JPH0429008B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to an automatic vertical device and an automatic horizontal device used for measuring vertical points and setting horizontal planes in the fields of construction and civil engineering.

2. Description of the Related Art For a long time, vertical observation or level observation was carried out visually by using a bubble tube to hold a vertical instrument or leveling instrument horizontally, and setting the optical axis of a telescope mounted on the main body vertically or horizontally. However, recently, an automatic leveling device has been developed that automatically determines the horizontal plane.

The current automatic leveling device has a telescope with a vertical optical axis consisting of a condensing lens and a light emitting source, and the condensing lens or the light source is suspended from a hanging wire with a length equal to the focal length of the condensing lens. The optical axis was made vertical regardless of slight inclination, a pentagonal prism was placed above the condenser lens to bend the optical axis horizontally, and this was rotated to form an automatic horizontal rotation device.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention By the way, in such conventional technology, in the method of suspending the condenser lens, a necessary condition for satisfying the automatic compensation effect is to hang it with a hanging line having a length equal to the focal length of the condenser lens. As a result, the focal length of the condenser lens could not be made longer than the pendulum length to obtain stability and braking conditions for the hanger, and as a result, the focal length of the condenser lens was short, resulting in poor level or vertical accuracy. .

Furthermore, in the method of hanging the light source, the length of the pendulum is equal to the focal length of the condensing lens, so not only is the accuracy poor due to short focal length, but the entire pendulum must be insulated because the current for the light source is supplied using a hanging wire. The disadvantages were that the structure was complex, the manufacturing cost was high, and the failure rate was high.

As mentioned above, conventional products have short focal lengths of condensing lenses that make it difficult to obtain high precision, and the pendulum mechanism is complex, resulting in frequent failures.The present invention has developed a condensing lens using a new optical mechanism that suspends a right-angle prism. It was devised to double the focal length of the lens and realize automatic compensation in two orthogonal directions using a simple pendulum suspension system.

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention solves the above problems, and its contents will be explained below with reference to drawings corresponding to embodiments.

In Fig. 1, the vertical ridgeline of the dihedral reflective right-angle prism 2 is located below the condenser lens 1 having vertical optical axes V and V' at a position approximately 1/2 of the focal length F of the condenser lens. The light emitting source 3 is attached to the pendulum stand 4 and fixed to the main body 7 together with the condensing lens 1 at the focal position on the reflection optical axis of the dihedral reflective right angle prism.

As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the pendulum stand 4 is suspended by two sets of hanging wires 8, 8' and 9, 9' that intersect at the hanging points 5 and 5' of the upper main body 7, respectively, and open downward. The vertical length L of the hanging wire is 1/2 of the focal length F.

The suspension lines 8 and 9 are parallel, and the plane containing the incident and output optical axes of the dihedral reflective rectangular prism is parallel to the plane containing the left and right suspension points 5, 5'.

With the above structure, even if a pendulum with pendulum length L is used, the optical path length will be twice the pendulum length, so the focal length of the condensing lens will be twice as accurate as the conventional automatic vertical device or automatic horizontal device. can be improved.

Function As shown in FIG. 2, if the device with the optical system described above is tilted at a small angle θ while the dihedral reflective right-angle prism 2 is fixed to the main body, the virtual image point of the light emitting source 3 will be the same as the condenser lens 1. The first dihedral reflective right angle prism
It is located at the focal point 3' on the straight line extension connecting the reflection point 2', and the displacement S ₁ from the vertical line V, V' is S ₁ = F・θ
becomes.

However, in the present invention, as shown in FIG.
Since the vertical length L of the parallel suspension line is 1/2 of the focal length, if the device is tilted in the , V', and the other reflection points have also moved by the same amount, so the total amount of movement of the optical axis S=
2・S ₂ = 2・L・θ=F・θ, which is exactly equal to the amount of movement S ₁ of the light source when the prism is fixed to the main body, and the light from the light source is always emitted vertically even if the main body is tilted. be done.

Since the prism 2 has right-angled dihedral reflection, even if its entrance/exit surface is inclined, the incident light and the exiting light are parallel and perpendicular.

Also, Figure 4 shows the cross-sectional structure of the pendulum in the Y direction.Since the pendulum is a free pendulum with the upper hanging point 5 as the fulcrum, the reflective surface of the dihedral reflective rectangular prism attached to the pendulum follows the inclination of the main body. Regardless, since it always remains horizontal, the reflected optical axis also remains vertical.

Due to the above-described operation, the vertical device of the present invention automatically compensates for the optical axis to be vertical even if the main body is tilted in either of the two orthogonal directions.

Embodiment Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

In FIG. 1, the right-angled ridgeline of the dihedral reflective right-angle prism 2 is positioned below 1/2 of the focal length F of the condenser lens 1 so that the optical axes V and V' of the condenser lens 1 are vertical. A light emitting source 3 is placed at a focal position on the reflection optical axis, and the light beam from the light emitting source passes through a condensing lens 1 and is emitted vertically upward. Second
The figure shows that when these optical elements are fixed to the main body and tilted at an angle of θ about the condenser lens 1, the emitted light beam is also emitted at an angle of θ.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show that the two-sided reflective right-angle prism 2 of the optical system is mounted on the pendulum stand 4 with the right-angled ridge line facing downward, and two hanging lines 8, 8' are connected to the upper hanging points 5, 5'. 9 and 9' are respectively shown in a front view and a side view showing a state in which the pendulum stand 4 is suspended so that they are opened downward. The spacing between the support points 6, 6' and 6'', 6 of the pendulum stand is equal to and parallel to the spacing 5, 5' between the upper hanging points, and the vertical length L of the hanging line is set to 1/2 of the focal length of the condenser lens 1. .

When using a pendulum with the above structure, when the main body is tilted at an angle of θ in the The light emitted from the light emitting source 3 located above is always emitted vertically upward through a condensing lens.

In addition, when the main body is tilted in the Y direction, since the pendulum stand 4 is a free pendulum supported at one point, the upper hanging point 5, the first and second reflecting surfaces are always kept horizontal, so they are vertical from the light emitting source 3. The luminous flux incident on is reflected vertically.

Therefore, when using the optical system and pendulum device of the present invention, even if the main body is tilted in either of the two orthogonal directions, the light emitted from the light source 3 is emitted vertically upward through the condenser lens.

In order to brake the pendulum stand 4, there is a support stand 1 at the bottom.
Attach the brake plate 11 made of pure copper through the circumference 2.
Magnetic braking is performed by arranging magnets 12, 12' at four locations (invented by the present inventor, published in 1973)
-24269).

FIG. 5 shows an example of the actual configuration of the vertical and horizontal rotation device of the present invention, in which a dihedral reflective right-angle prism 2 is fixed to a pendulum stand vertically below the condenser lens 1.
is suspended by a pendulum with a length of 1/2 of the focal length, and the reflected optical axis is bent to the side by a right-angle prism 13.The light source 3'' can be adjusted vertically and horizontally to the focal point and the common range point when viewed from the reflection point of the right-angle prism. A rotation axis 1 that is supported by a mechanism that allows the main body to rotate on an axis that includes the vertical optical axes V and V'.
4 and 15, and when this rotation axis is rotated in four orthogonal directions, the amount by which the vertically upper projection point moves is detected, and the light source position is adjusted vertically so that it does not move at one point. This allows the optical axis to be determined.

When used as an automatic horizontal rotation device, a pentagonal prism 16 is provided on the top of the condensing lens 1 and is rotated by a motor around the vertical axes V and V' so that the luminous flux is rotated within a horizontal plane. good.

Effects of the Invention As described above, the present invention automatically compensates for perpendicularity with respect to inclinations in two orthogonal directions by simply suspending a dihedral reflective rectangular prism using two sets of two suspension lines that intersect at the upper suspension point. Not only does it have a simple structure and low manufacturing cost, but it also has the great advantage of being able to use a condensing lens with a focal length twice the length of the pendulum, which improves vertical and horizontal accuracy to twice that of conventional products. , by supporting the entire device with a rotating axis on the vertical optical axis.
It has many advantages in that the absolute vertical or horizontal position can be easily adjusted in the field, and it can also be used as an automatic leveling device simply by attaching a rotating pentagonal prism to the same structure.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a principle diagram showing the optical structure of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a principle diagram showing the optical action when the device is tilted at a small angle, and Figs. 3 and 4 are a front view and side view of the pendulum mechanism. FIG. 5 shows one embodiment showing the overall configuration of the optical system and mechanism of the apparatus of the present invention. 1...Condensing lens, 2...Double reflective right angle prism,
3...Light source, 4...Mounting base, 5,5'...Upper suspension point,
6, 6...Mounting base suspension wire support point, 7...Main body, 8, 8',
9, 9'... Suspension line, 10... Support stand, 11... Brake plate,
12, 12'...Magnet, 13...Right angle prism, 14,
15... Rotation axis mechanism, 16... Pentagonal prism, F... Focal length of condensing lens, L... Vertical length of hanging wire, θ...
Tilt of the main body, S ₁ ... Amount of movement of the light source when the main body is tilted, S ₂ ... Amount of movement of the prism when the main body is tilted,
V, V'...Vertical line, H...Horizontal line.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Suspend the mount attached with the right-angled ridgeline of the dihedral reflective rectangular prism facing downward using two sets of left and right parallel suspension lines consisting of two suspension lines that intersect at the upper suspension point and open downward, and then hang the pendulum suspension line. The vertical length of the lens should be 1/2 of the focal length of the condenser lens, and the condenser lens should be placed above one of the two vertical optical axes of the dihedral reflection, and the focal position on the other vertical optical axis or the right angle prism should be The light emitting source is placed at the focal point common range position on the optical axis bent by the lens, and the entire device is supported by a rotary shaft that can rotate around the vertical optical axis passing through the center of the condenser lens to form an automatic vertical device. An automatic vertical device and an automatic horizontal device, which are constructed by arranging a pentagonal prism that can rotate around the vertical axis above the condensing lens of the device.