JPH0446709B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to a method for automating an optical copying grinder,
More specifically, when grinding irregularities including curves on the outer surface using an optical tracing grinder, the desired shape change position is actually manually placed on the same magnification of the material attached to the screen using the grindstone. Position the tip of the car or grind the material, store the coordinates of that position in the control device, and adjust the processing speed, processing order, and linear or curved interpolation between the above shape change points. The present invention relates to a method for automating an optical tracing grinder that completely automates subsequent processing by storing the information or recording it on tape.

Conventionally, contour grinding with a curved outer surface as described above is performed by dressing a full-form grinding wheel according to the drawing, or by using an optical profiling grinder. Either move the grinding wheel according to the shape on the screen, or calculate and coordinate all the shape change points in the production drawing, tape the processing order, movement speed, linear interpolation, and curved interpolation, and grind fully automatically. That's what I was doing.

Grinding using the above-mentioned full-form grinding wheel involves dressing every time the grinding wheel wears out, and since the overall unevenness is determined, the grinding wheel becomes a dedicated grinding wheel and is not versatile, and the entire surface is uniform. This is an uneconomical and unreasonable processing method to avoid wear.

The second optical profile grinding method has the advantage of being able to handle a wide range of contour changes by using diamond wheels with low wear, but it cannot use grinding oil and
It required a high degree of skill to manually control the two axes (axis and Y-axis) simultaneously and grind a perfect straight line or arc.

The grinding method that calculates the change point of the third desired contour figure by graphical calculation, adds intermediate movement conditions, tapes it, and grinds it completely automatically is ideal, but the tip point of the grinding wheel and the It is a processing method that ignores the state of the numbered parts, and requires the specialized work of programmers who are proficient in mathematics, so it is not something that anyone can do.

The present invention has been made to overcome the drawbacks of the conventional grinding methods described above, and provides a grinding method that can achieve fully automatic grinding relatively easily even without a professional programmer.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below based on the drawings.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show an optical copying grinding machine 1, which is particularly equipped with an operation panel 3 for inputting machining information into a storage device and outputting it from there. This operating panel is equipped with a frame 5 containing a storage device and an automatic control device for the grinding machine based on the storage device.

The optical copying grinding machine 1 is a conventionally known machine, and to briefly explain it, a grinding wheel head 11 that holds a grinding wheel 9 on the upper left side of a machine stand 7 supports the grinding wheel 9 so as to be rotatable around a shaft 13. The grindstone head 11
is provided so as to be movable up and down along the grindstone lifting frame 15. Column 17 that guides the rotation of the grindstone head 11
Grinding is performed by rotating the grinding wheel 9 via a belt by a driving means 19 such as an electric motor provided on the back side of the grinding wheel 9.

The column 17 has a sliding surface on its lower surface, and moves in the front-rear direction (X-axis direction) in FIG. 1 along a guide groove formed on the upper surface of the pedestal 21.

On the lower surface of the cradle 21, there is a movable base 2 that can freely move the grinding wheel 9, the grinding wheel head 11, and the column 17 in the X-axis direction.
A grinding wheel 9 is provided on the lower surface of the movable table 23.
Y-axis moving means 25 for moving the grindstone head 11 and column 17 in the left-right direction (Y-axis direction) in FIG.
is provided.

An X-axis handle 27 and a Y-axis handle 29 are provided on the front of the machine stand 7, and a grinding wheel 9 and a grinding wheel head 1 are provided.
1. The column 17 is configured to be manually movable in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. A table 31 for holding a workpiece is provided at a position facing the grinding wheel 9 on the right side of the upper surface of the machine base 7, and the table 31 moves along the X-axis along the guide surface of an X-axis moving table 33 provided on the lower surface. It is provided movably in the X-axis direction by a handle 35.

A Y-axis moving table 37 having a guide surface movable in the Y-axis direction is provided on the lower surface of the X-axis moving table 33.
By rotating a Y-axis handle 39 provided at the right end of the Y-axis moving table 37, the X-axis moving table 33 is moved in the Y-axis direction.

The Y-axis moving table 37 is movable in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction), and is driven by a Z-axis drive means 41 such as an electric motor.
It is raised and lowered by

A projector is provided above the grinding surfaces of the grinding wheel 9 and the workpiece to project the grinding surface onto a screen 43 provided above the machine stand 7. The magnification of this projection can be selected from several levels.

In addition, a control panel 45 used to control only the optical copying grinder is provided at the upper left of the front of the machine stand 7 in FIG.
7 is provided.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the operation panel 3 described above, and more specifically, the status display section 49, the storage device operation section 51, and the state of inputting information to the storage device are shown by the movement of the grinding wheel 9. and an operating section 53 of the grinding machine produced in conjunction with the grinding machine.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the method of the present invention, and one example of the method will be specifically explained with reference to the diagram.

First, an original image 55 corresponding to the magnification of the workpiece is pasted on the screen 43 of the projector. Fig. 4 shows the cases in which the original drawing 55 and the image of the workpiece are used, and the workpiece is projected along with the original drawing by taking a larger image of the shaded part on the processing surface of the original drawing 55. However, the process of creating the information is the same except that the workpiece is ground at the position where the contour line changes, so we will explain them together. Mazu,
The operation panel 3 is operated and the X-axis manual handle 27 and Y-axis manual handle 29 are manually rotated to position the tip of the grinding wheel 9 away from the front of the original image 55 on the screen. In the figure, only the tip of the grinding wheel 9 is shown in an enlarged manner, and the center of curvature of the radius of the grinding wheel tip is shown as a cross. The X-axis and Y-axis coordinate values when the tip of the grinding wheel occupies the above position are registered in the storage device as the coordinate origin.

Next, input fast forward as the movement speed,
Manually move the rounded end of the grinding wheel exclusively in the Y-axis direction to position B where it touches the extended line on the grinding wheel side of the part that extends in a straight line to the left of the original drawing, and
Register the axis and Y-axis coordinate values. In this case, since the grinding wheel 9 is actually manually moved from A to B, the coordinate values of point B are the X-axis and Y-axis coordinate values displayed on the control panel 45 of the optical copy grinding machine 1. A value obtained by adding or subtracting the coordinate value of point A (origin) is registered.

Next, input the grinding movement speed from point B to point C. Next, the tip of the grinding wheel is manually moved along an arbitrary path, and the X-axis and Y-axis coordinate values of point C are registered in alignment with point C, where the straight section switches to circular movement.

The movement from point B to point C is a straight line movement, but
No particular interpolation conditions are entered for linear movement.

By the way, in general, the calculation unit of the control device can perform various calculation functions, so the image of the grinding wheel is brought into contact with any plurality of points on the straight line part, and the straight line part is calculated based on the coordinate values of each contact position. It is also possible to find the formula.

The next movement from point C to point D is circular movement, so input the circular interpolation signal, register the X-axis and Y-axis coordinates of point D, and set the radius of curvature R ₁ of the circular interpolation (from the radius of the workpiece Calculate the dimension (reducing the radius of the tip of the grinding wheel) from the design drawing and enter it.

In this case, it is possible to bring the image of the grinding wheel into contact with three or more points on the circular arc, and to obtain the equation of the circle through arithmetic processing in the arithmetic unit based on the coordinate values at each point. It is also possible to find the point of contact between the straight line and the circle through arithmetic processing in the arithmetic unit. That is, straight lines, circular arcs, and their intersections can also be determined by arithmetic processing in the calculating section of the control device based on the coordinate values of multiple points on the straight line or circular arc.

Next, since the movement from point D to point E returns to linear movement, a signal for linear interpolation is input, and the X-axis and Y-axis coordinate values of point E are registered.

The next point F is the position where the grinding wheel is away from the workpiece, the X-axis coordinate value is the same as that of point E, and the Y-axis coordinate value is an arbitrary position as close as possible to the Y-axis coordinate value of point G, which will be described later. Register the settings and input a fast forward designation signal as the movement feed rate between point E and point F.

Register the coordinates of point G and point H, and input the grinding feed again for movement from point G to point H. Linear interpolation is sufficient from point F to point G and from point G to point H, so there is no need to specify interpolation.

A circular interpolation command is required from point H to point I. Enter the radius of curvature R ₂ (in this case, the value obtained by adding the radius of the grinding wheel tip to the radius of the workpiece) and the coordinate value of the center of the circular arc, and Also register the coordinate values of the points.

Linear interpolation is commanded between point I and point J, and the coordinates of point J are registered.

Point K, like the point F mentioned above, is a position away from the workpiece, and may be any point where the grinding wheel tip of the workpiece can move by linear interpolation without touching during the process of returning to the origin A, and the coordinates The position must be registered and a fast forward command input.

To return from point K to the origin (point A), it is sufficient to input a return command since both coordinates have already been registered.

If we take out the above-mentioned grinding program and organize it, the machining commands are recorded as follows.

(1) Position the tip of the grinding wheel at origin A.

(2) Move the tip of the grinding wheel to point B in rapid motion.

(3) Move the tip of the grinding wheel to point C using cutting feed.

(4) Move the tip of _the grinding wheel to point D by circular interpolation of R1 arc.

(5) Move the tip of the grinding wheel back to point E using linear interpolation.

(6) Move the tip of the grinding wheel rapidly to point F.

(7) Move the edge of the grindstone lane to point G.

(8) Move the tip of the grinding wheel to point H using cutting feed.

(9) Move the tip of the grinding wheel to point I using circular interpolation with a radius of curvature R ₂ .

(10) Move the tip of the grinding wheel back to point J using linear interpolation.

(11) Move the tip of the grinding wheel in rapid motion to point K.

(12) Return the tip of the grinding wheel to the origin A.

It turns out that.

In this way, all the machining information for one cycle has been memorized, so when performing the same machining, the program for the above machining cycle 1 can be called up using the program number, making it possible to perform fully automatic and accurate grinding work. Since the optical tracing mechanism is not used during actual machining, wet grinding is allowed.

As can be understood from the above description of the embodiments, the gist of the present invention consists of steps (a) to (g) as described in the claims.
Briefly, as is clear from the steps (a) to (g), the present invention applies grinding to the part of the product that is enlarged and displayed on the screen of the optical scanning grinder. Position the image of the grinding wheel to be used,
It is used to input and store coordinate values. Then, circular interpolation and linear interpolation are calculated based on the necessary interpolation signals and coordinate values of multiple locations, and stored in the storage device, and necessary data such as movement speed is input to automate the optical scanning grinder. It is a familiar thing.

That is, in the present invention, the image of the grinding wheel actually used is visually brought into contact with the part to be ground of the product displayed on the screen, and the coordinate data is input and stored in the control device. Even if wear occurs, the worn part is brought into contact with the part of the product to be ground, so there is no need to correct tool wear, and automation is extremely easy. That is, for example, in Fig. 4, if the wear shapes on the right and left sides of the image of the grinding wheel are different, the shapes will be different in the case of grinding from point B to point C and in the case of grinding from point H to point I, respectively. Different types of wear correction are required, but in the case of the present invention, the worn shape of the grinding wheel is displayed as it is as an image, and that image is brought into contact with the part of the product image that is to be ground. There is no problem even if the wear conditions of the parts are different.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but can be implemented in other embodiments by making appropriate changes.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a front view of an optical copying grinder embodying the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view of the same as above, FIG. 3 is an enlarged front view of the operation panel 4, and FIG. 4 is a programming according to the present invention. It is an explanatory diagram of a method. Explanation of symbols representing main parts in the drawings, 1...
Optical copying grinding machine, 3... Operation panel, 27... X-axis handle, 29... Y-axis handle, 43... Screen, 49... Status display section, 51... Storage device operation section, 53... Grinding machine Operation unit, 55... Enlarged original drawing.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A method for automating an optical copying grinder, characterized by including at least each of the following steps (a) to (g). (a) A process in which the shape of the part of the product to be ground is enlarged and displayed at a predetermined magnification on the screen of an optical tracing grinder. (b) Position the image of the grinding wheel of the optical copying grinder at a position away from the part of the product to be ground that is displayed on the screen, and input the coordinate values of this position into the storage device of the control device as the origin position. process. (c) Bring the image of the grinding wheel into contact with multiple locations on each of the linear and arcuate portions of the part to be ground of the product displayed on the screen, and input the coordinate values of each contact position into the storage device of the control device. The process of doing. (d) A process of inputting the coordinate values of the grinding wheel at an arbitrary position away from the part of the product to be ground into the storage device of the control device. (e) To set the movement path of the grinding wheel based on the coordinate values input in the steps (b), (c), and (d) above,
A process of calculating and obtaining linear interpolation or circular interpolation based on the coordinate values of the plurality of contact positions and necessary interpolation signals and inputting the obtained results to a storage device. (f) The process of determining the moving speed of the grinding wheel during the grinding process of the part of the product to be ground displayed on the screen and the process of moving the grinding wheel to a position away from the part of the product to be ground. (g) An optical tracing grinder that grinds the product into the same shape as the part of the product to be ground displayed on the screen according to the predetermined grinding wheel moving process, grinding process, and grinding wheel moving speed. The process of automatically controlling