JPH0452731B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation method suitable for cultivating melons, tomatoes, cucumbers, watermelons, high-grade vegetables, etc., and a container used therefor.

[Conventional technology]

Recently, due to the liberalization of agricultural products, the reorganization of rice fields, and measures against reduction, there is a tendency for vegetable production to be over-produced, and competition among producing regions is intensifying. Many vegetables are grown by heating the inside of the frame with petroleum or the like in order to speed up shipping, regardless of whether it is in the winter or in cold regions.

In addition, after the war, with the advent of plastic films such as polyvinyl chloride, greenhouse cultivation rapidly increased, and greenhouses became larger and there was a tendency for them to become fixed.
It is known that continuous cropping in soil inside a greenhouse can cause soil diseases and accumulation of salts due to fertilization, leading to a decline in yield.

Avoidance of the soil diseases mentioned above, correction of unreasonable fertilizer application,
As a technique to cope with the lack of management labor, hydroponic cultivation, or hydroponic cultivation, using a medium such as rock wool or sand in place of soil and a culture solution has been put into practical use.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

In order to overcome the above-mentioned competition between vegetable producing regions, it is necessary to produce and sell high quality vegetables.

On the one hand, there is a long-awaited development of low-cost vegetable cultivation methods and cultivation tools that utilize other alternative energy sources without relying on oil.

In addition, hydroponic cultivation has a narrow range of adaptability for suitable culture solution composition and concentration, and requires strict techniques. Constant monitoring is required, and automation of culture medium management and facilities for controlling environmental conditions such as water, room temperature, oxygen, and carbon gas content are required. Therefore, there is a risk of over-investment.

Specifically, problems with conventional hydroponic cultivation include the following points.

(a) Equipment costs are high.

(b) Involves electrical or mechanical failure.

(c) To maintain the prescribed culture medium composition and concentration,
Requires culture solution measurement and analysis technology, management of the amount of culture solution to add fertilizer and water, culture solution monitoring technology to prevent breakdowns due to automation, culture solution temperature management to maintain the culture solution at a temperature suitable for cultivation, etc. The cultivation techniques are difficult.

(d) The flow of the culture solution tends to change or stop due to root growth.

(e) Troublesome disposal of used pine and cubes such as rock wool is required.

(f) Normally, there are two or three productions, but for profitability reasons, it is necessary to improve the turnover rate of this bed.

(g) Whether it is hydroponic cultivation using an equal volume exchange method of culture solution or hydroponic cultivation using a circulation method, the roots of many crops are cultured by immersing them in a fixed culture solution, making it easy for diseases to occur. Measures to prevent the spread of disease are required.

(h) Culture solution can be supplied by dripping, dripping, or circulating methods, but countermeasures against fertilizer loss are required to reduce the loss of fertilizer used.

(i) Replanting, root damage, and early growth promotion measures are required.

(j) Measures are required to prevent the formation of capillary roots in growing seedlings.

As described above, hydroponic cultivation has many problems.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel hydroponic cultivation method that can replace hydroponic cultivation.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a container for use in a hydroponic cultivation method.

[Means for solving problems]

In order to achieve the objective of the hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention, seedlings that have germinated in a culture medium are potted together with the culture medium in a seedling pot, and a culture solution is sprayed on the seedlings until the seedlings have several true leaves. The seedling pot in which the seedlings have been planted is used together with a perforated inner container that has many holes and which guides the roots extending from the seedling pot downward. The seedlings are placed in a perforated outer container in which the roots are grown, and then the combined container in which the seedlings are planted is transferred to a mulch seedling bed that has been supplied with a culture medium of appropriate composition, concentration, and appropriate amount for secondary culture.
Next, the combined containers are transferred to a multi-Honda bed to which a culture solution of appropriate composition, concentration, and amount is supplied in advance, and tertiary culture is carried out until harvest.

In addition, in order to achieve this purpose, the combination container used for hydroponic cultivation of the present invention includes a seedling raising pot, a flange-shaped pot mounting part with a large number of holes on the entire surface, and a cylindrical part that houses the culture medium. It has a perforated inner container, many holes on the entire surface, and a support mounting part on the outside.
It is characterized by having a corrugated cylindrical part to which a root prevention sheet and a hygroscopic sheet are attached in layers along the inside, and a perforated outer container in which a seedling-growing pot and a perforated inner container are installed above and below, respectively.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the features of the present invention will be specifically explained using examples.

Combination container 1 used for hydroponic cultivation of the present invention
As shown in exploded view in FIG. 1, it consists of a seedling growing pot 2, a perforated inner container 3, and a perforated outer container 4. The seedling pot 2 is made of plastic and has a number of holes 5a in its lower part. The holes 5a are provided so that the roots of the seedlings potted in the seedling growing pot 2 can easily grow out of the seedling growing pot 2 and take root.
It also serves as an outlet for the culture solution.

In addition, the seedling pot 2 may be made of a nonwoven fabric based on plastic fibers, other organic fibers, etc., or a hygroscopic woven fabric made of a hygroscopic organic material such as pulp material.

However, for the growth of roots, it is suitable for these seedling raising pots 2 to use a material having enough strength that the holes 5a and the pores of the nonwoven fabric and the hygroscopic woven fabric do not impede root growth.

The perforated inner container 3 is made of plastic, and consists of a flange-shaped pot mounting part 6 and a cylindrical part 7 containing a culture medium 8, and is provided with a large number of holes 5b on the entire surface.

The perforated inner container 3 supports the seedling raising pot 2 with the flange-shaped pot mounting part 6, and guides the roots extending through the hole 5a of the seedling raising pot 2 to the cylindrical part 7 containing the culture medium 8.
It is then led into the perforated outer container 4 through the hole 5b.

The holes 5b allow the roots from the seedling pot 2 to pass through, and also serve as ventilation holes and passages for the culture solution.

As the culture medium 8 of the cylindrical part 7, a material such as polyurethane foam is used that allows the seedlings to easily grow roots and easily retains the culture solution.

The perforated outer container 4 is made of plastic, and the corrugated cylindrical portion 9 is formed in a corrugated shape to provide strength, and a large number of holes 5c are provided on the entire surface. On the outside of the corrugated cylindrical portion 9, there is provided a small tubular support mounting portion 12 to which a support is attached. The perforated outer container 4 fully develops the roots extending from the perforated inner container 3 through the holes 5b with the culture solution supplied from the holes 5c, and finishes the seedlings 15 into fine crops.
5 (see Figure 3).
The hole 5c also serves as a ventilation hole and a passage for the culture solution.

A root prevention sheet 10 and a moisture absorption sheet 11 are attached to the inside of the corrugated cylindrical portion 9 in a layered manner. The root prevention sheet 10 has holes 5 in which the roots of the seedlings are located above the corrugated cylindrical portion 9.
It is a sheet to prevent the roots from growing out from the root and to guide the roots downward, and is not attached to the lower part of the corrugated cylindrical part 9. Appropriate materials for the root prevention sheet 10 include a fine mesh mesh made of plastic such as polyvinyl chloride and polyvinylidene chloride, and a foamed polystyrene sheet.

Further, inside the corrugated cylindrical portion 9, a root mat, that is, a hygroscopic sheet 11 is housed in a cylindrical shape in contact with the root prevention sheet 10. The hygroscopic sheet 11 is a porous sheet with air permeability, and is a sheet that helps the inspiratory roots and capillary roots to grow. For example, polyurethane foam is a preferred material.

As the plastic material used for the combination container 1, in addition to polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, etc., foamed plastics such as expanded polystyrene can be used.

As shown in FIG. 2, the combination container 1 has a perforated outer container 4, a seedling growing pot 2, and a perforated inner container 3 assembled vertically. As shown in FIG. 3 showing a process of cultivation, in the combination container 1, after raising the seedlings 15 together with the culture medium 14 in the seedling pot 2, the support 18 is erected in the support attachment part 12 to remove moisture. Used for cultivation.

Next, the hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention is shown in Figures 4 to 8.
This will be explained using figures.

As shown in Fig. 4, a seeding box 13 containing a culture medium 14
Seedlings are sown and germinated, and seedlings 15 are grown by sprinkling water with a watering funnel 16, etc. The seedlings 15 are potted together with a culture medium 14 in a seedling pot 2 as shown in FIG. Then, the seedling pots 2 are placed together in a house, etc., and the culture solution is sprayed with a watering funnel 16, etc., and the primary culture is carried out until the number of true leaves reaches 4 to 5 and roots begin to grow from the holes 5a of the seedling pots 2. do.

As shown in FIG. 6, these seedling-raising pots 2 are seedling-raising pots 2 in which seedlings 15 are planted on a flange-shaped pot placement part 6 in which a perforated inner container 3 is assembled in advance into a perforated outer container 4.
, the combination container 1 is assembled, and the seedlings 15 are placed. In the figure, 17 is a root extending out from the hole 5a of the seedling pot 2, and 18 is a support attached to the support attachment part 12.

The combination container 1 in which the seedlings 15 have been planted is transferred to a multi-seedling bed 19 prepared as shown in FIG. 7 for secondary culture. The mulch seedling raising bed 19 is supplied with culture solution of appropriate composition, concentration and appropriate amount in advance, and the seedlings 15
This is a seedling raising bed in which the upper part of the container is exposed and the combination container 1 is covered with mulch 20 from above. Then, as shown in Figure 7, 3/3 of combination container 1
4 is in the bed, and the seedlings are planted at appropriate intervals at a depth such that 1/4 is exposed from the bed, that is, the seedling pot 2 is exposed.

Combine container 1 with 1/4 multi-seedling bed 1
The reason for this is that since it is covered with mulch 20, the humidity of the exposed part of combination container 1 is maintained at approximately 100%, and the medium 14 in seedling pot 2 is also exposed to the culture medium from mulch seedling bed 19 by capillary action. This is because there is a satisfactory supply of If the combination container 1 is planted so as to be substantially flush with the mulch seedling growing bed 19, excessive humidity will result, which is not appropriate.

The seedling raising period in the multi-seedling raising bed 19 is a period including planting with 4 to 5 true leaves and, for example, in the case of fruit vegetables such as tomatoes and cucumbers, mating and fruit set. During this period, the culture solution is supplied to the moisture absorption sheet 11 in the combination container 1 through the hole 5c of the perforated outer container 4, the culture solution is supplied to the culture medium 8 through the hole 5b of the perforated inner container 3, and the culture solution is supplied to the culture medium 8 through the hole 5b of the perforated inner container 3. and elongate roots 17 including capillary roots. In this process, it passes through the growth stages shown in FIG. 3 and grows as shown in FIG. During this period, the cells are cultured only in the previously supplied culture medium. Further, the stems and branches of the growing seedlings 15 are attracted to the support 18 according to their growth.

Next, as shown in FIG. 8, the seedlings 15 after fruiting are transferred to the multi-Honda bed 21 with the combination container 1 still assembled, and cultured until harvest. The mulch Honda bed 21 is a bed in which a culture solution of appropriate composition, concentration, and amount is supplied in advance, and the combination container 1 is covered with the mulch 22 except for the area above the seedlings 15. For the same reason as the mulch seedling raising bed 19, 3/4 of the combination container 1 is inside the bed and 1/4 is exposed from the bed, and the plants are planted at intervals appropriate for the growth of the crops. and,
Cultivation is carried out using only the previously supplied culture solution until covering with mulch 22 and harvesting is completed.

Multi-seedling bed 19 and multi-Honda bed 21
The culture solution used for the NPK ratio can be the same depending on the type of fruits and vegetables to be cultivated, and in the multi-Honda bed 21, the PK ratio can be increased to N.

Although the hydroponic cultivation method has been described above, it is also suitable for submerged cultivation and humid root cultivation because the cultivation solution is not circulated.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the hydroponic cultivation of the present invention and the combination container used therein, the combination container is a set of a seedling raising pot, a perforated inner container in which the seedling raising pot is placed, and a perforated outer container in which both are placed. As a result, a cultivation method has been developed in which seedlings that have been primary cultured in a seedling nursery are directly cultured in a combination container and then cultured in a multi-seedling nursery bed or a multi-Honda bed, which are supplied with the appropriate culture medium, for secondary culture and tertiary culture up to harvest. Can be adopted. Since the culture solution is supplied to each bed in advance, there is no need to manage the underground part, and only the above-ground part is required. Since the culture solution is not circulated, the spread of diseases is small and disease control is easy. For both secondary culture and tertiary culture, an appropriate amount of fertilizer is applied in advance and the culture is carried out until almost all the fertilizer is consumed, so there is little loss of fertilizer and it is possible to save a lot of money compared to conventional methods. In addition, the fixed value at the culture stage is easy to carry out because it is carried out in the combined container, and the roots are less damaged and the initial growth is vigorous. In addition, a root-prevention sheet is attached to the perforated outer container, so roots are less likely to protrude. Since direct cross-bearing can be carried out in the seedling raising bed, the cultivation period in the multi-Honda bed is shortened, and the rotation rate can be increased to 5 to 6 crops per year, leading to increased yields and increased yield. Furthermore, in the present invention, soil temperature is utilized due to multi-cultivation, but when cultivating fruits and vegetables that require heating such as during extremely cold seasons, a small greenhouse is sufficient as the bed for raising seedlings, so it is possible to save costs. In addition, since it is equipped with a post attachment part, it is easy to set up the post, and it is also easy to carry out work to attract branches, etc.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is an exploded and partially cutaway perspective view of the combination container used for hydroponic cultivation of the present invention;
The figure is a partially cutaway perspective view of the assembled state, FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the state in which seedlings are being raised in a container, and FIGS. 4 to 8 are explanations showing the cultivation stages of the hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention. It is a diagram. 1: combination container, 2: seedling pot, 3: inner container with holes, 4: outer container with holes, 5a, 5b, 5c: holes,
6: Flange-shaped pot placement part, 7: Cylindrical part, 8: Culture medium, 9: Wave-shaped cylindrical part, 10: Root prevention sheet, 11:
Hygroscopic sheet, 12: Strut attachment part, 13: Seeding box, 14: Culture medium, 15: Seedling, 16: Watering can, 1
7: Root, 18: Support, 19: Multi-seedling bed,
20: Multi, 21: Multi Honda Vets, 22:
Multi.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Seedlings germinated in a culture medium are potted together with the culture medium in a seedling pot, and a culture solution is sprayed on the seedlings for primary culture until they bear several true leaves, and then the seedlings are planted. A perforated inner container that has many holes and guides the roots extending from the seedling raising pot downwards, and a perforated outer container that has many holes and allows the roots that have grown out from the perforated inner container to grow. The combined container containing seedlings is then transferred to a mulch seedling-raising bed to which an appropriate composition, concentration, and appropriate amount of culture solution has been supplied in advance for secondary culture. A hydroponic cultivation method characterized by transferring to a multi-Honda bed supplied with a culture solution of appropriate composition, concentration, and amount, and performing tertiary culture until harvest. 2. A seedling raising pot, a perforated inner container consisting of a cylindrical part that has a flange-shaped pot placement part and a culture medium, which has a large number of holes on the entire surface, and a cylindrical part that contains a flange-shaped pot placement part and a culture medium, and a support mounting part on the outside. It is characterized by having a corrugated cylindrical part with a root prevention sheet and a hygroscopic sheet attached in layers along the inside thereof, and a perforated outer container in which a seedling raising pot and a perforated inner container are installed above and below, respectively. A combination container used for hydroponic cultivation.