【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明はガラス組成物、特に吸湿材、各種分離
膜、触媒、酸素或は微生物の担体、クロマトグラ
フイー用の充填材などに用いられる多孔体用ガラ
ス組成物に関する。
〔従来技術〕
すでに1930年代にNa2O−B2O3−SiO2系ガラ
スの分相現象を利用してこのような多孔性ガラス
が開発され、熱処理あるいは溶出工程に関する技
術は公知となつている。この他にも多孔性ガラス
の母体ガラス組成として特開昭57−140334には、
SiO2−B2O3−Al2O3−CaO系ガラが、又特開昭
61−4084にはSiO2−B2O3−Al2O3−CaO−Na2O
系が提案されている。本発明者らも、先に、
SiO2−B2O3−Al2O3−CaO−K2O系ガラス組成
を提案した(特開昭62−167239)。しかしこれら
の多孔性ガラスは、科学的耐久性に乏しくその用
途に制限を受けている。そこで科学的耐久性を高
めるためにZrO2を含有させることが試みられ、
SiO2−B2O3−CaO−Na2O系にZrO2を加えた母
体ガラスからZrO2を含有する多孔性ガラスが開
発された(特開昭62−202839)。
〔発明が解決しようとする課題〕
前述のごとく従来の多孔性ガラスは科学的耐久
性に乏しいために使用中に細孔半径が大きくな
り、例えば分離膜としての性能がごく短時間しか
保てないなどの問題があつた。
本発明は先に発明者らが提案した多孔体用ガラ
ス組成物を基本とした科学的耐久性に優れた多孔
性ガラスを提案して、このような不都合を解決す
ることを目的とする。
〔課題を解決するための手段〕
本発明の要旨は、重量パーセントで表示して本
質的に下記組成
SiO2 40〜60%
B2O3 1〜8%
Al2O3 6〜16%
MgO 0〜10%
CaO 10〜30%
SrO,BaO,ZnOの合計
0〜5%
上記二価金属酸化物の合計
10〜30%
ZrO2 2〜12%
Li2O 0〜3%
Na2O 0〜4%
K2O 3〜15%
上記アルカリ金属酸化物の合計
3〜15%
からなることを特徴とする多孔体用ガラス組成物
である。
上記ガラス組成物からなる所定形状のガラス体
を600〜900℃の温度で熱処理し、必要に応じて粉
砕など加工した後に次いで塩酸、硫酸、硝酸等の
鉱酸の水溶液に適当な時間浸漬して可溶性成分を
溶出せしめてビーズ、パイプ、板、棒、繊維、中
空繊維、フレーク、粒子、粉末等の多孔体が得ら
れる。
〔作用〕
本発明の組成限定理由は次の通りである。
SiO2が40%未満ではガラスが失透しやすく、
60%を越えると溶融が困難となる。
B2O3が1%未満では可溶性分の溶出に時間が
掛かり、8%を越えるとガラスの溶融、熱処理時
にB2O3の揮発が増大し好ましくない。
Al2O3が6%未満ではガラスの分相が困難にな
り、16%を越えると溶融が困難になる。
MgOはガラスの成形性あるいは失透性を改善
するために10%以下の範囲で含まれてもよい。
CaOは10%未満ではガラスの分相が困難とな
り、30%を越えるとガラスの失透温度が高くなる
ために成形が困難となる。
SrO,BaO,ZnOはそれらの合計が5%を越え
ない範囲で含まれてもよい。そしてこれらの二価
金属酸化物(MgO,CaO,SrO,BaO,ZnO)
の合計が10%未満ではガラスの分相が困難であ
り、30%を越えると成形が困難となる。
ZrO2は多孔性ガラスの科学的耐久性を高める
ための必須成分であるが、2%未満では効果が低
く12%を越えるとガラスの溶融が困難となる。
Li2Oは必ずしも必要ではないが分相を促進す
る効果があり、熱処理時間の短縮になるので3%
まで含んでも良い。3%を越えても効果の増大は
なく原料費が高くなるので3%を上限とする。
Na2Oも必ずしも必要ではないが、ガラスの溶
解を容易にするために4%まで含まれても良い。
4%を越えると熱処理による軟化変形が大きくな
るので好ましくない。
K2Oは本発明に係わるガラスを分相させるの
に必須の成分である。K2Oが3%未満ではガラ
スの分相が困難であり、15%を越えると分相が困
難になると共に熱処理時の軟化変形が大きくなつ
て好ましくない。
上記Li2O,Na2O及びK2Oのアルカリ金属酸
化物の合計が3%未満ではガラスの溶融が困難で
あり、15%を越えるとガラスの分相が困難になる
と共に、熱処理時の軟化変形が大きくなるので好
ましくない。
〔実施例〕
次に本発明を実施例について説明する。第1表
の組成(重量%)を有する14種のガラスを溶融し
てステンレス鉄板上に流しだし放冷した。この放
冷ガラスを適当な大きさに割つてガラスの小片と
なし、分相させるための熱処理をした。熱処理し
たガラス試料を乳鉢にて粉砕、分級して粒径が
125〜250μmのガラス粉を製造した。このガラス
粉3gを400mlの1規定の硫酸溶液中で77℃、16
時間リーチングをして可溶相を溶出させた後、濾
過した。このガラス粉を水洗後、常温の0.5規定
のカセイソーダ溶液400ml中で超音波を掛けなが
ら15分間処理した。処理したガラス粉を水洗した
後、常温の0.5規定の塩酸溶液400ml中にいれて超
音波を掛けながら15分間処理した。その後水洗
し、水溶液が中性になるまで水洗を繰り返し、
120℃の乾燥器中で水分を蒸発させて多孔性ガラ
ス試料を得た。多孔性ガラス試料は、水銀圧入法
によつて細孔容積、細孔半径、比表面積を測定し
た。結果は第1表に示す通りである。第1表の比
較例はK2Oを3%未満しか含まない組成である
が、このガラスは750℃、20時間の熱処理をして
も分相が認めらず、多孔性ガラスとはなり得なか
つた。
実施例10の多孔性ガラスの分析値は、重量%で
SiO274.93,B2O32.80,Al2O37.99,CaO4.31,
ZrO25.96,Li2O0.00,Na2O0.40,K2O3.61であつ
た。この多孔性ガラスを0.1規定のカセイソーダ
溶液に室温で75時間浸漬して重量減を測定したと
ころ0.015g/m2であつた。これに対し、ZrO2を
含有しない従来の多孔性ガラスは同様の試験で
0.06g/m2の重量減を示した。また、実施例1−
9で得られた多孔性ガラス試料は、上記の科学的
耐久性の試験で0.001−0.03g/m2の範囲内の優
れた値を示した。
〔発明の効果〕
実施例において説明したごとく、本発明に係わ
る多孔性ガラスはZrO2を2%以上含有しており、
ZrO2を含有していない従来の多孔性ガラスと比
較して科学的耐久性に優れている。従つてpHが
7以上である溶液の処理(例えば高速液体クロマ
トグラフイーの充填材)も安定して行えるなど効
果は大きい。
[Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a glass composition, and particularly to a glass composition for porous bodies used for moisture absorbing materials, various separation membranes, catalysts, carriers for oxygen or microorganisms, fillers for chromatography, and the like. [Prior art] Such porous glass was already developed in the 1930s by utilizing the phase separation phenomenon of Na 2 O-B 2 O 3 -SiO 2- based glass, and the technology related to heat treatment or elution process has become publicly known. There is. In addition, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 140334/1983 describes the matrix glass composition of porous glass.
SiO 2 −B 2 O 3 −Al 2 O 3 −CaO glass is also
61-4084 has SiO2 - B2O3 - Al2O3 - CaO - Na2O
system has been proposed. The present inventors also previously
A SiO 2 -B 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 -CaO-K 2 O glass composition was proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 167239/1983). However, these porous glasses lack scientific durability and are limited in their uses. Therefore, attempts were made to include ZrO 2 in order to improve scientific durability.
A porous glass containing ZrO 2 was developed from a matrix glass obtained by adding ZrO 2 to the SiO 2 -B 2 O 3 -CaO-Na 2 O system (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-202839). [Problem to be solved by the invention] As mentioned above, conventional porous glass lacks scientific durability, so the pore radius increases during use, and its performance as a separation membrane, for example, can only be maintained for a very short time. There were problems such as. An object of the present invention is to propose a porous glass having excellent scientific durability based on the glass composition for porous bodies previously proposed by the inventors, and to solve such inconveniences. [Means for Solving the Problems] The gist of the present invention essentially consists of the following composition expressed in weight percent: SiO 2 40-60% B 2 O 3 1-8% Al 2 O 3 6-16% MgO 0 ~10% CaO 10-30% Total of SrO, BaO, ZnO 0-5% Total of the above divalent metal oxides 10-30% ZrO 2 2-12% Li 2 O 0-3% Na 2 O 0-4 % K 2 O 3 to 15% and a total of 3 to 15% of the above alkali metal oxides. A glass body of a predetermined shape made of the above glass composition is heat-treated at a temperature of 600 to 900°C, processed by crushing as necessary, and then immersed in an aqueous solution of a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or nitric acid for an appropriate period of time. By eluting the soluble components, porous bodies such as beads, pipes, plates, rods, fibers, hollow fibers, flakes, particles, and powders can be obtained. [Operation] The reason for limiting the composition of the present invention is as follows. When SiO 2 is less than 40%, the glass tends to devitrify;
If it exceeds 60%, melting becomes difficult. If the B 2 O 3 content is less than 1%, it will take time to dissolve the soluble components, and if it exceeds 8%, the volatilization of B 2 O 3 will increase during glass melting and heat treatment, which is not preferable. If Al 2 O 3 is less than 6%, phase separation of the glass becomes difficult, and if it exceeds 16%, melting becomes difficult. MgO may be included in an amount of 10% or less in order to improve the formability or devitrification of the glass. If CaO is less than 10%, phase separation of the glass becomes difficult, and if it exceeds 30%, the devitrification temperature of the glass becomes high, making it difficult to form the glass. SrO, BaO, and ZnO may be contained within a range in which the total amount thereof does not exceed 5%. and these divalent metal oxides (MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, ZnO)
If the total amount is less than 10%, phase separation of the glass will be difficult, and if it exceeds 30%, molding will be difficult. ZrO 2 is an essential component for increasing the chemical durability of porous glass, but if it is less than 2% it is less effective and if it exceeds 12% it becomes difficult to melt the glass. Although Li 2 O is not necessarily necessary, it has the effect of promoting phase separation and shortens the heat treatment time, so it should be added at 3%.
It may also include up to If it exceeds 3%, the effect will not increase and the cost of raw materials will increase, so the upper limit is set at 3%. Na 2 O is also not necessary, but may be included up to 4% to facilitate melting of the glass.
If it exceeds 4%, softening deformation due to heat treatment becomes large, which is not preferable. K 2 O is an essential component for phase-separating the glass according to the present invention. If K 2 O is less than 3%, phase separation of the glass is difficult, and if it exceeds 15%, phase separation becomes difficult and softening deformation during heat treatment increases, which is not preferable. If the total content of the alkali metal oxides Li 2 O, Na 2 O and K 2 O is less than 3%, it will be difficult to melt the glass, and if it exceeds 15%, phase separation of the glass will be difficult and problems will occur during heat treatment. This is not preferable because it increases the softening deformation. [Example] Next, the present invention will be described with reference to an example. Fourteen types of glasses having the compositions (wt%) shown in Table 1 were melted and poured onto a stainless iron plate and allowed to cool. This air-cooled glass was broken into small pieces of glass of an appropriate size, and heat-treated to separate the phases. The heat-treated glass sample is crushed in a mortar and classified to determine the particle size.
Glass powder of 125-250μm was produced. 3 g of this glass powder was added to 400 ml of 1N sulfuric acid solution at 77°C at 16°C.
After leaching for a period of time to elute the soluble phase, it was filtered. After washing the glass powder with water, it was treated in 400 ml of a 0.5N caustic soda solution at room temperature for 15 minutes while applying ultrasonic waves. After washing the treated glass powder with water, it was placed in 400 ml of a 0.5N hydrochloric acid solution at room temperature and treated for 15 minutes while applying ultrasonic waves. After that, wash with water and repeat washing until the aqueous solution becomes neutral.
The water was evaporated in a dryer at 120°C to obtain a porous glass sample. Pore volume, pore radius, and specific surface area of the porous glass samples were measured by mercury intrusion method. The results are shown in Table 1. The comparative example in Table 1 has a composition containing less than 3% K 2 O, but this glass did not show phase separation even after heat treatment at 750°C for 20 hours, and could not become a porous glass. Nakatsuta. The analysis value of the porous glass of Example 10 is
SiO 2 74.93, B 2 O 3 2.80, Al 2 O 3 7.99, CaO4.31,
ZrO 2 5.96, Li 2 O 0.00, Na 2 O 0.40, K 2 O 3.61. This porous glass was immersed in a 0.1N caustic soda solution at room temperature for 75 hours, and the weight loss was measured to be 0.015 g/m 2 . In contrast, conventional porous glass that does not contain ZrO 2 fails in similar tests.
It showed a weight loss of 0.06 g/m 2 . In addition, Example 1-
The porous glass samples obtained in Example 9 showed excellent values in the range of 0.001-0.03 g/m 2 in the above-mentioned scientific durability tests. [Effects of the Invention] As explained in the examples, the porous glass according to the present invention contains 2% or more of ZrO 2 .
It has superior scientific durability compared to conventional porous glass that does not contain ZrO2 . Therefore, it has great effects, such as being able to stably process solutions with a pH of 7 or more (for example, as a packing material for high-performance liquid chromatography).
【表】【table】
【表】【table】