JPH0437692B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a drainage structure for condensed water in a cultivation greenhouse for growing and cultivating plants such as vegetables, fruits, and flowers.

[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention] In general, greenhouses for this kind of cultivation either do not allow outdoor cultivation in cold seasons such as winter, or do not allow plants to be grown quickly through forced cultivation. By surrounding the greenhouse with translucent materials such as translucent films and boards, the temperature of the greenhouse can be maintained higher than the outside temperature. However, conventionally, translucent members were made of a single layer, so they inevitably lacked sufficient insulation, and as a result, as the outside temperature dropped significantly at night, the temperature inside the greenhouse continued to drop, which had a negative impact on plants. Sometimes I put it away. To deal with this, it is necessary to increase the indoor temperature by heating the room, but this also increases the cost burden for heating. Therefore, in order to increase heat retention at night, double translucent materials are used.
In this case, the sunlight must pass through the double translucent member, resulting in another drawback that the amount of sunlight is significantly reduced.

Therefore, we first proposed installing a shutter in the greenhouse that could be opened and closed to ensure sunlight during the day and heat retention at night, and we were able to achieve considerable results. In this product, the indoor surface of the slats that make up the shutter curtain, the guide rails, etc. are prone to condensation due to temperature differences, and in that case, there is a risk that the condensed water will fall as water droplets and have a negative impact on the plants. This is a problem.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention was devised for the purpose of providing a drainage structure for condensed water in a cultivation greenhouse that can eliminate these drawbacks. A cultivation greenhouse surrounded by a transparent material is equipped with a shutter that can be opened and closed, and the cultivation greenhouse can be divided into a single-layer greenhouse made of translucent materials, and a double-layer greenhouse made of a fully closed shutter and translucent materials. In addition, the shutter is provided with a gutter on the inside of the greenhouse of the guide rail that guides the shutter curtain to receive and drain the dripping of condensed water adhering to the inner surface of the shutter curtain. This is a characteristic feature.

With this configuration, the present invention reliably prevents condensed water adhering to the indoor surface of the shutter slats, guide rails, etc. from dripping onto the floor soil in greenhouses equipped with shutters that can be opened and closed. This is something that can be prevented.

[Example] Next, an example of the present invention will be described based on the drawings. In the drawing, reference numeral 1 is a greenhouse, and the greenhouse 1 is built long in the east-west direction with the gable side facing approximately east-west.The greenhouse 1 has pillars 2 running vertically on the south side, and pillars 2 on the south side facing the south side toward the top. A framework is formed using a support column 3 on the north side that is inclined so as to be displaced, and a roof support column 4 that is supported in an inclined manner so that it becomes lower toward the south side between the upper ends of both supports 2 and 3.
A temperature 1 is created by extending a translucent resin film 5 over the entire surface of these supports 2, 3, and 4 as well as an auxiliary frame member (not shown).

On the other hand, reference numeral 6 denotes a reflective plate that also serves as a heat insulating material, and the reflective plate 6 has a reflective surface formed of a member such as aluminum foil on its surface. It is erected on the north side of the greenhouse so as to be substantially parallel to the north side support 3, at a predetermined distance from the north side support 3, and erected in an inclined manner with the reflective surface facing south. It reflects sunlight and directs the reflected light toward the soil surface inside the greenhouse.

Reference numeral 7 denotes a shutter to be assembled in the greenhouse, and a guide rail 8 that constitutes the shutter 7
are integrally attached to the pillars on both sides of the greenhouse 1 either directly or via support frames. In the embodiment, the guide rail 8 is composed of an outer circumference side rail body 8a and an inner circumference side rail body 8b which are arranged in parallel on the inside and outside, but on the south side, the guide rail 8 is composed of a south side support column 2 and an inner circumference side rail body 8b. facing in a nearly parallel vertical direction,
On the ceiling side, the slope is gentler than that of the roof support 4, but it is laid so that the south side is lower. Furthermore, on the north side, the reflector 6 and the north side support 3
The outer rail body 8a and the support column 3 are arranged parallel to each other, and the inner rail body 8b is laid at a steeper slope than the outer rail body 8a.

On the other hand, the shutter curtain is constituted by a plate-shaped slat 9 made of a heat insulating material such as rigid polyurethane foam made into a plate by an appropriate method such as injection method or lamination method. However, frames 20 are incorporated into the four edges of the slat 9. When the shutter curtain is in a fully closed state, which will be described later, the upper stile 20a side of the slat 9 is located downward, but the upper stile 20a is located on the indoor side of the upper stile 20a.
A square gutter-shaped water receiving groove 21 with open left and right edges is formed parallel to a. Furthermore, reflective surfaces similar to those of the reflective plate 6 are formed on the inner and outer surfaces of the slat 9, and running rollers 10 and 11 are installed on both left and right edges of the slat 9 in a staggered manner on both the inner and outer surfaces. There is. And the inner side running roller 10
The inner rail body 8b is connected to the outer traveling roller 11.
are assembled so as to run on the outer peripheral side rail body 8a.

On the other hand, reference numeral 12 denotes an operating chain attached to the roller shaft 10a of the inner traveling roller 10, and the operating chain 12 is arranged such that the edges of the slats 9 that are adjacent to each other face each other with a predetermined gap L between them. The slats 9 are connected continuously. Reference numeral 13 denotes a switch provided at the north corner of the guide rail 8. A drive sprocket 14, which is chain-transmitted to the switch 13, meshes with the operating chain 12. The shutter curtain can be opened and closed by forcibly moving the chain of the drive sprocket 14 along with forward and reverse driving of the shutter curtain. That is, in the fully open state, the shutter curtains are stored in a stacked manner on the guide rail 8 of the storage section formed on the north side, but when the shutter curtain is driven by the opening/closing machine 13, the operating chain 1
In conjunction with transferring the slats 2 to the south side, the slats 9 are sent out in order from the upper slat 9, and the leading slat 9 reaches the tip of the guide rail 8, and is fully closed with the gap L between each slat 9 disappearing, This state is detected by a lower limit switch (not shown) and the drive of the opening/closing machine 13 is stopped. Conversely, by driving the opening/closing machine 13 in the opposite direction to the above, the slats 9 are sequentially fed into the storage section on the north side and are fully opened.This is detected by an upper limit switch different from the above, and the slats 9 are opened/closed. Machine 1
The drive of the shutter 3 is stopped, and in this way the opening and closing of the shutter 7 can be controlled.

Reference numeral 15 denotes a gutter provided on the indoor side of the guide rail 8. On the ceiling side, the gutter 15 is arranged along the guide rail 8 such that it becomes gradually lower from the north side to the south side. On the side, the upper end side is laid so as to be inclined slightly toward the indoor side with respect to the vertical guide rail. The gutter 15 has a substantially slat-shaped cross section, and its left and right width W is wide enough to extend from the guide rail 8 to the side edge of the slat 9. As will be described later, when the shutter is fully closed, the gutter 15 serves as a water receptacle for the slat 9. The groove 21 receives condensed water that collects in the groove 21 and drips from the left and right edges of the water receiving groove 21, and condensed water that adheres to the operating chain 12 and the guide rail 8 and drips.

In the embodiment of the present invention constructed as described above, the shutter 7 is kept fully open during the daytime when the sun's rays irradiate, and by doing so, the sun's rays are transmitted from the single layer resin film 5 extremely efficiently. It is possible to secure the necessary sunlight with good incidence. On the other hand, when the outside temperature drops at night and there is a risk that the indoor temperature will drop abnormally, the shutter 7 is fully closed by driving the opening/closing machine 13. By doing so, the greenhouse 1 becomes a double insulation layer consisting of the outer resin film 5 and the inner fully closed shutter curtain, which prevents the room temperature inside the shutter 7 from decreasing. This can be reliably prevented and heat retention can be greatly improved.

On the other hand, in this case, when the shutter 7 is fully closed, the room A surrounded by the shutter 7,
If there is a temperature difference between the intermediate chamber B between the shutter 7 and the outer resin film 5, condensation is likely to occur on the inner surface of the slat 9 of the shutter 7, the inner side surface of the guide rail 8, the operating chain 12, etc. There is a risk that this condensation will turn into water droplets and fall onto the plants. However, in the present invention, when the shutter is fully closed, each slat 9 is guided by a guide rail 8 with a downward slope in the front that moves downward in the direction of closing, and each slat 9 is formed with a water rail 21. The vehicle will stop in a forward downward tilted state with the upper stile 20a side located at the bottom.
Therefore, the condensed water adhering to the inner surface of the slat 9 is transmitted along the inclined inner surface of the slat 9 to the water receiving groove 2.
collected into 1. The collected dew water drips from the left and right edges of the water receiving groove 21 and is received by the gutter 15. The gutter 15 also receives condensed water that drips on the interior side of the guide rail 8 and on the operating chain 12, which hangs down when the shutter is fully closed. The received condensed water then flows through the gutter 15 to the south side of the greenhouse 1, and is drained into a drainage ditch or the like.

As described above, in the present invention, even if condensed water adheres to the interior surface of the slat 9, the guide rail 8, and the operating chain 12 when the shutter 7 is fully closed, all of the condensed water is received by the gutter 15 and drained away. It is becoming more and more like this. Therefore, it is possible to reliably prevent the condensed water from turning into water droplets and falling directly onto the soil surface of the floor, hitting the plants and having an adverse effect on their growth, thereby allowing the plants to grow in a healthy manner. Moreover, the gutter 15 is conveniently arranged below the guide rail 8 so that it hardly affects sunlight.

In addition, the inclination angle of the slat 9 when the shutter is fully closed must be such that water drops do not fall and flow into the water receiving groove 21, but it is necessary to apply a droplet agent made of a surfactant or the like to the inner surface of the slat chamber. If the condensed water does not become droplets and spreads over the inside of the slat, the condensed water will easily flow downward along the slope of the surface, and the slope angle can therefore be lowered, reducing the overall height of the greenhouse. There is no need to make it high.

[Operations and Effects] In summary, since the present invention is constructed as described above, sunlight can be efficiently incident as a single layer made of a translucent member during daylighting, and at night it is fully closed. Although the opening/closing shutter and the translucent material are double-layered and can significantly improve heat retention, when the shutter is fully closed, the temperature difference causes condensation on the guide rails, the inner surface of the greenhouse on the slats, and the operating chain. Even if this occurs, all of the condensed water is received by the gutter and drained away, so the attached dew water will not fall down as it is, and therefore the condensed water will not have a negative impact on the plants. It is possible to grow plants in a healthy manner.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show an embodiment of the drainage structure for condensed water in a cultivation greenhouse according to the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of the greenhouse with the shutter fully open, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the greenhouse with the shutter fully closed. A longitudinal sectional view of the greenhouse showing its condition, Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the main parts of the shutter curtain, Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the slats, Fig. 5A is a sectional view of the gutter on the gutter side of the greenhouse, and Fig. 5B 6A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the installed condition, FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view of the gutter in the middle part of the greenhouse, and FIG. 6B is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the installed condition. In the figure, 1 is a greenhouse, 7 is a shutter, 8 is a guide rail, 9 is a slat, and 15 is a gutter.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A cultivation greenhouse surrounded by a transparent material is equipped with a shutter that can be opened and closed,
It is possible to switch between a single-layer greenhouse made of a translucent member and a double-layer greenhouse made of a fully closed shutter and a translucent member, and the shutter is provided with a guide rail inside the greenhouse for guiding a shutter curtain. A structure for draining condensed water in a cultivation greenhouse, characterized in that a gutter is provided to receive and drain dripping condensed water adhering to the inner surface of a shutter curtain.