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JPH0441167B2 - - Google Patents
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JPH0441167B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0441167B2
JPH0441167B2 JP59160892A JP16089284A JPH0441167B2 JP H0441167 B2 JPH0441167 B2 JP H0441167B2 JP 59160892 A JP59160892 A JP 59160892A JP 16089284 A JP16089284 A JP 16089284A JP H0441167 B2 JPH0441167 B2 JP H0441167B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
crown
polymerization
polymer
optically active
mmol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP59160892A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS6140308A (en
Inventor
Toyoji Kakuchi
Kazuaki Yokota
Yoshuki Takada
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zeon Corp
Original Assignee
Nippon Zeon Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Zeon Co Ltd filed Critical Nippon Zeon Co Ltd
Priority to JP59160892A priority Critical patent/JPS6140308A/en
Publication of JPS6140308A publication Critical patent/JPS6140308A/en
Publication of JPH0441167B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0441167B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

(産業上の利用分野) 本発明は一般式 又は (式中、R,R′及びR″は水素又は低級アルキ
ル基、nは0又は1〜5の整数)で表わされる化
合物を環化重合することにより有用なる光学活性
クラウンポリマーを製造する方法に関するもので
ある。 (従来技術) クラウン化合物はその環を構成しているヘテロ
原子が寄り集まつてできた内孔に種々の陽イオン
を取り込んで錯体を生成する特性を有している。
これらクラウン化合物の中で光学活性なクラウン
エーテル類もまた取込む分子の不斉を識別するな
どの特異な性質を示すものとして知られている。
主な光学活性クラウン類としては、Cramらによ
る1.1′−ビナフチル基が、また然の光学活性異性
体を出発原料とするものとしてはLehnらによつ
て酒石酸から、Stoddartらによつてマニトール
から合成されたクラウンエーテルが知られてい
る。 しかし、既知の光学活性クラウンエーテルの多
くは単量体であり、その機能を工業的に実用化す
るためには高分子化ないしは固定化が必要とな
る。クラウンポリマーの合成は通常クラウンモノ
マーの重縮合やビニル重合などによつて行なわれ
るが、これまで光学活性クラウンポリマーが合成
された例としてはCramらによる次式の方法が知
られるのみである。(g,Am,Chem,Soc.,97
1259,1957年) (発明が解決しようとする問題点) しかし、既存のクラウンエーテルの合成法は一
般に稀釈法を用いなければならず、かつ低収率で
ある。さらには高分子化あるいは固定化するため
にクラウン化合物にアミノ基、カルボキシル基、
水酸基、ビニル基などの置換基を導入しなければ
ならず、このために数段階の反応を要するなどの
欠点があつた。このような合成上の問題の他に、
既知のクラウンポリマーは機能面、すなわち金属
カチオンの選択的取り込み能だけでは市販のイオ
ン交換樹脂に較べて種々の点で劣つており、高機
能性の光学活性クラウンポリマーの出現が待たれ
ていた。 (問題点を解決するための手段) 本発明者らは環化重合という分子内環化と分子
間付加反応を交互に繰り返す重合様式につき、
種々の観点から広汎に研究を行なつた結果、次式
で示される如く光学活性な母核を含むジビニルエ
ーテル化合物を重合触媒を用いて環化重合するこ
とにより、高収率で環化率が実質的に100%の、
架橋反応を伴わず有機溶媒に可溶性の光学活性ク
ラウンポリマーが得られることを見い出した。 又は 本発明の方法によれば、モノマーは非環状であ
るので合成が容易であること、環化構造が15員環
以上のクラウンポリマーが高収率で得られるこ
と、高機能性の光学活性クラウンポリマーが得ら
れるなどの利点を有している。 本発明で用いることができるクラウンモノマー
は一般式、 又は、 で表わされる化合物であり、これらはモノマーの
前駆体である不斉中心をもつビナフトール化合物
をビニル化、2−ビニロキシエチル化、2−(2
−ビニロキシエトキシ)エチル化、2−(2−(2
−ビニロキシ)エトキシ)エチル化、2−(2−
(2−(2−ビニロキシ)エトキシ)エトキシ)エ
チル化、2−(2−(2−(2−(2−ビニロキシ)
エトキシ)エトキシ)エトキシ)エチル化するこ
とにより得られる。ここで、式中のRは例えば水
素又はCH3,C(CH32などの低級アルキル基で
ある。R′及びR″は水素又は炭素数1〜4の低級
アルキル基である。また、nは0又は1〜5の整
数である。nが6以上でもクラウンモノマーの合
成は可能であり、光学活性のポリマーを得ること
ができるが、実用的でない。 このようなクラウンモノマーの環化重合によつ
て光学活性クラウンポリマーが合成できる。環化
構造はnを選択する方法で任意の大きさに調節で
きる。 環化重合は適当な溶媒中環化触媒を用いて行な
われる。環化触媒としては一般にはカチオン重合
触媒、例えばCrO3,CrO2Cl2,MoO2Cl2,Wo2
Cl2,MoO3,MoO3+Mn,MoO3+Mg,MoO3
+Ni,V2O3,Br2,IBr,ICl,I2,BF3,AlCl3
AlF3,AlBr3,TiCl4,TiBr2,SnCl4,SnBr4
SbCl5,FeCl3,ReCl5,ZnCl2,CdCl2,Fe2
(SO43・H2SO4・XH2O(X3,4)Al2(SO43
H2SO4・18H2O,Al2(SO43・3H2SO4・7H2O,
VOSO4,V2(SO43,Cr2(SO43・18H2O,
MgSO4・7H2O,CoCO4・7H2O,AlRCl2
AlR2Cl,AlR3,BF2(C4H9),RMgX,AlR3
H2O,ZnR2−H2Oなどが用いられるが、
Ziegler触媒、Vandenberg触媒などの光学活性な
開始剤を用いて行なうこともできる。ポリマー主
鎖の立体規則性制御は溶媒の種類、重合触媒、重
合温度などを適宜選択することにより行なわれ
る。 (発明の効果) 医薬、農薬、香料、食品などの分野における化
合物には、光学活性な物質が多く、しかも光学異
性と生物活性との間には深い関係があることが知
られている。従つて、これらの光学異性体の分
離、分析は極めて重要な課題となつている。 本発明の方法により得られる光学活性クラウン
ポリマーは分子の不斉を識別する機能を有するの
で、カラムクロマトグラフイーの充填剤として用
いて光学異性体の分離に利用できる。また、ポリ
マーを膜に成形し、これを生体関連物質の分離や
センサーなどに応用できる。 以下に、実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに具体的
に説明する。 実施例 1 モノマーの合成 10g(35mモル)の(−)−(S)−1.1′−ビナ
フトールを200mlの乾燥ジメチルホルムアミドに
溶かし、これに3.9gの水素化ナトリウム(55%
油性)を加え70℃で1時間撹拌する。次に、8.9
g(84mモル)の2−クロルエチルビニルエーテ
ルを加えた後、この温度で24時間反応させる。反
応終了後水を加えて有機層をジクロルメタンで抽
出し、溶媒を除去した後アルミナを充填剤とした
カラムクロマトグラフイーにより精製することに
より、13gの(−)−(S)−2.2′−ビス(2−ビ
ニロキシエトキシ)−1.1′−ビナフチルが得られ
た。(収率87%)比旋光度は〔α〕20 D−37.6(C.1.0,
CHCl3)であつた。 重 合 枝付きガラスアンプルに1mモルのモノマーと
2mモルの溶媒を入れ0℃に冷却した後、触媒溶
液を加えて重合を行なつた。一定時間経過後、ア
ンプル内容物を大過剰のメタノールに注ぎ不溶物
を濾別した。得られたポリマーはメタノール/ク
ロロホルムで再沈澱して精製した。ポリマーの分
子量(VPO法で測定)は1.8×104であり、比旋光
度は〔α〕20 D−25.3(C.1.0,CHCl3)であつた。得
られた結果を次表に示した。表中の〔M〕/
〔Cat〕はモノマー〔M〕と触媒〔Cat〕の使用割
合をモル比率で表したものである。
(Industrial Application Field) The present invention is based on the general formula or (In the formula, R, R' and R'' are hydrogen or lower alkyl groups, and n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 5.) (Prior Art) Crown compounds have the property of forming complexes by incorporating various cations into the inner pores formed by the heteroatoms constituting the ring.
Among these crown compounds, optically active crown ethers are also known to exhibit unique properties such as the ability to recognize the chirality of the molecule to be incorporated.
The main optically active crowns are the 1.1'-binaphthyl group by Cram et al., and those using the same optically active isomers as starting materials are synthesized from tartaric acid by Lehn et al. and from mannitol by Stoddart et al. Crown ether is known. However, most of the known optically active crown ethers are monomers, and in order to put their functions into practical use industrially, polymerization or immobilization is required. Crown polymers are usually synthesized by polycondensation of crown monomers, vinyl polymerization, etc., but the only known example of synthesizing an optically active crown polymer so far is the following method by Cram et al. (g, Am, Chem, Soc., 97
1259, 1957) (Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, existing crown ether synthesis methods generally require the use of a dilution method and have low yields. Furthermore, in order to polymerize or immobilize the crown compound, amino groups, carboxyl groups, etc.
Substituents such as hydroxyl groups and vinyl groups had to be introduced, which had the disadvantage of requiring several reaction steps. In addition to these synthetic problems,
Known crown polymers are inferior in various respects to commercially available ion exchange resins in terms of functionality, ie, the ability to selectively incorporate metal cations, and the emergence of highly functional optically active crown polymers has been awaited. (Means for Solving the Problems) The present inventors have developed a method of polymerization called cyclization polymerization in which intramolecular cyclization and intermolecular addition reactions are alternately repeated.
As a result of extensive research from various viewpoints, we have found that by cyclopolymerizing a divinyl ether compound containing an optically active core using a polymerization catalyst as shown in the following formula, a high yield and high cyclization rate can be achieved. virtually 100%,
It has been found that an optically active crown polymer soluble in organic solvents can be obtained without a crosslinking reaction. or According to the method of the present invention, the monomer is acyclic, so it is easy to synthesize, a crown polymer having a cyclized structure of 15 or more members can be obtained in high yield, and a highly functional optically active crown polymer. It has the advantage of being able to obtain The crown monomer that can be used in the present invention has the general formula: Or These compounds are monomer precursors, binaphthol compounds with an asymmetric center, which are vinylated, 2-vinyloxyethylated, 2-(2
-vinyloxyethoxy)ethylation, 2-(2-(2
-vinyloxy)ethoxy)ethylation, 2-(2-
(2-(2-vinyloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethylation, 2-(2-(2-(2-(2-vinyloxy)
Obtained by ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethylation. Here, R in the formula is, for example, hydrogen or a lower alkyl group such as CH 3 or C(CH 3 ) 2 . R' and R'' are hydrogen or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Also, n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 5. Crown monomers can be synthesized even when n is 6 or more, and optically active It is possible to obtain a polymer of The cyclization polymerization is carried out in a suitable solvent using a cyclization catalyst.The cyclization catalyst is generally a cationic polymerization catalyst such as CrO 3 , CrO 2 Cl 2 , MoO 2 Cl 2 , Wo 2
Cl 2 , MoO 3 , MoO 3 +Mn, MoO 3 +Mg, MoO 3
+Ni, V 2 O 3 , Br 2 , IBr, ICl, I 2 , BF 3 , AlCl 3 ,
AlF 3 , AlBr 3 , TiCl 4 , TiBr 2 , SnCl 4 , SnBr 4 ,
SbCl 5 , FeCl 3 , ReCl 5 , ZnCl 2 , CdCl 2 , Fe 2
(SO 4 ) 3・H 2 SO 4・XH 2 O(X3,4)Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3
H 2 SO 4・18H 2 O, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3・3H 2 SO 4・7H 2 O,
VOSO 4 , V 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , Cr 2 (SO 4 ) 3・18H 2 O,
MgSO47H2O , CoCO47H2O , AlRCl2 ,
AlR 2 Cl, AlR 3 , BF 2 (C 4 H 9 ), RMgX, AlR 3
H 2 O, ZnR 2 −H 2 O, etc. are used, but
It can also be carried out using an optically active initiator such as Ziegler catalyst or Vandenberg catalyst. The stereoregularity of the polymer main chain is controlled by appropriately selecting the type of solvent, polymerization catalyst, polymerization temperature, etc. (Effects of the Invention) It is known that many compounds in the fields of medicines, agricultural chemicals, fragrances, foods, etc. are optically active substances, and that there is a deep relationship between optical isomerism and biological activity. Therefore, separation and analysis of these optical isomers has become an extremely important issue. Since the optically active crown polymer obtained by the method of the present invention has the function of identifying molecular asymmetry, it can be used as a packing material for column chromatography to separate optical isomers. In addition, polymers can be formed into membranes that can be applied to the separation of biological substances and sensors. The present invention will be explained in more detail below by giving Examples. Example 1 Synthesis of monomers 10 g (35 mmol) of (-)-(S)-1,1'-binaphthol are dissolved in 200 ml of dry dimethylformamide and 3.9 g of sodium hydride (55%
Add oil) and stir at 70℃ for 1 hour. Then 8.9
After addition of g (84 mmol) of 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether, the mixture is allowed to react at this temperature for 24 hours. After the reaction was completed, water was added, the organic layer was extracted with dichloromethane, the solvent was removed, and 13 g of (-)-(S)-2.2'-bis was purified by column chromatography using alumina as a packing material. (2-vinyloxyethoxy)-1,1'-binaphthyl was obtained. (Yield 87%) The specific optical rotation is [α] 20 D −37.6 (C.1.0,
CHCl 3 ). Polymerization 1 mmol of monomer and 2 mmol of solvent were placed in a branched glass ampoule, cooled to 0°C, and then a catalyst solution was added to carry out polymerization. After a certain period of time had passed, the contents of the ampoule were poured into a large excess of methanol, and insoluble matter was filtered off. The obtained polymer was purified by reprecipitation with methanol/chloroform. The molecular weight of the polymer (measured by VPO method) was 1.8×10 4 and the specific optical rotation was [α] 20 D −25.3 (C.1.0, CHCl 3 ). The results obtained are shown in the table below. [M]/ in the table
[Cat] is the molar ratio of the monomer [M] and catalyst [Cat] used.

【表】 合成したポリマーは白色の粉末でクロロホル
ム、ベンゼン、テトラヒドロフランなどの溶媒に
可溶性であつた。また、モノマーとポリマーのH
−NMRスペクトル、ポリマーのIRスペクトルか
ら得られたポリマー中にはビニル基に由来する吸
収はすべて消失していた。さらに、何れのポリマ
ーも旋光性を示すことからポリマーは分子間付加
と分子間環化を交互に繰り返す環化重合により得
られる光学活性クラウンポリマーであることが確
認された。 実施例 2 モノマー合成 (−)−(S)−1.1′−ビナフトールに代えて、
11g(35mモル)の(−)−(S)−3.3′−ジメチ
ル−1.1′−ビナフトールを用いる以外は先の実施
例を繰り返すことにより、14.4gの(−)−(S)
−3.3′−ジメチル−2.2′−ビス(2−ビニロキシ
エトキシ)−1.1′−ビナフチルを得た。(収率90
%)比旋光度は〔α〕20 D−35.9(C.1.0,CHCl3)で
あつた。 重 合 枝付きガラスアンプルに1mモルのモノマーと
2mモルのジクロルメタンを入れ0℃に冷却した
後、SnC4溶液を加えて先の実施例と同様の重
合を行なつた。 得られたポリマーの分子量は1.6×104であり、
比旋光度は〔α〕20 D−24.4(C.1.0,CHCl3)であつ
た。 実施例 3 モノマー合成 (−)−(S)−1.1′−ビナフトールに代えて、
13g(35mモル)の(−)−(S)−6.6′−ジイソ
プロピル−1.1′−ビナフトールを用いる以外は先
の実施例を繰返すことにより、15gの(−)−
(S)−6.6′−ジイソプロピル−2.2′−ビス(2−
ビニロキシエトキシ)−1.1′−ビナフチルを得た。
(収率83%)比旋光度は〔α〕20 D−48.6(C.1.0,
CHCl3)であつた。 重 合 枝付きガラスアンプルに1mモルのモノマーと
2mモルもジクロルメタンを入れ0℃に冷却した
後、SnC4溶液を加えて先の実施例と同様の重
合を行なつた。 得られたポリマーの分子量は1.3×104であり、
比旋光度は〔α〕20 D−35.1(C.1.0,CHCl3)であつ
た。
[Table] The synthesized polymer was a white powder and was soluble in solvents such as chloroform, benzene, and tetrahydrofuran. In addition, the H of monomer and polymer
- All absorptions derived from vinyl groups in the polymer obtained from the NMR spectrum and IR spectrum of the polymer had disappeared. Furthermore, since both polymers exhibited optical rotation, it was confirmed that the polymers were optically active crown polymers obtained by cyclization polymerization in which intermolecular addition and intermolecular cyclization were alternately repeated. Example 2 Monomer synthesis Instead of (-)-(S)-1.1'-binaphthol,
By repeating the previous example but using 11 g (35 mmol) of (-)-(S)-3.3'-dimethyl-1.1'-binaphthol, 14.4 g of (-)-(S)
-3.3'-dimethyl-2.2'-bis(2-vinyloxyethoxy)-1.1'-binaphthyl was obtained. (yield 90
%) specific optical rotation was [α] 20 D −35.9 (C.1.0, CHCl 3 ). Polymerization 1 mmol of monomer and 2 mmol of dichloromethane were placed in a branched glass ampoule, cooled to 0°C, and then SnC 4 solution was added to carry out polymerization in the same manner as in the previous example. The molecular weight of the obtained polymer was 1.6× 104 ,
The specific optical rotation was [α] 20 D −24.4 (C.1.0, CHCl 3 ). Example 3 Monomer synthesis Instead of (-)-(S)-1.1'-binaphthol,
By repeating the previous example but using 13 g (35 mmol) of (-)-(S)-6.6'-diisopropyl-1.1'-binaphthol, 15 g of
(S)-6.6'-diisopropyl-2.2'-bis(2-
Vinyloxyethoxy)-1,1'-binaphthyl was obtained.
(Yield 83%) The specific optical rotation is [α] 20 D −48.6 (C.1.0,
CHCl 3 ). Polymerization 1 mmol of monomer and 2 mmol of dichloromethane were placed in a branched glass ampoule, cooled to 0°C, and then SnC 4 solution was added to carry out polymerization in the same manner as in the previous example. The molecular weight of the obtained polymer was 1.3× 104 ,
The specific optical rotation was [α] 20 D −35.1 (C.1.0, CHCl 3 ).

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 一般式 又は (式中、R,R′及びR″は水素又は低級アルキ
ル基、nは0又は1〜5の整数) で表される化合物を環化重合することを特徴とす
る光学活性クラウンポリマーの製造方法。
[Claims] 1. General formula or (wherein R, R' and R'' are hydrogen or lower alkyl groups, and n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 5) .
JP59160892A 1984-07-31 1984-07-31 Production of optically active crown polymer Granted JPS6140308A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59160892A JPS6140308A (en) 1984-07-31 1984-07-31 Production of optically active crown polymer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59160892A JPS6140308A (en) 1984-07-31 1984-07-31 Production of optically active crown polymer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6140308A JPS6140308A (en) 1986-02-26
JPH0441167B2 true JPH0441167B2 (en) 1992-07-07

Family

ID=15724617

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP59160892A Granted JPS6140308A (en) 1984-07-31 1984-07-31 Production of optically active crown polymer

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS6140308A (en)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6140308A (en) 1986-02-26

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