JPH0437804B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to an anti-pyroplasma agent or an anti-malarial agent containing at least one type of tetrocalcin and which is effective for preventing and treating piroplasmosis or malaria. Piroplasmosis is a protozoal disease caused by piroplasma, a combination of protozoa from the Babesiaceae and Theileriaceae families, and is an acute or chronic disease transmitted by ticks and characterized by fever, anemia, jaundice, and bloody urea. It is. Various treatments have been tried since ancient times, but it is extremely difficult to prevent, and it occurs frequently in various parts of the world, resulting in huge economic losses. On the other hand, in Japan as well, it occurs frequently in pasture-raised cattle, and in recent years it has also been increasing in caged cattle, making it a problem. As a drug, there are 8-aminoquinoline derivatives, but recently, many resistant strains have appeared, and the current situation is that they have little practical value in terms of effectiveness, toxicity, etc. Therefore, the present inventors investigated Babesia, which is parasitic on small animals.
While conducting extensive research on effective anti-pyroplasma agents using Babesia rodhaini (hereinafter referred to as BR), they discovered that tetrocalcins have strong anti-pyroplasma effects and completed the present invention. Furthermore, we infected splenectomized cows with Theileria sergenti (hereinafter referred to as TS) (including drug-resistant strains).
When its anti-pyroplasma effect was confirmed, it was found to have a very strong anti-pyroplasma effect, and its practical value was also clarified. Tetrocalcins are a group of antibiotics filed by the applicant and have the following structure. Tetrocalcin A: The above compound Tetrocalcin B: H instead of Shugar D Tetrocalcin F: H instead of Shugar C and D Tetrocalcin E ₁ : H instead of Shugar B to D Tetrocalcin E ₂ : Acetyl instead of Shugar B to D, in A ring

[Formula] HO in place of - Tetrocalcin F-1: H in place of Shugar A to D Tetrocalcin F-2: H in place of Shugar A to D, H in place of Shugar E Tetrocalcin G: 23rd place In place of CHO CH ₂ OH Tetrocalcin H: CO ₂ H instead of CHO at position 23 In addition to the above, there are tetrocalcins C, D, I, J, K, L, M, etc. that have similar structures. Also included are compounds in which the 9 and 21st positions of these compounds are acyl groups (diacylates), and those in which the 9th, 17th and 21st positions are acyl groups (triacylates). The applications for these tetrocalcins are as follows, but the name tetrocalcin is not used, but DC-
11-A, DC-11-B, etc. may have the name DC-11: JP-A-54-138501 (JP-A-54-138501)
38159), JP 55-79322, 56-139500, U.S. Patent No. 4346075 (Tetrocalcin A), JP 56
-1159794, 56-122392 (tetrocalcin B),
JP 56-75500, 56-122392 (tetrocacalcin C), JP 56-122392 (tetrocalcin D),
JP 57-38796 (tetrocalcin E ₁ , E ₂ ), JP 57-53498 (tetrocalcin F, G, H), JP 57-171997 (tetrocalcin I, J, K, L,
M), JP 57-7455 (Tetrocalcin F-1, F
-2), JP-A-57-7479 (Diacylate, Triacylate). As mentioned above, tetrocalcins are useful as anti-pyroplasma agents for animals, especially cattle;
Further research results in humans or animals (e.g. poultry)
It was also found to be useful as an antimalarial agent. Tetrocalcins may be administered to humans or other animals orally or parenterally. In other words, in the case of an injection, it may be directly dissolved in water or physiological saline, and may contain antioxidants (sodium pyrosulfite, etc.), soothing agents (procaine hydrochloride, etc.), preservatives (methyl paraoxybenzoate, paraoxybenzoate, etc.). Propyl acid, etc.), PH regulator (sodium hydroxide, etc.), etc. may be further added. In addition, tetrocalcins are diluents (e.g., starch, sucrose, lactose, calcium carbonate, kaolin, etc.), fillers (e.g., lactose, starch, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, kaolin, bentonanth, talc, etc.), and lubricants. Adding pharmaceutical ingredients such as stearic acid, paraffin, boric acid, silica, sodium benzoate, polyethylene glycol, etc. to form powders, tablets, granules,
It can also be administered in the form of capsules, suppositories, suspensions, emulsions, etc. When using tetrocalcins as anti-pyroplasma agents, the dosage should be 0.1 to 20.0 mg/Kg (especially
0.32-9.6mg/Kg) (as tetrocalcins),
The number of administrations is once a day, 1 to 7 times per course, and the administration is continuous or intermittently. The general method of administration is intravenous injection, but subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, and oral administration are also possible. When using tetrocalcins as an antimalarial agent, the dosage may be 0.5 to 10 mg/Kg (as tetrocalcins), and the frequency and method of administration may be the same as above. Aspects of the present invention will be illustrated below by way of Examples. Example 1 Blood was collected from BR-infected mice, infected blood cells were prepared with physiological saline so that the number of parasites was 8.6 x 10 ⁵ /0.2 ml, and ip inoculated into 5 mice per group to make them infected mice. . Tetrocalcin A and B were subcutaneously injected per animal once a day for 7 consecutive days from the same time as infection in all groups. The dosage of tetrocalcin A is as shown in Table 1.
0.1ml each, and tetrocalcin B is 0.1mg/0.1ml.
The liquid was divided into 0.1 ml portions. Mouse survival rates are shown in Table 1. In the non-medicated control group, 1 animal was born on the 7th day and 4 animals were born on the 8th day.
All animals died, and autopsy revealed marked anemia, enlarged liver,
Anemia, splenomegaly, and mesenteric lymph node enlargement were evident, and jaundice was sometimes marked. BR in red blood cells
A high degree of parasitism is observed. On the other hand, more than 0.025 mg/day/mouse of tetrocalcin A and 0.1 mg/day/mouse of tetrocalcin B were administered.
When administered for 7 consecutive days from the day of BR infection, all cases showed 1
It is effective and can survive for more than a month.

[Table] Example 2 A test was conducted using infected mice produced in the same manner as in Example 1. Tetrocalcin A was administered at the dosage shown in Table 2, and the number of subcutaneous administrations was shortened to 1 to 5 times. The results are shown in Table 2. All five animals in the non-medicated control group died by the 9th day, and the autopsy findings and protozoan detection results were the same as in the control group of Example 1.

【table】

[Table] Example 3 A test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1. The dosage is 0.1 ml and the dosing schedule is shown in Table 3.

【table】

[Table] Blood smear test: Blood smears were prepared for some patients during the course of the disease and tested for the presence or absence of BR infection. Challenge: In groups that survived for more than a month after infection, some mice (e.g. 3 out of 5 mice in the all-survival group) received the same number of BRs as at the time of inoculation.
The challenge was performed by intraperitoneal inoculation. Serological response: Mice that survived the challenge, along with mice that survived the challenge,
One month after the challenge, the animals were sacrificed and plasma was collected. An agar gel precipitation reaction was performed between this plasma and a plasma antigen collected at the peak of parasitemia (a condition in which protozoa appear in red blood cells). The results are shown in Table 4.

【table】

[Table] Number/number of challenge cases
0.4 mg, 0, 2, and 4 days dosing for the 1-dose group, 0.2 mg, 0-1, 2-3, 4-5 for the 2-dose group
and dosing on days 6-7, 0.1 mg, 4-4 in the 3-dose group.
When administered on the 6th day, 0.05 mg was administered 7 times, and all cases survived after the initial infection and were effective. The presence or absence of parasitemia during the course of infection,
If we take a comprehensive look at the results of the challenge on the surviving mice and the results of the agar gel sedimentation reaction of serum at the time of final sacrifice, it is only in the group and group that the mice were negative for parasitemia during the test and were wiped out after the challenge. 0.4 mg once or 0.2 at the beginning of infection
It was found that two administrations of 1 mg were highly effective. Example 4 As a result of a test using BR parasitic in small animals, it was revealed that tetrocalcin A and tetrocalcin B are very effective.The former tetrocalcin A was tested in cattle to determine its effectiveness and practicality against TS. I checked to see if it existed. A cow weighing approximately 200 kg whose spleen had been removed was infected by subcutaneously inoculating 1 x 10 ⁹ TS Fukushima strain at a time to obtain a TS-infected cow. All medications are intravenous injections, and the dosage is 1
The doses were 0.32 mg/Kg and 3.2 mg/Kg per head, and the number of doses was 2 to 3 times every day or every other day. The results are the first
This is shown in Figure 3. 0.32mg/Kg/day/cow, TS parasitism rate is 25
%, the drug was administered once a day for 3 consecutive days. When administering 3.2 mg/Kg/day/cow twice, one dose was administered when the TS parasitism rate exceeded 23%. The parasitic rate was 3.5% on the 7th day of administration, so when the same amount was administered once more, a considerable decrease to 0.1% was observed on the 2nd day. TS for 3.2mg/Kg/day/cow 3 times every other day.
Medication was started when the parasitism rate exceeded 22.5%. The parasitism rate decreased rapidly and by the 4th day after the end of the treatment,
It decreased to 0.1% and 0% on the 6th day, indicating that it is effective. Example 5 TS-infected cows were created in the same manner as in Example 4,
The efficacy of tetrocalcin A was investigated. The dosage of tetrocalcin A is 6.4 per animal.
Administered intravenously at mg/Kg 2-3 times every other day. The results are shown in Figures 4 and 5. When administering 6.4 mg/Kg/day/cow twice every other day, dosing was started when the TS parasitism rate exceeded 14%. The parasitism rate decreased rapidly, and by the third day after the end of the treatment,
1.0%, and on the 6th day it became 0%, proving it to be effective. When administering 6.4 mg/Kg/day/cow 3 times every other day, dosing was started when the TS parasitism rate exceeded 20%. The parasitism rate was already 0.6% on the day of the end of treatment, and on the second day
0.05%, and on the third day it became 0%, indicating an extremely strong anti-pyroplasma effect. After that, the parasitic rate remained at 0% for more than 7 weeks, and the anti-pyroplasma effect was also observed to be persistent. Example 6 TS-infected cows were produced in the same manner as in Example 4, and tetrocalcin A was treated with commercially available anti-pyroplasma drugs, diminazine acetylate preparation (Ganazetuku) and 8-aminoquinoline preparation (Pamaquine). A comparative efficacy study was conducted. The dosage of tetrocalcin A is 6.4 mg/head.
Kg was administered intravenously twice every other day. Ganazetsuk was administered intramuscularly at 10.0 mg/Kg per animal for 2 consecutive days, and Pamaquin was administered subcutaneously at 1.6 mg/Kg per animal for 2 consecutive days. Medications were administered when the TS parasitism rate of each cow exceeded 20%. As a result, the parasitism rate of cattle treated with tetrocalcin A rapidly decreased to 1.5% on the 4th day and 0% on the 7th day, indicating that the treatment was effective. On the other hand, in the cows treated with Ganazetsuku, the parasitic rate decreased to 5% on the 6th day, but after that it hardly decreased, and after 14 days it increased to 15%, and no effect was observed. In the cows treated with Pamaquin, the parasitic rate decreased to 10% on the 6th day, but it hardly decreased after that, and an increasing trend was observed after 14 days, indicating that there was no effect. Example 7 TS-infected cattle were produced in the same manner as in Example 4,
The efficacy of tetrocalcin A upon subcutaneous injection was investigated. Tetrocalcin A dosage is 3.2mg/Kg and 6.4
The dosage was mg/Kg twice every other day, and medication was started when the TS parasitism rate exceeded 25%. When 3.2 mg/Kg was administered twice every other day, it was 0.2% on the 7th day after completion of administration, which was clearly effective. When 6.2 mg/Kg was administered twice every other day, the rate was 1.2% on the 3rd day after completion of administration, and 0% on the 6th day, indicating that it was as effective as intravenous administration. Furthermore, no side effects such as induration, edema, or fever were observed during administration. Example 8 Safety of cattle by tetrocalcin A administration 0.32 mg/Kg to 20.0 mg/Kg per cow once a day
Even after administering the drug intravenously, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally, or orally for 2 to 7 consecutive days, no side effects such as fever, anorexia, vomiting, pain, induration, edema, clinical findings, or blood test findings were observed. Nakatsuta. Example 9 Plasmodium bergei
berghei) (hereinafter referred to as PB), infected blood cells were prepared with physiological saline so that the number of parasites was approximately 2 × 10 ⁶ / 10.2 ml, and ip inoculated into 5 mice per group for infection. I used a mouse. Tetrocalcin A was subcutaneously injected per animal once a day for 7 consecutive days from the same time as infection in all groups, and the progress was observed. Tetrocalcin A dosages are 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/
Mouse/day. As a result, 5 animals in the no-medication control group had 2 animals on the 7th day,
Two animals died on the 8th day and 1 animal died on the 9th day, and infected blood cells were found in all cases at autopsy. On the other hand, when the tetrocalcin A group was administered at 0.025 mg/mouse/day for 7 consecutive days, 1 day was administered on the 8th day.
Two animals died on the 10th day, and two died on the 11th day, and there was no significant difference from the non-medicated control group. In the group treated with 0.05 mg/mouse/day for 7 consecutive days, one mouse each died on the 16th, 19th, 20th, and 25th days, but one mouse survived beyond the 40th day and some effects were observed. Ta. In the group treated with 0.1 mg/mouse/day for 7 consecutive days, no symptoms were observed in any of the animals, and the drug survived for over 40 days, proving to be effective. Blood was collected from the tail vein of the mice in this group on the 15th day and tested for malaria parasites, but the results were negative in all cases. In addition, all cases were sacrificed on the 44th day, but no infected blood cells were found, and no significant changes were observed at autopsy.
No malaria parasites were found in smears of the liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, heart, thymus, or brain. Therefore, the above-mentioned seven organs from five animals were pooled to form a physiological saline suspension, and two of the organs were ip inoculated into second-generation mice. Since both mice of the second generation did not develop any symptoms, they were sacrificed on the 36th day after inoculation. No significant changes were found at autopsy, and no malaria parasites were found in organ smears of the liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, heart, or thymus, demonstrating the effectiveness of the drug. Example 10 A test was conducted using PB-infected mice produced in the same manner as in Example 9. The dosage of tetrocalcin A is 0.1 per animal;
The doses were 0.2 and 0.4 mg/mouse/day, and the frequency of subcutaneous administration was once a day for 7 consecutive days. As a result, all the animals in the no-medication control group died by the 8th day, but all the animals in the group treated with tetrocalcin A of 0.1 mg/mouse/day or more survived without developing symptoms, so they were sacrificed on the 40th day. Disposed of. During this period, protozoan test results on the 15th day and at the time of culling were negative, and the second generation mice that were ip inoculated with the organ emulsion of the first mouse at the time of culling did not develop any disease and were killed on the 40th day, but the protozoan test results were negative. The results were negative, indicating that the drug was effective. Example 11 A test was conducted using 5 PB-infected mice produced in the same manner as in Example 9 per group. The dosage of tetrocalcin B is 0.1 per animal;
0.2 and 0.4 mg/mouse/day, and the number of subcutaneous administrations was 1.
The test was carried out once a day for 7 consecutive times. As a result, all five animals in the non-medicated control group died by day 8, and infected blood cells were found in all animals at autopsy. On the other hand, in the tetrocalcin B administration group, survival was slightly prolonged at 0.1 mg/mouse/day;
1 each on the 10th, 13th, 17th, 20th, and 23rd days
All five died. In the case of 0.2 mg and 0.4 mg/mouse/day, all the animals survived without developing any symptoms and were sacrificed on the 40th day. During this period, the protozoan test results were negative on the 15th day and at the time of sacrifice, and the second generation mice that were inoculated with the organ emulsion of the first generation mouse at the time of sacrifice did not develop any disease and were killed on the 40th day, but the protozoan test results were negative. was negative, indicating that the drug was effective. Example 12 A test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 3. The results are shown in Table 5.

[Table] Tetrocalcin B and C had considerable effects, and all BR-infected mice survived. Looking at the results after the challenge, in the tetrocalcin B group, one of the three challenged animals died on the 8th day, but two survived, and the in-gel sedimentation reaction of the two animals that were not challenged was positive. Tetrocalcin C
In the group, two of the three challenged animals were on the 9th day.
One animal died on the 10th day, but one survived, and both drugs were effective. The above results suggest that tetrocalcin B and C, like tetrocalcin A, are effective against BR when administered in small doses, and are also sufficiently effective against Babesia and Theileria in cattle.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1 to 5 show the effect of administering tetrocalcin A on TS-infected splenectomized cows. In Figures 1 to 5, the vertical axis shows the number of protozoan-parasitized red blood cells per 1000 red blood cells, and the horizontal axis shows the number of days. The arrows indicate the time points of administration, with each arrow indicating 0.32 mg/Kg administration in Figure 1, 3.2 mg/Kg administration in Figures 2 and 3, and 3.2 mg/Kg administration in Figures 4 and 5.
The figure shows 6.4 mg/Kg administration.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An anti-pyroplasma agent containing at least one type of tetrocalcin.