JPH0430249B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a culture bag for edible mushroom fungi such as shimeji mushroom, enokitake mushroom, nameko mushroom, oyster mushroom, maitake mushroom, and mushroom mushroom. [Conventional technology] A culture medium such as sawdust or rice sugar is put in and sterilized, and seed bacteria are planted in this to prevent the invasion of various bacteria.
Examples of bags for culturing mushrooms that allow only an appropriate amount of air to circulate include the mushroom culture bags described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-42287 and Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 59-55450. The mushroom culture bag described in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-42287 is
As part of the olefin plastic film bag,
It is equipped with a porous plastic film that has a specific area, pore diameter, and porosity, and the latter mushroom culture bag described in Jitsugikai No. 59-55450 is
A part of a similar olefin plastic film bag is provided with a single nonwoven fabric having a specific weight and thickness. [Problem to be solved by the invention] The cultivation of mushroom fungi involves causing a part of the hyphae, which serves as a vegetative organ of the plant, to undergo a morphological change to form a fruiting body, which is a reproductive organ, and this is not achieved. In particular, there is no purpose for culturing mushroom fungi. It is known that such culture conditions are not limited only to providing the bacteria with appropriate aeration (oxygen), but are also controlled by various factors such as temperature, light, and humidity. The above-mentioned known mushroom culture bag prevents the invasion of bacteria from the outside with the entire bag, and also allows ventilation necessary for the growth of bacteria through the porous plastic film or nonwoven fabric part provided in the bag. However, it does not fully solve problems such as temperature, light, and humidity. In view of the current situation, it is an object of the present invention to provide a mushroom culture bag that meets the conditions for inducing the primordium of fruiting bodies and exhibits an excellent effect on growing mushroom fungi after the primordium is formed. The purpose is to [Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the mushroom culture bag of the present invention has holes formed in the upper part of a transparent plastic film bag colored in either purple, blue or green, and A breathable porous sheet, which is made by stacking multiple sheets of nonwoven fabric made of polyethylene fibers and/or polypropylene fibers and integrating them by thermocompression bonding, is tightly fixed in the hole in a polymerized state. It is characterized in that the effective area for gas passage formed by the sheet is 1 to 5 cm ² per volume of mushroom culture medium. The mushroom culture bag of the present invention is formed of a colored transparent plastic film selected from purple, blue, and green, thereby appropriately restricting the passage of light rays,
In addition, a breathable porous sheet made by thermally bonding multiple sheets of non-woven fabric and integrating them is tightly attached to the hole provided in a part of this bag, so that the effective area for gas permeation is within a predetermined range. The bag is regulated to prevent bacteria from entering from this area, while at the same time supplying the air necessary for the growth of mycelium into the bag. The material for such plastic film bags is one that is sufficiently resistant to heat treatment during sterilization and is made of olefin plastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyester, nylon, vinylon, polyvinyl chloride, and the like. The color of the bag is selected from purple, blue, or green, with purple being particularly preferred. Such coloring involves adding a coloring agent to the plastic material that forms the plastic film, which is originally colorless and transparent, to give it a predetermined color. Rather, it maintains its transparency as much as possible, and therefore, changes in the culture medium inside can be observed through this colored transparent plastic film. The degree of such coloring is such that the amount of coloring agent is preferably within 5% (wt%; the same applies hereinafter), especially 2%, based on the plastic material forming the plastic film bag.
By mixing the coloring agent in this proportion, it is possible to obtain an approximately appropriately colored transparent bag. On the other hand, as the breathable porous sheet, a nonwoven fabric made of polyethylene fibers, a nonwoven fabric made of polypropylene fibers, or a plurality of nonwoven fabrics made of both, particularly preferably 2 to 3 pieces of nonwoven fabric.
The sheets are stacked one on top of the other and integrated using a hot roller or hot press. Among these, preferred combinations of nonwoven fabrics include an integrated sheet made by hot pressing two nonwoven fabrics made of polypropylene fibers, or a single sheet made of polyethylene fibers placed between two nonwoven fabrics made of polypropylene fibers. A sheet formed by heat-pressing and interposing two sheets of non-woven fabric can be used. The sheet obtained by thermo-compression bonding of such non-woven fabrics greatly reduces the degree of porosity of a single non-woven fabric, does not allow the passage of germs, and allows for an appropriate level of ventilation. It is possible. Such a breathable porous sheet has holes formed in the upper part of the colored transparent plastic film bag, and the above-mentioned breathable porous sheet, which is one size larger, is brought into contact with the hole from the outside or inside of the bag, The overlapping portions are tightly fixed by means of adhesion or welding, but it is also possible to attach an air permeable porous sheet to the plastic film in advance and then form the bag. The ventilation area formed by this air permeable porous sheet does not refer to the size of the hole formed by cutting out the upper part of a colored transparent plastic film bag, but rather to the area that is effective for gas passage, that is, the size of the hole that is pasted around the hole. This refers to the adhesive part or the inner part of the welded part of the breathable porous sheet. The effective area of the gas-permeable portion of the breathable porous sheet is in the range of 1 to 5 cm ² per volume of mushroom culture medium, and this area is 1 cm ²
If it is less than 5, it is difficult to secure the air necessary for mycelial culture, and the inside of the bag tends to be in a so-called oxygen-deficient state.
If it exceeds cm ² , the amount of ventilation becomes excessive and the amount of moisture evaporates increases, leading to drying of the inside of the bag and affecting the normal culture of mushroom fungi. The holes provided in the bag and the shape of the breathable porous sheet are not particularly limited, and various shapes such as round, oval, quadrilateral (square, rectangle, diamond, etc.), linear shape, etc. can be used. At least one hole should be provided in the upper part of the bag at a position that does not interfere with the cultivation of mushroom fungi, that is, at about 2/3 of the height from the bottom of the bag. When such a breathable porous sheet is provided in a bag with two or more holes, the ventilation area per culture medium volume is calculated as the sum of the ventilation areas of these parts. When attaching the breathable porous sheet to a circular hole formed in a plastic film bag, the diameter of the hole formed in the plastic film bag is as follows:
The diameter is preferably 15 to 30 mm, and in this case as well, the aeration area per volume of mushroom culture medium needs to be in the range of 1 to 5 cm ² . [Function] The transparent plastic film bag in the mushroom culture bag of the present invention is colored purple, blue, or green, and adjusts the illuminance for the mushroom fungi being cultured within the bag, thereby increasing the fungi. This is to ensure the smooth growth of the plants. In general, the cultivation period of fungi can be divided into a relatively high temperature period, which is the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth, and a relatively low temperature period, when the primordium enlarges into fruiting bodies.
Moderate exposure is required during these periods, especially at the end of the high temperature period. However, even with this exposure, the illuminance only needs to be quite low; long-term exposure at high illuminance may actually cause fruiting bodies to develop, delay the harvest period, and cause damage to the parts that are close to the area covered by the bag. In some cases, the so-called browning phenomenon occurs, in which the fruiting bodies of the parts turn brown. Therefore, exposure with moderate illuminance is necessary throughout the entire period of culturing mycelia and growing fruit bodies, and the inventors of the present invention have developed a method for culturing mushroom fungi that provides such suppressed light. We discovered that it is best to color a transparent bag as a bag.
They discovered that it is possible to grow excellent fruiting bodies using such colored transparent plastic film bags in an environment with appropriate ventilation, temperature, and humidity. At the same time, they learned that purple was the most effective color to color bags, followed by blue and green. Furthermore, as a result of extensive testing and research on many breathable porous sheets used in mushroom culture bags, the inventors found that the size of the micropores in breathable porous sheets is not necessarily the dominant factor for mushroom culture. Rather, I learned that it has something to do with the ventilation area of the breathable porous sheet. Based on this knowledge, the results of further test research,
The breathable porous sheet obtained by stacking multiple nonwoven fabrics and thermocompression bonding eliminates the excessive air permeability and water vapor permeability of a single nonwoven fabric, making it suitable for culturing bacterial cells. They discovered that it has the ability to take in the necessary air without contaminating germs. The breathable porous sheet of this invention is made by overlapping multiple sheets of nonwoven fabric and integrating them by thermocompression bonding, so the inherent pores of the nonwoven fabric are appropriately crushed by this thermocompression bonding, creating a complex structure. A ventilation passage is formed, thereby appropriately restricting the ventilation, and thereby, it is possible to reliably prevent the invasion of various germs. In particular, a breathable porous sheet made of multiple layers of nonwoven fabrics made of polyethylene fibers and polypropylene fibers has suitable air permeability and water repellency in addition to inhibiting germs, so it provides ideal ventilation conditions. In any case, the formation of primordium, using a colored transparent film bag using such a breathable porous sheet.
The cultivation of fruiting bodies can be carried out reliably. In addition, by integrating multiple nonwoven fabrics, the overall strength is increased, and damage caused during bag handling and bacterial culture can be greatly reduced, and the breathable porous sheet portion does not wrinkle during use. It is possible to maintain a good-looking usable condition without causing any damage. Furthermore, a porous plastic film used in conventional mushroom culture bags, such as Zyuraguard #4510 (trade name of a porous plastic film manufactured by Celanese Corporation in the United States), and two nonwoven fabrics made of polyethylene are bonded together by thermocompression. When the moisture content was compared with that of the breathable porous sheet obtained by the above method, it was confirmed that the former had a moisture content that was approximately twice as high. In other words, it is clear that multiple layers of nonwoven fabric bonded together under heat and pressure have significantly higher water repellency than a single porous plastic film, and a mushroom culture bag containing a culture medium can be heated using steam. In the case of sterilization, there is no drawback that air permeability is inhibited due to wetting of the air permeable porous sheet, and the attachment or generation of various bacteria due to wetting is extremely rare. [Example] Hereinafter, an example of the mushroom culture bag of the present invention will be described based on the attached drawings. The mushroom culture bag 1 of the present invention is made of a transparent plastic film bag colored purple.Both sides of a tube-shaped stretched film obtained by plastic inflation molding are folded in, and a portion corresponding to the bottom is made into one bag. It has a pleated shape that is thermally bonded with a seal 3, and an opening 2 into which a culture medium is placed is formed at the top. The mushroom culture bag 1 has a circular perforation 4 formed on the center line of one side and approximately 2/3 from the bottom, and the perforation 4 is filled with polyethylene fibers or A substantially square air-permeable porous sheet 5, which is formed by overlapping two nonwoven fabrics made of polypropylene fibers and thermocompression bonding, is applied from the outside and fixed by thermal bonding. Note that 6 in the figure indicates a thermal bonding line, and there is a slight distance between the outer peripheral edge of the perforated portion 4 and this thermal bonding line 6, and there is substantial ventilation inside this thermal bonding line 6. forming a part. Next, a method of using the mushroom culture bag 1 having the above structure will be explained. Although it varies depending on the type of mushroom fungus, the culture medium is made by mixing 10% to 30% rice bran or corn bran to sawdust from a mixture of hardwood and coniferous trees, and adjusting the moisture content to about 60% to 70%. After introducing the culture medium through the opening 2, the opening 2 is sealed and heated to sterilize the bacteria adhering to the culture medium and the mushroom culture bag 1. After lowering the temperature to 25°C or less, the mushroom fungi are inoculated into the culture medium, the opening 2 is sealed, and the mushroom is cultured in a culture room at a temperature of 20 to 23°C for a predetermined period of time to spread mycelia throughout the culture medium. . Thereafter, the mushrooms are transferred to the growth chamber, where a cut is made in the breathable porous sheet 5 using a cutter, and the mushrooms are cultivated and grown by providing the optimum temperature, humidity, and light depending on the type of fungus. Mushroom culture bag 1
Open the bag and harvest the mushrooms in mushroom culture bag 1. In this invention, there are no particular restrictions on the shape or size of the mushroom culture bag 1, and the point is that the plastic film bag is colored in a predetermined color and the predetermined ventilation area is formed by thermo-compression bonding of a plurality of nonwoven fabrics. It is acceptable as long as it has a ventilation part. Hereinafter, the present invention will be further explained in detail with reference to specific examples and comparative examples. Example 1 A transparent tube-shaped polypropylene film colored purple (2% coloring agent is used for the plastic film material) with a thickness of 50 μm and a width of 32 cm is folded in by 6 cm on both sides, the bottom is sealed, and the length is determined.
A bag of 45 cm and a finished width of 20 cm as shown in Figure 1 was obtained. A diameter 25 cm is placed 28.5 cm above the bottom of this bag.
A hole of mmφ was formed. On the other hand, two sheets of nonwoven fabric made using polyethylene and polypropylene were superimposed and bonded together under heat to obtain a breathable porous sheet. After cutting this into 45 mm squares, the resulting cut pieces were placed into the holes from the outside and the diameter It was thermally bonded into a 36mmφ wire. The area of the ventilation part in the mushroom culture bag thus obtained was ^10.17cm2 , and the ventilation area per volume of culture medium was
It was 3.39cm ² /. A large number of these bags were prepared and mushrooms were cultured in the following manner. First, prepare 92 bags containing approximately 3 parts of the culture medium (65% water), which is composed of 8 parts of beech sawdust, 0.7 parts of bran, and 0.3 parts of corn bran (all volumes; the same applies below), in the mushroom culture bags mentioned above. After raising the temperature to 120℃, heat sterilize for 1 hour.
Cooled to room temperature (20°C). Next, Maitake fungi are inoculated into these culture media, the opening of the bag is folded and sealed with a stapler, and the bag is placed in a culture room at a temperature of 23°C and a humidity of approximately 70°C.
%, and cultured at a light intensity of 30 lux. When a white film forms on the surface of the fungal bed and some parts of it eventually rise, the culture bag is transferred to the cultivation room and a cut is made in the breathable porous sheet with a cutter.
Cultivated at a temperature of 17℃, humidity of 90%, and illuminance of 250 lux.
I harvested maitake mushrooms. Comparative Example 1 A colorless and transparent bag with the same dimensions and shape as the mushroom culture bag used in Example 1, and with a porous plastic film (Jiyuragard #4510) heat-bonded to the same location as in Example 1. Maitake mushrooms were cultivated under the same conditions as in Example 1 using a large number of mushroom culture bags. The cultivation results are shown in Table 1 in comparison with those of Example 1.

[Table] In Table 1, (1) The primordium formation rate is calculated as follows: Number of primordium forming bags/Number of test bags ×
It is expressed in 100. (2) The fruiting body occurrence rate is the number of fruiting bodies produced/number of sample bags x
It is expressed in 10. (3) The average harvest date is expressed as Σ (harvest date x number of bags)/number of test bags. (Σ represents the total number.) (4) The harvest period is the period from the first day of harvest to the last day of harvest for all sample bags; the shorter this period, the more efficiently the harvest can be performed. (5) Yield is the value obtained by dividing the total harvested yield by the number of test bags. Example 2 Using the mushroom culture bag used in Example 1, culture was carried out as follows. Beech sawdust 8, corn bran 0.7, bran
0.3 of the culture medium (65% moisture) was placed in the mushroom culture bag, 81 mushroom culture bags were prepared, and after reaching a temperature of 120°C, they were heated and sterilized for 1 hour, and then left at room temperature ( 20°C). Next, the maitake fungus was inoculated, the opening of the bag was folded and sealed with staples, and the bag was cultured in a culture room at a temperature of 23°C, humidity of approximately 70%, and illuminance of 30 lux. When a white film is formed on the surface of the fungal bed and a part of it eventually rises, the culture bag is transferred to the growth chamber, a cut is made in the breathable porous sheet with a cutter, and the temperature is 17℃, the humidity is 90%, and the illuminance is I cultivated and harvested maitake mushrooms for 250 lux. Comparative Example 2 A colorless bag with the same size and shape as the mushroom culture bag used in Example 1, and a porous plastic film (Jyuragard #4510) heat-bonded to the same location as in Example 1. Maitake mushrooms were cultivated under the same conditions as in Example 2 using 81 transparent mushroom culture bags. The cultivation results are shown in Table 2 for comparison with Example 2.

[Table] The measurement and calculation basis for each item in the above table is the same as in Table 1. Example 3 Using the mushroom culture bag used in Example 1, culture was carried out as follows. A culture medium containing 10 parts beech sawdust and 1 part rice bran (moisture
65%) about 3 into the mushroom culture bags mentioned above, prepare 58 mushroom culture bags, heat sterilize them for 1 hour after reaching a temperature of 120°C, and cool them to room temperature (20°C). The bag was inoculated with Namecobacterium, and the opening of the bag was folded and stapled to seal it. These were placed in a culture room at a temperature of 23℃, humidity of approximately 70%, and illuminance.
Cultured at 30 lux for 90 days. After that, transfer the culture bag to the generation chamber, make a cut in the breathable porous sheet part with a cutter, and
Namekos were cultivated and harvested at ℃, humidity of 90%, and illumination of 250 lux. Furthermore, cultivation was repeated under the same conditions and harvested several times. Comparative Example 3 A porous plastic film (Jyuragard #4510) with the same size and shape as the mushroom culture bag used in Example 3 and the same size and shape as in Example 3 was thermally bonded to the bag. Fifty-eight transparent mushroom culture bags were prepared, and Nameko mushrooms were cultivated under the same conditions as in Example 3. The cultivation results are shown in Table 3 in comparison with those of Example 3.

[Table] In the above table, the average number of harvests is expressed as the total number of harvests/number of test bags, and the basis for measurement and calculation of other items is the same as in Table 1. Example 4 Both sides of a purple (coloring degree 2%) transparent tube-shaped polypropylene film with a thickness of 50 μm and a width of 32 cm were
Fold in cm by cm, seal the bottom, length 45 cm, width
A bag of 20 cm as shown in Figure 1 was obtained. 10mm in diameter at the part 28.5cm from the bottom of this bag.
We made many bags of three types with different holes of 20 mm and 30 mm. On the other hand, one sheet of nonwoven fabric made of polypropylene was sandwiched between two sheets of nonwoven fabric made of polyethylene fibers and bonded under heat to obtain a breathable porous sheet, which was cut into 45 mm square pieces. This cut piece was applied to the hole in the bag, and the 36 mm diameter portion was heat-bonded in a linear shape. A number of such bags were used to culture mushrooms differently as follows. Beech sawdust 8, bran 0.7, corn bran
Approximately 3.0 mL of culture medium (65% moisture) was placed in the mushroom culture bag described above, and the mushroom culture bag was divided into pore sizes (pore size 10
Prepare 45 bags of each size (mm, 20mm, 30mm) and store them at
After reaching 120℃, heat sterilize for 1 hour, then leave at room temperature (20℃).
After cooling to 10°C (°C), the maitake fungus was inoculated, and the opening of the bag was folded and stapled to seal it. This was placed in a culture room at a temperature of 23°C, humidity of 70%, and illuminance of 30°C.
cultured in Lutucus. When a white film is formed on the surface of the fungal bed and a part of it eventually rises, the culture bag is transferred to the growth chamber, a cut is made in the breathable porous sheet part with a cutter, and the temperature is 17℃, the humidity is 90%, and the illuminance is I cultivated and harvested maitake mushrooms for 30 lux. The cultivation results are shown in Table 4, comparing and contrasting them according to the hole diameters formed in the bags.

[Table] The basis for measurement and calculation of each item in the above table is the same as in Table 1. Example 5 Maitake was cultivated under the same conditions as in Example 1 using the same mushroom culture bag as in Example 1, except that the plastic film bag was colored green. The cultivation results are shown in Table 5.

【table】

〔Effect of the invention〕

The mushroom culture bag of this invention is made of a colored transparent plastic film selected from purple, blue, and green, so the illuminance of light to the culture medium inside can be adjusted to promote the development of primordia and fruit bodies. It is possible to ensure smooth growth and almost completely prevent the browning phenomenon that occurs during growth.Also, since a colored but transparent bag is used, it is easy to see through the inside, making it easy to inspect for germs, etc. Also, there is no problem when inspecting the inside of the bag from the outside. In addition, by integrally forming a breathable porous sheet as a part of the bag by thermocompression bonding of multiple nonwoven fabrics made of polyethylene fibers and/or polypropylene fibers, the strength of this part is maintained. This prevents the invasion of various bacteria, and also ensures an appropriate amount of air within the bag, greatly contributing to the cultivation of mushroom fungi. Furthermore, after the mushroom fungus primordium has developed, the bag is generally transferred to the germination chamber and the fruiting bodies are grown in an open state.
The part of the breathable porous sheet made of non-woven fabric is easy to cut with a cutter, etc., and cultivation can be carried out smoothly simply by making cuts in this part, which has the advantage of greatly improving work efficiency. There is also. In addition, such a breathable porous sheet eliminates the problem of ventilation obstruction due to moisture adhesion during steam sterilization due to the excellent water repellency of the nonwoven fabric made of polyethylene fibers and/or polypropylene fibers. The air-permeable porous sheet itself is much cheaper than the above-mentioned porous plastic film, so it is suitable for mushroom culture bags. This has great practical effects, such as being able to significantly reduce the manufacturing cost.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a mushroom culture bag of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the main parts. 1... Mushroom culture bag, 2... Opening, 3... Seal, 4... Perforation, 5... Breathable porous sheet,
6...Hot adhesive wire.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Holes are formed in the upper part of a transparent plastic film bag colored in either purple, blue, or green, and a plurality of nonwoven fabrics made of polyethylene fibers and/or polypropylene fibers are provided in the holes. The air-permeable porous sheets are stacked and integrated by thermocompression bonding, and are tightly fixed in a polymerized state. A mushroom culture bag characterized by having a size of 5 cm ² . 2. The mushroom culture bag according to claim 1, wherein the breathable porous sheet is made of two nonwoven fabrics made of polypropylene fibers bonded together by thermocompression. 3. The above-mentioned breathable porous sheet is made by thermally pressing two nonwoven fabrics made of polypropylene fibers with one nonwoven fabric made of polyethylene fibers interposed between them to integrate the whole sheet. The mushroom culture bag according to claim 1, characterized in that: 4. The mushroom fungus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the hole formed in the transparent plastic film bag is a single hole with a diameter of 15 to 30 mmφ. Culture bag.