JPH043170B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a method for scraping fungi in the artificial cultivation of Willow matsutake and a blade for scraping fungi used in this method. (Background Art) In the artificial cultivation of mushrooms, physical changes or stimulation are applied to the hyphae in order to generate fruiting bodies (mushrooms) from the hyphae spread in the culture medium. Fungal scraping is artificial cultivation using sawdust, etc., such as enoki mushrooms, as a medium, especially in bottle cultivation, in which the inoculum is removed from the fungal bed surface, and at the same time, physical stimulation such as cutting is applied to the mycelia on the fungal bed surface. This is an operation that promotes the development of fruiting bodies (mushrooms). For example, the methods of scraping enoki mushrooms in bottles include a method called ``butsukaki'' in which the surface layer of the culture medium is scraped to some extent at the same time as removing the inoculum; There is a method called ``hirakiki,'' which stimulates mycelium by rubbing the surface of the hyphae. In addition, in the cultivation of Shirotamogitake mushrooms, the inoculum is left in the center of the fungal bed surface, and the remaining inoculum is scraped to produce fruiting bodies (mushrooms). On the other hand, willow matsutake is a mushroom that has been cultivated in recent years, and the cultivation method has not yet been established.
Various cultivation methods have been tried. The present inventor has conducted experiments and conducted research on the cultivation of willow matsutake, particularly on suitable cultivation methods for bottle cultivation.
As a result of our research, we found that the growth status of Willow Matsutake is greatly affected by the method used to scrape the fungi, and that the conventional cultivation method using the fungus scraping method, such as the above-mentioned ``Butsukaki,'' is unsuitable for harvesting, and the commercial value We found problems such as inferiority in terms of performance. The present invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to improve the artificial cultivation of willow matsutake, especially in bottle cultivation, so that the shape of the mushrooms is uniform and the roots are gathered together, making it easier to harvest. At the same time, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for scraping Salix matsutake which can obtain Salix matsutake with high commercial value, and a mold scraping blade used in this method. (Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following configuration. In other words, the method for scraping Salix matsutake is to inoculate a cultivation bottle filled with a culture medium with the seed fungus of Salix matsutake, culture it, and after the hyphae have spread in the medium, when scraping the fungal bed surface. For the central part, the surface of the medium is exposed to form a mushroom-propagating surface, and for the peripheral part of the mushroom-propagating surface, the surface layer of the medium is also scraped to remove bacteria. In the bacteria scraping blade that is rotated and advanced into the bottle opening of the cultivation bottle to scrape off the inoculum or culture medium, the part of the bacteria scraping blade that corresponds to the center part of the bacteria bed surface is a flat scraper for exposing the culture medium surface. Formed into a blade,
It is characterized in that the part corresponding to the peripheral part of the fungal bed surface is formed into a oyster blade that scrapes up to the surface layer of the culture medium. In addition, as a flat scraping blade, one constructed of wire, one constructed of a flat plate-like member, one formed into a brush shape, and one that is biased towards the surface of the bacterial bed. , one that uses air, etc. can be used. (Summary of the invention) In the method for scraping willow matsutake according to the present invention,
When scraping the bacteria, expose the surface of the medium in the center of the bacterial bed to create a surface where mushrooms can easily grow, and scrape off the surface layer of the medium in the area around the mushroom-growing surface. . In other words, the central part of the fungal bed surface should be "flat-raked," and the peripheral parts of the fungal bed surface should be "butsukaki." FIG. 1a is an explanatory diagram showing the method of scratching bacteria of the present invention. In the figure, 10 is the medium filled in the cultivation bottle,
A seeding hole 12 is vertically opened in the center of the culture medium 10. The inoculum is inoculated by dropping it into the cultivation bottle from the bottle opening, and the figure shows the state after the inoculum has been removed by scraping. As shown in the figure, the surface layer of the culture medium is scraped off at the periphery of the bacterial bed surface 14 by the bacterial scraping, forming a level difference that is slightly lower than the central part. Near the top, only the inoculum was removed and the surface of the medium was exposed. The broken line 14a in the figure shows the position of the culture medium surface before scraping, A shows the part where "butsukaki" was performed around the fungus bed surface, and B shows the part where "flat scraping" was performed in the center of the fungus bed surface. . FIGS. 1b and 1c are explanatory diagrams showing the state in which mushrooms grow as a result of the bacterial scraping shown in FIG. 1a. As shown in the figure, according to this fungus scraping method, the vicinity of the center of the fungal bed surface 14 becomes the mushroom surface, from which fruiting bodies 16 (mushrooms) emerge. At the same time as it gathers into a shape, it grows large and has good growth conditions. In addition, in this method of bacterial scraping, it does not matter whether there are inoculum on the bacterial bed surface or not. Make sure to scrape off the surface layer.
Therefore, if the inoculum remains on the fungal bed surface due to inoculation, it is natural to remove the inoculum from the center of the fungal bed surface to expose the medium surface.
For the surrounding area, scrape off the surface layer of the culture medium along with the inoculum. FIGS. 2, 3, and 4 show, as a comparative example, the case where Salix matsutake was grown by the fungus scraping method conventionally used in the cultivation of mushrooms such as Enokitake. FIG. 2 shows a "flat scraping" method for removing the inoculum without scraping the surface layer of the culture medium. In this case, as shown in FIG. 2b, fruiting bodies 16 are generated from the entire fungal bed surface 14. The roots become unorganized. As a result, when the mushrooms are harvested, the roots come apart and are difficult to handle. Figure 3 shows a method using "butsukaki", in which the surface layer of the medium is scraped off, resulting in poor mushroom growth and an overall inferior yield. If the conditions are good, the bacteria will grow uniformly from the entire surface of the bed 14 as shown in Figure 3b, but the roots will be scattered as in "flat scraping", and the surface of the fungus bed 14 will appear dry. In this case, as shown in Fig. 3(c), this occurs only near the central inoculation hole 12, and the roots grow deep inside the inoculation hole 12, making it difficult to handle. Further, FIG. 4 shows a method of scraping bacteria using the Shirotamogitake method, in which the seed bacteria 18 were left in the center of the bacterial bed surface. Since the cultivation temperature of Salix matsutake is relatively high, the seed fungus 18 tends to dry out, and in such fungi scraping, mushrooms only grow from the fungus bed surface 14 around the seed fungus 18. In addition, FIG. 5 shows mushrooms generated with the inoculum 18 inoculated without scraping.
In this case as well, mushroom development was not active, and the inoculum was 18
The seed bacteria 18 may be slightly generated from the surface of the seed bacteria 18 or from the sides of the seed bacteria 18. Compared to the above-mentioned conventional example, in the method of the present invention, since only the medium surface is exposed in the central part of the fungal bed surface, the fruiting body primordium forms more quickly than in the peripheral part where the surface layer of the medium has been scraped. It is formed. Once the primordium is formed, the nutrients contained in the hyphae are concentrated in the primordium, making it easier to develop fruiting bodies. As a result, the vicinity of the center becomes the mushroom surface, from which fruit bodies emerge in the shape of a stock, and grow to an appropriate size and number. This facilitates the harvesting process and provides mushrooms with high commercial value. In addition, in the bacterial scraping method according to the present invention, the surface layer of the medium is exposed at the center of the bacterial bed surface, that is, near the inoculation hole,
Since the surface layer of the culture medium is to be scraped around the periphery of the bacterial bed surface, the bacteria scraping blade used for this bacteria scraping should be pressed gently against the bacterial bed surface near the inoculation hole so as not to scrape the surface layer of the medium. It is preferable to use a material that acts on the surface of the culture medium in the periphery so as to scrape off the surface layer of the culture medium. (Example) Hereinafter, experimental examples will be described for Willow matsutake which were subjected to bacterial scraping by the bacterial scraping method of the present invention, those by conventional "flat scraping", and those which were not subjected to bacterial scraping. Fill 800 c.c. polypropylene bottles with sawdust medium, inoculate with Salix matsutake seed fungi, and divide into 3 sections A, B, and C. After culturing them using the same method and mycelia spread in the medium, area A was scratched using the method of the present invention, area B was scraped using the conventional "flat scraping," and area C was scraped with the method of the present invention. In this case, fruiting bodies (mushrooms) were allowed to develop while the inoculum was left on the fungal bed surface without scraping. For each mushroom, the number, size, arrangement, number of growing days, and grouping of the fruiting bodies (mushrooms) were examined.
The results are shown in Table 1.

[Table] As can be seen from Table 1, the number and size of mushrooms in which fruiting bodies (mushrooms) were generated from the inoculum without scraping (group C) varied greatly, and the number of growing days was also inconsistent. Ta. Also, because the fruiting bodies (mushrooms) develop from various parts of the seed fungus, the roots do not come together. In addition, in plot B, where "flat-raking" was carried out, the number of fruiting bodies (mushrooms) was good and the number of mushrooms was good, but because the nutrients were evenly distributed to all the fruiting bodies, the size of each fruiting body was small. became smaller. In addition, fruiting bodies (mushrooms) develop from the entire fungal bed surface, but because the fusion of the roots of Salix matsutake is not observed like that of Enokitake, they do not come together well. Compared to these, in the method according to the present invention (section A), the number of fruiting bodies (mushrooms) decreases compared to section B, but the size of each mushroom increases accordingly, they are well aligned, and Since the fruiting bodies are densely formed only in the parts, the roots are well organized and the roots do not easily separate during harvesting. As described above, according to the fungi-scraping method of the present invention, it is possible to produce willow matsutake mushrooms that have a suitable size and number, are suitable for harvesting work, and have a high commercial value and have a compact base. In addition, FIGS. 6 to 13 show examples of the germ scraper blade according to the present invention. Figures 14 and 15 are examples of conventionally used fungus scrapers. Figure 14 is a fungus scraper used for "flat scraping," and Figure 15 is an example of a fungus scraper used for "butsukaki." It is. The bacteria scraping blades shown in Figs. 6 to 13 all correspond to the flat scraping blade 20 for exposing the culture medium surface to the part corresponding to the central part of the bacterial bed surface, and the peripheral part of the bacterial bed surface. A scraping blade 22 is formed to scrape off the surface of the culture medium. The bacteria scraping blade shown in FIG. 6 uses a wire as the flat scraping blade 20, and is formed to protrude at the center so that the surface of the culture medium can be suitably exposed in accordance with the inoculation hole. The base of the wire is fixed to the tip of a flat plate-like oyster blade 22 that is symmetrically provided at both ends. A blade for scraping off the culture medium is formed in the contact portion of the oyster blade 22 with the fungus bed surface. When scraping bacteria, support the cultivation bottle with the bottle mouth facing downward, and move the blade forward into the bottle mouth while rotating the blade with the center line of the blade as the axis of rotation, exposing the surface of the medium. Scrape off the part. In this embodiment, the flat scraper blade 20 is formed of wire, so that when the bacteria scraper blade is rotated, bacteria can be easily scraped without clogging the opening of the bottle with bacteria. The bacterium scraping blade shown in FIG. 7 has a proximal end of a flat scraping blade 20 formed of wire wound around the outer periphery of an oyster blade 22 in the shape of a spring so that the flat scraping blade 20 can be moved in the direction of the rotation axis. It is biased toward the floor surface. In the example shown in FIG. 8, a spring-shaped scraping blade 20 is supported on a support rod 26 erected at the center of a support member 24. The example shown in FIG. 9 uses a flat plate-shaped member whose central part protrudes toward the inoculation hole as the scraping blade 20, and the example shown in FIG. 10 uses a flat plate-shaped scraping blade 20. A spring 28 is provided at the rear to bias it forward. The example shown in FIG. 11 uses a brush planted toward the fungus bed surface instead of the flat plate-like member as the scraping blade 20, and the central part protrudes so as to penetrate into the inoculation hole. It is formed by Further, in the example shown in FIG. 12, similar to the example shown in FIG. 8, the flat scraping blade 20a is formed into a spring shape with a protruding central portion, and the base is fixed to a support rod 26a for support. A oyster blade 22a is provided in the middle of the oyster blade. The oyster cutting blade 22a comes into contact with the periphery of the bacterial bed surface provided at a position offset from the axis of rotation and acts to scrape off the surface layer of the culture medium. Furthermore, the example shown in FIG. 13 is configured to remove the inoculum using air, and an air blowing nozzle 30 is provided in the center of the support member 24, and a oyster blade 22 is provided at both ends of the support member 24. It was erected. In the case of this bacteria scraper, the nozzle 30 in the center
Compressed air is discharged from the to expose the culture medium at the center of the fungus bed surface, and the surface layer of the culture medium is scraped off by applying a scraping blade 22 to the periphery of the fungus bed surface. Note that instead of discharging air from the nozzle, air may be sucked to expose the surface of the culture medium. In each of the above embodiments, the blades having a flat plate-like overall shape are shown, but the number of blades arranged in the circumferential direction is not particularly limited, and as long as the blades are formed on at least one side of the rotation axis. good. The present invention has been variously explained above with reference to preferred embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and it goes without saying that many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. That's true. (Effects of the invention) According to the bacterium scratching method of the present invention, as described above,
To obtain a willow matsutake mushroom that grows in the shape of a stock, produces mushrooms of appropriate size and number, facilitates harvesting work, packaging work, etc., and also grows with good appearance and has high commercial value. Furthermore, the fungus scraping blade of the present invention has remarkable effects such as being able to easily perform fungus scraping suitable for cultivating Willow matsutake.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1a, b, and c are explanatory diagrams showing the method according to the present invention and the growth state of fruiting bodies by this method, and Figures 2, 3, and 4 are diagrams showing the conventional method of scraping. In this case, Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the growth state of fruiting bodies in the case where no bacterial scraping is performed, and Figs. 6 to 13
The figure is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the germ scraper blade according to the present invention.
FIGS. 14 and 15 are perspective views showing conventional examples of germ scraping blades. 10...Medium, 12...Inoculation hole, 14...Bacteria bed surface, 1
6... Fruiting body, 18... Inoculum, 20... Scraping blade, 2
2...Blade for oysters.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. After inoculating the seed fungus of Willow matsutake into a cultivation bottle filled with a culture medium and culturing it so that the mycelium spreads in the medium, when scraping the fungi, the central part of the fungus bed surface is A method for removing bacteria from Willow matsutake, which is characterized in that the surface of the medium is exposed to form a mushroom-propagating surface, and the surface layer of the medium is also scraped to remove bacteria from the surrounding area of the mushroom-propagating surface. 2. In a bacteria scraping blade that is rotated and advanced into the mouth of a cultivation bottle to scrape off the seed bacteria or culture medium, the part of the bacteria scraper blade that corresponds to the center portion of the bacteria bed surface exposes the surface of the culture medium. A fungus scraper blade for cultivating willow matsutake mushrooms, characterized in that the part corresponding to the peripheral part of the fungus bed surface is formed as a flat scraper blade for scraping up to the surface layer of the culture medium. . 3. The germ scraping blade according to claim 2, wherein the flat scraping blade is formed of a wire, and is curved so that the central part thereof protrudes so as to penetrate into the germ inoculation hole of the culture medium. 4. The bacteria scraping blade according to claim 2, wherein the flat scraping blade is formed of a flat plate-like member and has a central portion protruding so as to penetrate into the inoculation hole of the culture medium. 5. The bacterium scraping blade according to claim 2, wherein the flat scraping blade is formed by a brush planted toward the bacterium bed surface, and the central part is formed to protrude into the inoculation hole of the culture medium. 6. The bacteria scraping blade according to claim 3, claim 4, or claim 5, wherein the flat scraping blade is supported so as to be movable back and forth in the axial direction of the rotating shaft, and is biased toward the bacterial bed surface. 7. In a bacteria scraping blade that is rotated and advanced into the mouth of a cultivation bottle to scrape off the seed bacteria or culture medium, the part of the bacteria scraping blade that corresponds to the central part of the bacteria bed surface discharges air or It is formed in the air suction/discharge part that exposes the surface of the culture medium by suction, and the part corresponding to the peripheral part of the bacterial bed surface is formed as a knife blade that scrapes up to the surface layer of the culture medium. A fungus scraping blade for cultivating willow matsutake.