JPH0443200B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <<Industrial Application Field>> The present invention relates to a blasting method, and particularly to a blasting method in which the explosive energy of an explosive is controlled to be directed in a specific direction.

<<Prior Art>> For rock crushing work, etc., a blasting method using an explosive called dynamite is generally used.

Among these methods, the ABS (Aqua Blasting System) method uses a PVC pipe filled with water and loaded with explosives, which is inserted into the explosion hole and detonated.

This construction method uses the blasting effect caused by the incompressibility of the water that fills the interior to apply the impact force of the explosive at right angles to the pipe wall, efficiently propagating it as a cylindrical wave and preventing loss of crushing energy. At the same time, it brought about efficient crushing action with a small amount of explosives, and was attracting attention as a construction method with low noise, low vibration, and fewer flying stones.

In addition, behind this, in order to provide directionality to the explosion, a pair of curved reflectors are placed inside the pipe, and the explosion energy of the explosive is concentrated at the center of the curved reflection surface of each reflector. I am trying to take out large amounts of energy only for this purpose.

≪Problems to be solved by the invention≫ However, in this construction method, the structure of the explosive is complicated, and even if such a reflector is provided, the outer periphery of the explosive is surrounded by a wall of water, so its effectiveness is limited. There is some doubt about this, and although it is called a focal effect of a mirror surface, it only slightly increases the explosion effect in the direction of the reflector.

Other disadvantages of this construction method include the problem of foul odors and the generation of toxic gases such as chlorine due to the combustion of PVC pipes during explosions.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by making the directionality of explosion energy more pronounced than before, converting it into crushing energy efficiently only in a specific direction, and making the preparation work for blasting more efficient. The purpose is to prevent the generation of strange odors and toxic gases during explosions.

<<Means for Solving the Problems>> In order to achieve the above object, the present invention arranges partition plates on both sides of the explosive cylinder, and also provides a highly water-absorbent material in the space surrounded by the partition plate and the explosive cylinder. Using an explosive with molecules arranged therein, inserting the explosive with the water-absorbing polymer arrangement surface facing the direction in which the blasting hole is planned for fragmentation;
Next, water is supplied into the explosion hole, and the water is held in the water-absorbing polymer by the water absorption and retention action of the water-absorbing polymer, causing it to swell, thereby causing the partition plate to close to the explosive cylinder and the hole wall of the explosion hole. The enclosed space is filled with a gelled water-absorbing polymer, the opening of the explosion hole is then closed, and the explosive is then ignited via a fuse led out from the explosive cylinder. do.

≪Operation≫ The water-absorbing polymer absorbs and retains water when water is supplied, and the swelling effect causes the area surrounded by the partition plate, explosive cylinder, and hole wall to expand, making this area incompressible. . In this case, since the water-absorbing polymer retains the water it has taken in, it retains its shape without causing the water to fall due to gravity, so the position of the incompressible portion can be fixed.
On the other hand, a space is maintained between the outer side of the partition plate and the hole wall, that is, a compressible state is maintained. Therefore, the explosion energy acts largely on the incompressible space, and causes a large energy loss in the compressible space. As a result, the explosion energy is directed only to the side where the water-absorbing polymer is arranged, and the crushing force in other compressible spaces becomes small.

<<Example>> Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the explosive used in this invention;
2 to 5 are explanatory sectional views showing blasting preparation work according to the present invention.

In each figure, 1 is an explosion hole drilled in the tunnel bedrock E, and 2 is an explosive.

The explosive 2 has a pair of partition plates 4 made of coin cardboard, tin plate, etc. fixed to both sides of an explosive cylinder 3, such as dynamite, with a fuse 3a led out from one end via strings 4a. A water-absorbing polymer 5 is placed on the surface of the explosive cylinder 3 surrounded by 4.
The layers are laminated and fixed.

The water-absorbing polymer 5 is a material capable of absorbing and retaining water hundreds to thousand times its own weight, and is made of starch-based carboxy cellulose, which is made by graft polymerizing acrylic acid to starch. Synthetic polymer systems include cellulose based on graft polymerization of acrylates, vinyl acrylate alcohol copolymers, acrylic acid polymers, acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymers, and modified polyethylene oxide.

The explosive 2 is assembled at the explosion work site in the state shown in FIG. 1, and used with the water-absorbing polymer 5 layered thereon. In addition, since the water-absorbing polymer 5 is in the form of pellets or granules, the string 4a is filled in a flexible bag that can be expanded and contracted.
It is fixed on top of the explosive cylinder 3 by the screw.

Next, blasting preparation work using the explosive 2 having the above configuration will be explained.

In FIG. 2, after drilling the explosion hole 1, the explosive 2 is inserted into the innermost part of the explosion hole 1 using a pushing rod 6.
Insert. The tip of the push rod 6 is approximately U-shaped.
It is clamped and positioned deep inside the explosion hole 1 so that the layer of water-absorbing polymer 5 faces the direction in which it is intended to be crushed. In this embodiment, since the crushing direction is the vertical direction, the layers of the water-absorbing polymer 5 are located above and below the explosive cylinder 3.

Furthermore, as a result of this positioning work, as shown in cross section in FIG. upper and lower divisions), B, B' (explosive cylinder 3
and explosion holes 1 are divided into sections separated by partition plates 4) in a grid pattern.

After the insertion work is completed, as shown in FIG. 3, the push rod 6 is unclamped and pulled out from the explosion hole 1, and then as shown in FIG. A discharge pipe 8 of a pump (not shown) is supplied to the explosive 2 side, and water is injected.

By injecting water, the water-absorbing polymer 5 rapidly starts to swell while incorporating water into its molecules.

Therefore, as shown in cross section in FIG. 7, sections A and A' are filled with a gelled incompressible layer 5', and sections B and B' are compressible sections where an air layer exists. become.

Strictly speaking, the partition by the partition plate 4 is not perfect, but in this state, the gelatinized state due to the absorption of water by the water-absorbing polymer 4 is maintained in the sections A and A', so there is a state where there is some overflow. The interior of sections A and A' is then completely replaced by an incompressible layer 5', and the air is completely evacuated.

Next, as shown in FIG. 5, the hole opening is filled with filler 9 such as sand or clay, and the blasting preparation work is completed.

After the preparation work is completed, the explosive cylinder 3 is inserted through the fuse 3a.
When ignited, the rock E is crushed in a specific area around the explosion hole 1 by blasting energy corresponding to the amount of explosive in the explosive cylinder 3.

At this time, in the conventional ABS construction method, there is an incompressible layer around the entire circumference, which makes the reflector less effective, but in the present invention, the drop between the incompressible layer and the compressible layer is large. , actively utilizes energy loss.

Therefore, the energy of the explosion is transferred to the incompressible layer 5' made of the water-absorbing polymer 5 and water gel.
The waves act perpendicularly to the top and bottom of the hole wall of the blast hole 1 through the waves, and efficiently propagate as cylindrical waves. On the other hand, both sides are partitioned by partition plates 4, and the blasting energy is significantly reduced due to compression, resulting in extremely low crushing efficiency. Therefore, the crushing ability becomes more directional.

In addition, in the event of an explosion, there is no pipe, so no strange smells or toxic gases are generated.

Furthermore, since the water-absorbing polymer retains the water it has taken in, it maintains its shape without causing the water to fall due to gravity, so the opening is lower and sloped than the location where the explosive is installed. Moreover, even when the explosive is installed upward from the explosion hole, its position can be fixed regardless of the shape of the explosion hole, and stable directivity can be obtained.

<<Effects>> As explained in detail through the embodiments above, according to the blasting method of the present invention, the partition plate, the explosive cylinder and The part surrounded by the hole wall expands, making this part in an incompressible state where the position is fixed regardless of the shape of the explosion hole,
A space, ie, a compressible state, is maintained between the outer part of the partition plate and the hole wall.

Therefore, the blast energy acts largely on the incompressible space, and causes a large energy loss on the compressible space. As a result, the blasting energy is directed only to the side where the water-absorbing polymer is arranged, and the crushing force in other compressible spaces becomes small, making it possible to perform controlled blasting with higher directionality.

In addition, this construction method simplifies assembly and preparation work, as all that is needed is to modify the existing explosives at the blasting site, resulting in high efficiency.

Furthermore, there is no risk of odor or toxic gas being generated due to combustion during an explosion.

Therefore, the blasting method of this invention enables controlled crushing work with lower noise, lower vibration, and fewer flying stones than conventional methods, and is suitable for demolishing concrete buildings and crushing rock walls. Construction is useful.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the explosive used in this invention;
Figures 2 to 5 are explanatory sectional views showing the blasting preparation work according to the present invention, and Figure 6 is the - of Figure 3.
7 is a sectional view taken along the - line in FIG. 4. E... Bedrock, 1... Explosion hole, 2... Explosives, 3...
...Explosive cylinder, 3a...Fuse, 4...Partition plate, 5
...Water-absorbing polymer, 5'...Incompressible layer, 9...
...filling.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Partition plates are placed on both sides of the explosive cylinder, and using an explosive with a water-absorbing polymer placed in the space surrounded by the partition plate and the explosive cylinder, The explosive is inserted with the molecular arrangement side facing, and then water is supplied into the explosion hole, and the water is retained in the water absorbent polymer by the water uptake and retention action of the water absorbent polymer, causing it to swell and close the partition. The space surrounded by the plate, the explosive canister, and the hole wall of the blasting hole is filled with gelled water-absorbing polymer, and then the opening of the blasting hole is closed. A blasting method characterized by igniting explosives.