentation tank, 31 ... Sludge removal pipe, 32, 33 ... Pump, 3
4...Circulation pipe, 35...Flow channel side wall, 40...
...Flow wall, 41...Main channel.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A water treatment device in which aquatic plants are grown in a flow channel, wherein a plurality of net-like containers in which aquatic plants are planted are placed in the flow channel on opposite sides forming the flow walls of the flow channel. At least one side wall of the wall is removably provided at an appropriate interval, and a main flow path is formed between each container and the other side wall of the opposing flow channel,
A water treatment device using aquatic plants, characterized in that a vortex is generated between the adjacent containers. 2. In a water treatment device in which aquatic plants are grown in a water channel, one or more partition walls forming a flow wall in the direction of water flow are provided in the water channel, and a partition wall is provided between the partition wall and a side wall of the water channel, or A divided flow channel is formed between the plurality of partition walls, and within the divided flow channel, a plurality of net-like containers in which aquatic plants are planted are appropriately attached to at least one of the side walls or partition walls forming the flow wall of the divided flow channel. A main channel is formed between the other side wall or partition wall of the divided flow channel facing each of the containers, so that a vortex is generated between the adjacent containers. Water treatment equipment using aquatic plants. 3. Each of the containers is removably provided at an appropriate interval so as to face opposite side walls forming the flow walls of the flow channel or the divided flow channel, or a partition wall facing one side wall, or both partition walls, and 3. The water treatment device using aquatic plants according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a main flow path is formed between the containers facing each other, or between one side wall and the opposing partition wall, or between the opposing containers of both partition walls. 4. The water treatment device using aquatic plants according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a sludge drainage means is provided on the bottom surface of the flow channel. 5. The water treatment device using aquatic plants according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the container is provided with a hook, and the container is suspended from the upper end of the side wall via the hook.