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JPH0432505B2 - - Google Patents
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JPH0432505B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPH0432505B2
JPH0432505B2 JP62030503A JP3050387A JPH0432505B2 JP H0432505 B2 JPH0432505 B2 JP H0432505B2 JP 62030503 A JP62030503 A JP 62030503A JP 3050387 A JP3050387 A JP 3050387A JP H0432505 B2 JPH0432505 B2 JP H0432505B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
battery
lithium
present
solute
electrolyte
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP62030503A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS63198260A (en
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed filed Critical
Priority to JP62030503A priority Critical patent/JPS63198260A/en
Publication of JPS63198260A publication Critical patent/JPS63198260A/en
Publication of JPH0432505B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0432505B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/117Inorganic material
    • H01M50/119Metals
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

イ 産業上の利用分野 本発明はリチウム或いはリチウム合金を活物質
とする負極と、正極と、溶媒と溶質とからなる非
水電解液とを備えた非水電解液電池に関するもの
である。 ロ 従来の技術 この種電池は単位体積当たりのエネルギー密度
が高く、且自己放電が小さいという利点がある。 ところで電解液を構成する溶質としては一般に
過塩素酸リチウムが用いられているが、過塩素酸
リチウムを用いた場合には低温特性に難があり、
又過塩素酸リチウムは非常に酸化力が大であるた
め有機溶媒を酸化してしまうという問題がある。 そこで、例えば特開昭58−66264号公報、特開
昭58−163176号公報に開示されている三フツ化メ
タンスルホン酸リチウム、六フツ化リン酸リチウ
ム或いは四フツ化ホウ酸リチウムなどのフツ素を
含むリチウム塩を溶質として用いると低温特性を
改善しうると共に、フツ素を含むリチウム塩は酸
化作用がないため有機溶媒を酸化するという問題
を解消することができる。 ハ 発明が解決しようとする問題点 しかしながらフツ素を含むリチウム塩を溶質に
用いた場合、電池缶材料が腐蝕し、電解液中に溶
解した電池缶材料が負極表面に析出して電圧降
下、放電容量の減少などを怠起し電池の保存特性
を劣化させるという問題がある。 ニ 問題点を解決するための手段 非水電解液を構成する溶質としてフツ素を含む
リチウム塩を用いる非水電解液電池において、電
解液に硝酸リチウムを添加する。 ホ 作用 溶質としてフツ素を含むリチウム塩を用いた場
合の電池缶材料の腐蝕は、電池缶を構成するステ
ンレス鋼表面に形成されている不働態のクロム酸
化膜の破壊が要因と考えられる。そしてフツ素を
含むリチウム塩は酸化作用がないため腐蝕現象が
進行するのである。 しかしながら、本発明電池のように電解液に硝
酸リチウムを添加するとこの硝酸リチウムの酸化
力により、電池缶を構成するステンレス鋼表面に
新たに不働態のクロム酸化膜が形成され電池缶材
料の腐蝕が抑制される。 ヘ 実施例 以下本発明の実施例について詳述する。 正極は350℃〜430℃の温度で熱処理した二酸化
マンガン活物質に、導電剤としてのカーボン粉末
及び結着剤としてのフツ素樹脂粉末を85:10:5
の重量比で混合し、この混合物を加圧成形した後
250℃〜350℃で熱処理したものである。又、負極
はリチウム圧延板を所定寸法に打抜いたものであ
る。 而して非水電解液は、プロピレンカーボネート
と1,2ジメトキシエタンとの等体積混合溶媒に
溶質として三フツ化メタンスルホン酸リチウムを
1モル/溶解したものであり、そしてこの非水
電解液には硝酸リチウムが0.1g/添加されて
いる。尚、電池缶としてはステンレス鋼
(SUS430)を使用した。これらの要素を用いて
組立てた径20.0mm、厚み0.25mm、電池容量
120mAHの本発明電池をAとする。 又、硝酸リチウムの添加量を1.0g/とした
以外は本発明電池Aと同様の本発明電池Bを作成
した。 更に、比較のために硝酸リチウムを添加しない
ことを除いて他は本発明電池Aと同様の比較電池
Cを作成した。 第1図及び第2図は本発明電池と比較電池との
放電特性比較図を示し、第1図は電池組立後、直
ちに室温において500Ωの定抵抗で放電した時の
放電特性図であり、又第2図は電池組立後、60℃
で3ケ月保存したのち室温において500Ωの定抵
抗で放電した時の放電特性図である。 第1図及び第2図から明らかなように、電池組
立直後の放電においては硝酸リチウムの有無によ
る特性の差異は認められないが、高温保存後にお
ける放電では顕著な差異が認められた。 次に各電池の保存前と高温保存後における内部
インピーダンスを下表に示す。尚、測定は1kHz
の周波数で行なつた。
B. Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte battery comprising a negative electrode using lithium or a lithium alloy as an active material, a positive electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising a solvent and a solute. B. Prior Art This type of battery has the advantage of high energy density per unit volume and low self-discharge. By the way, lithium perchlorate is generally used as the solute that makes up the electrolyte, but when lithium perchlorate is used, it has poor low temperature characteristics.
In addition, lithium perchlorate has a very high oxidizing power, so there is a problem that it oxidizes organic solvents. Therefore, fluorine-containing materials such as lithium trifluoride methanesulfonate, lithium hexafluoride phosphate, and lithium tetrafluoride borate disclosed in JP-A No. 58-66264 and JP-A-58-163176, When a lithium salt containing fluorine is used as a solute, low-temperature characteristics can be improved, and since lithium salt containing fluorine has no oxidizing effect, the problem of oxidizing organic solvents can be solved. C. Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, when a lithium salt containing fluorine is used as a solute, the battery can material corrodes, and the battery can material dissolved in the electrolyte is deposited on the negative electrode surface, causing voltage drop and discharge. There is a problem in that the storage characteristics of the battery deteriorate due to a lack of capacity reduction. D. Means for solving the problem In a non-aqueous electrolyte battery that uses a lithium salt containing fluorine as a solute constituting the non-aqueous electrolyte, lithium nitrate is added to the electrolyte. Effects Corrosion of battery can materials when using lithium salt containing fluorine as a solute is thought to be caused by the destruction of the passive chromium oxide film formed on the surface of the stainless steel that makes up the battery can. Since fluorine-containing lithium salts have no oxidizing effect, corrosion progresses. However, when lithium nitrate is added to the electrolyte as in the battery of the present invention, the oxidizing power of the lithium nitrate causes a new passive chromium oxide film to be formed on the stainless steel surface of the battery can, resulting in corrosion of the battery can material. suppressed. F. Examples Examples of the present invention will be described in detail below. The positive electrode is a manganese dioxide active material heat-treated at a temperature of 350°C to 430°C, carbon powder as a conductive agent, and fluororesin powder as a binder in an 85:10:5 ratio.
After mixing in a weight ratio of and pressing this mixture into
It is heat treated at 250°C to 350°C. Further, the negative electrode is made by punching a lithium rolled plate into a predetermined size. The non-aqueous electrolyte is prepared by dissolving 1 mole of lithium trifluoride methanesulfonate as a solute in an equal volume mixed solvent of propylene carbonate and 1,2 dimethoxyethane, and in this non-aqueous electrolyte Added 0.1g/lithium nitrate. Note that stainless steel (SUS430) was used as the battery can. Diameter 20.0mm, thickness 0.25mm, battery capacity assembled using these elements
A 120 mAH battery of the present invention is designated as A. In addition, a battery B of the present invention was prepared in the same manner as the battery A of the present invention except that the amount of lithium nitrate added was 1.0 g/. Furthermore, for comparison, a comparative battery C was prepared which was the same as the battery A of the present invention except that lithium nitrate was not added. Figures 1 and 2 show comparison diagrams of discharge characteristics between the battery of the present invention and a comparative battery, and Figure 1 is a diagram of discharge characteristics when the battery is discharged at a constant resistance of 500Ω at room temperature immediately after assembly; Figure 2 shows the temperature at 60℃ after battery assembly.
This is a discharge characteristic diagram when the battery was stored for 3 months and then discharged at a constant resistance of 500Ω at room temperature. As is clear from FIGS. 1 and 2, no difference in characteristics due to the presence or absence of lithium nitrate was observed in the discharge immediately after battery assembly, but a significant difference was observed in the discharge after high-temperature storage. Next, the internal impedance of each battery before storage and after high temperature storage is shown in the table below. Please note that the measurement is at 1kHz.
It was carried out at the frequency of

【表】 上表の結果から明らかなように、比較電池Cで
は保存後に内部インピーダンスが増大しているの
に対し、本発明電池A,Bでは保存後も内部イン
ピーダンスの増大はほとんどない。 又、保存後の電池を分解したところ比較電池C
はリチウム負極の表面が黒く変色していたが本発
明電池A,Bではそのような現象は認められなか
つた。 更に、保存後の正極缶を金属顕微鏡で観察した
ところ、比較電池Cの場合にはかなりの孔蝕が認
められたが本発明電池A,Bの場合にはほとんど
腐蝕されていなかつた。 ト 発明の効果 上述した如く、非水電解液を構成する溶質とし
て特にフツ素を含むリチウム塩を用いる非水電解
液電池において、電解液に硝酸リチウムを添加す
ることによりこの種電池特有の問題である電池缶
材料の腐蝕現象を抑制することができるものであ
り、その工業的価値は極めて大である。
[Table] As is clear from the results in the above table, the internal impedance of Comparative Battery C increased after storage, whereas the internal impedance of Batteries A and B of the present invention hardly increased after storage. Also, when the battery was disassembled after storage, comparative battery C
The surface of the lithium negative electrode was discolored black, but such phenomenon was not observed in Batteries A and B of the present invention. Furthermore, when the positive electrode cans after storage were observed with a metallurgical microscope, considerable pitting corrosion was observed in the case of comparative battery C, but almost no corrosion was observed in the cases of batteries A and B of the present invention. G. Effects of the Invention As mentioned above, in nonaqueous electrolyte batteries that use lithium salts containing fluorine as the solute constituting the nonaqueous electrolyte, adding lithium nitrate to the electrolyte solves the problems peculiar to this type of battery. It is possible to suppress the corrosion phenomenon of certain battery can materials, and its industrial value is extremely large.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

図面は電池電圧と放電時間との関係を示し、第
1図は初期放電特性図、第2図は60℃で3ケ月保
存した後の放電特性図である。 A,B……本発明電池、C……比較電池。
The drawings show the relationship between battery voltage and discharge time; FIG. 1 is an initial discharge characteristic diagram, and FIG. 2 is a discharge characteristic diagram after storage at 60° C. for 3 months. A, B...Battery of the present invention, C...Comparison battery.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 リチウム或いはリチウム合金を活物質とする
負極と、正極と、溶媒とフツ素を含むリチウム塩
よりなる溶質とからなる非水電解液とを備えるも
のであつて、前記電解液に硝酸リチウムを添加し
たことを特徴とする非水電解液電池。
1 A device comprising a negative electrode made of lithium or a lithium alloy as an active material, a positive electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte consisting of a solvent and a solute made of a lithium salt containing fluorine, wherein lithium nitrate is added to the electrolyte. A non-aqueous electrolyte battery characterized by:
JP62030503A 1987-02-12 1987-02-12 non-aqueous electrolyte battery Granted JPS63198260A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62030503A JPS63198260A (en) 1987-02-12 1987-02-12 non-aqueous electrolyte battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62030503A JPS63198260A (en) 1987-02-12 1987-02-12 non-aqueous electrolyte battery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS63198260A JPS63198260A (en) 1988-08-16
JPH0432505B2 true JPH0432505B2 (en) 1992-05-29

Family

ID=12305619

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP62030503A Granted JPS63198260A (en) 1987-02-12 1987-02-12 non-aqueous electrolyte battery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS63198260A (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0715821B2 (en) * 1988-07-01 1995-02-22 三洋電機株式会社 Non-aqueous electrolyte battery
JP2771612B2 (en) * 1989-07-11 1998-07-02 三洋電機株式会社 Non-aqueous electrolyte battery
FR2674518A1 (en) * 1991-03-26 1992-10-02 Centre Nat Rech Scient FLUID ELECTROLYTES BASED ON LITHIUM SALT AMMONIACATES.
KR101613335B1 (en) * 2012-02-07 2016-04-18 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Lithium rechargeable battery and Method of making the same
WO2014188503A1 (en) * 2013-05-21 2014-11-27 株式会社日立製作所 Electricity storage device and method for manufacturing same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS63198260A (en) 1988-08-16

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
EXPY Cancellation because of completion of term