JPH0455287B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] Industrial Application Field The present invention relates to a camera with a built-in strobe, and in particular, when the built-in strobe is determined to have low brightness as a result of brightness measurement during the shutter release operation, the built-in strobe automatically emits light. This invention relates to a type of camera with a built-in strobe that can be moved into an operating position.

Conventional configurations and their problems Conventionally, cameras with built-in strobes have built-in strobe devices, and the light-emitting part of this built-in strobe device can be moved between a storage position and a light-emitting operation position. Various types have been put into practical use. The built-in strobe device of the camera with a built-in strobe, as described above, operates the circuit for the light emission operation, that is, accumulates the energy necessary for the light emission operation, by moving the light emitting unit from the storage position to the light emission operation position. Most are configured to start.

Furthermore, in recent years, devices have been proposed or put into practical use that automatically move the light emitting section of a built-in flash device in correspondence with the brightness of the subject.

That is, during the operation of the shutter release button, the brightness of the subject is measured in the so-called mid-press state, and if the brightness is low, the light emitting part of the built-in strobe device is automatically moved from the storage position to the light emitting operation position, and the above-mentioned light emission operation is performed. Cameras have been put into practical use that have the function of starting circuit operations for this purpose.

However, in the case of a camera with a built-in strobe as described above, when operating the shutter button with the light emitting unit retracted, it may be troublesome to have to consciously interrupt the operation once in the middle.

In other words, if you operate the shutter button all the way to the end without interrupting the operation, no problem will occur if the subject brightness is high, but if the subject brightness is low, the light emitting part will have to be moved to the light emitting operation position. However, if you operate the shutter all at once as described above, even though the shooting operation must be performed after the flash preparation has been completed, there will be an inconvenience in that the shutter operation will be performed before the flash preparation has been completed. This means that it can be considered.

In other words, as is well known, a strobe device requires a light emission preparation period known as the time to complete charging of the main capacitor before it can perform a light emission operation.
Therefore, as mentioned above, in the case of a camera with a built-in strobe, where operations such as charging the main capacitor start for the first time at the flash operation position, and where the flash unit automatically moves according to the brightness of the subject when the shutter button is pressed mid-press, the flash Due to the above function, if the shutter button is operated, the shutter operation will be performed even though the main capacitor is not fully charged, resulting in inappropriate shooting. That's why.

In order to solve this problem, if the brightness is judged to be low when the shutter button is pressed halfway, the light emitting part can be moved and at the same time the shutter button can no longer be operated when the shutter button is pressed halfway. It is sufficient to operate the mechanism according to the brightness, and there are actually cameras with a built-in strobe that are equipped with the above-mentioned shutter lock mechanism together with an automatic light emitting unit movement structure and have been put to practical use.

However, in the camera that has been put into practical use, although both the movement of the light emitting unit and the shutter lock operation are performed at the same time as in low brightness, two driving sources are used for each operation. Different types of electromagnetic magnets are used.

That is, the movement of the light emitting part is normally performed by a mechanical urging member that moves the light emitting part to the light emitting operation position, and by the magnetic force of a permanent magnet that opposes the urging force of this urging member. The movement of the light emitting part is locked, and when the brightness of the subject becomes low, magnetic force is generated by electromagnetic force to cancel the magnetic force of the permanent magnet, and the light emitting part is moved by the biasing force of the biasing member. A so-called separation type electromagnetic magnet is used for the shutter lock operation, and the shutter lock operation is performed by moving the control member that controls the operation of the shutter button in a predetermined direction by the urging force of a predetermined urging member, thereby locking the shutter connected to the shutter button. The shutter release member is configured to lock the movement of the shutter release member, and when the brightness is high, the electromagnet is energized, and the control member is attracted to the electromagnet against the urging force, and its movement is stopped, thereby locking the shutter release member. An attraction type electromagnetic magnet is used so that the shutter release member can be operated by disabling it.

In other words, in the conventional device, the above two control members are They use different types of electromagnets.

For this reason, the structure inevitably becomes complicated, and problems arise in terms of the storage space for the electromagnet and the cost of the electromagnet itself, resulting in an increase in size or cost.

Purpose of the Invention The present invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the conventional device, and by using a single attracting type electromagnetic magnet, automatic drive operation of the light emitting part and shutter lock according to the brightness of the subject are achieved. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a camera with a built-in strobe that can be operated.

Composition of the Invention The camera with a built-in strobe according to the present invention has an electromagnetic magnet body and a light emitting part of a built-in strobe device which is always urged to move to a light emitting operation position while in contact with or attracted to the main body, and the light emitting part of the built-in strobe device is moved to a storage position. an attraction-type electromagnetic magnet consisting of a movable piece that forms a locking state; and a movable piece that comes into contact with the movable piece and biases the movable piece so that it always comes into contact with the main body, and the magnet is attached to the electromagnetic magnet main body. a control lever that is connected to the movable piece by a mechanical force that is weaker than the suction force of the movable piece due to energization; and a shutter release lever that performs a shutter operation by moving in conjunction with the operation of the shutter button; A control pin that comes into contact with the control lever to release the biasing of the movable piece by the control lever and the electromagnetic magnet main body start operating before the control pin comes into contact with the control lever. control means for controlling according to the output of the photometry means for measuring the brightness of the subject and the position of the light emitting section; As the movable piece moves away from the electromagnetic magnet main body, the movable piece moves to a position where it comes into contact with the shutter release lever, and locks the movement of the shutter release lever, thereby causing the shutter release lever to close. and a locking member that prevents movement for performing the operation.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of essential parts of a camera with a built-in strobe according to the invention.

In the figure, 1 is a shutter base plate having a shutter blade 2, an exposure aperture 3, sliding grooves 4 and 5, and projections 6 and 7;
11 is a shutter release lever that is connected to a shutter button (not shown) and is attached to the shutter base plate 1 by fixing a pin 10 to the shutter base plate 1 through a sliding groove 9;
2 is shown, and the light emitting unit holding lever is attached to the shutter base plate 1 by holding the pin 14 and fixing the pin 14 to the shutter base plate 1 through the sliding groove 13. Reference numeral 15 is fixed to the protrusion 7 of the shutter base plate 1 with a screw 16, and when combined with a movable piece 17 having an adsorption piece 19 which is similarly attached to the shutter base plate 1 with a pin 18, a suction type electromagnetic The body of the electromagnetic magnet forming the magnet is shown.

Reference numeral 20 indicates a control lever that is attached to the pin 10 by an E-ring 21 and biased in a predetermined direction by springs 22 and 23. The shutter release lever 8 comes into contact with a control pin 27 fixed to the release lever 8.
It has a recess 25 that is pressed by the operation.

Reference numeral 28 denotes a locking member that is attached to the shutter base plate 1 by a pin 29 and biased in a predetermined direction by a spring 30. This locking member 28 releases the shutter by coming into contact with the end 32 of the shutter release lever 8. Locking end portion 3 that locks the tallelise lever 8
1.

Reference numeral 33 designates a spring provided between the protrusion 6 of the shutter base plate 1 and the protrusion 34 of the light emitting section holding lever 11, and always biasing the light emitting section holding lever 11 to the light emitting operation position.

35 is an electric switch which is fixed to the shutter base plate 1 with screws 36 and whose state is changed by being pushed by a protrusion 41 of the holding lever as the light emitting part holding lever 11 moves; 37 has one end attached to the light emitting part holding lever; It is fixed to the lever 11, and the other end is made to protrude through the sliding groove 5 of the light emitting unit holding lever 11, and is locked by the E ring 39, so that the end 38 is movable in a steady state. The control pin is shown abutting the protrusion 40 of the piece 17.

Reference numeral 42 indicates that when the shutter release lever 8 is moved in the direction of arrow A by operating a shutter button (not shown), the control pin 27
This is a so-called intermediate push switch that is turned on by a protrusion 43 provided on the shutter release lever 8 before the recess 25 of the control lever 20 comes into contact with the shutter release lever 8, and is fixed to the shutter base plate 1 by an appropriate method. be.

The springs indicated by 22, 23, and 30 in the figure are located between the pin 18 and the protrusion 44 of the control lever 20, and between the protrusion 46 of the movable piece 17 and the control lever 20.
between the protrusions 45 of the locking member 28 and the protrusions 46 of the movable piece 17.
0 in the direction of arrow B centering on the pin 10, and the locking member 28 in the direction of arrow C centering around the pin 29 need not be explained in detail.

Therefore, the end 24 of the control lever 20 is connected to the movable piece 1
The movable piece 17 is always urged to come into contact with the electromagnetic magnet main body 15 by contacting the protrusion 26 of the locking member 28, and the end 48 of the locking member 28 is in contact with the side end 49 of the movable piece 17. The above movable piece 1 comes into contact with
This will form a linkage relationship that operates in conjunction with 7.

Hereinafter, the operation of the main parts of the camera with a built-in strobe according to the present invention having the above-described configuration will be explained using a plan view and an electric circuit diagram.

FIG. 2 shows a front view of a combination of the main parts shown in FIG. 1, and corresponds to the steady state of the camera with a built-in strobe according to the present invention, that is, when the camera is not in use.

As is clear from FIG. 2, since the camera is not in use, the shutter release lever 8 is maintained at the illustrated position with a self-returning behavior by a spring or the like (not shown).

The movable piece 17 is similar to the control lever 20 described above because its end 26 is in contact with the end 24 of the control lever 20 which is urged clockwise by the spring 22 around the pin 10 in the drawing. pin 18
It is kept in a stable state where it is always biased in a clockwise direction around , that is, it is always biased so as to be in contact with the electromagnetic magnet main body 15. In addition, the control lever 2
0 and the locking member 28 are urged by the spring 23 and the spring 30 around the pin 10 and the pin 29, respectively, so as to approach the movable piece 17.

Furthermore, the light emitting unit holding lever 11 is held by a spring 3.
3, the end 38 of the control pin 37, which is fixed to the light emitting unit holding lever 11 and projected through the sliding groove 5, is biased toward the left in the drawing by In the state shown in FIG. 2, the movable piece 17 is in a stable state and is in contact with the projection 40 of the movable piece 17, so that it does not move, that is, it is locked at the position shown in the figure against the biasing force of the spring 33.

At this time, the electric switch 35 as well as the strobe device will be in the illustrated state in which they cannot be operated.

On the other hand, FIG. 3 shows an example of an electric circuit corresponding to the steady state of the camera with a built-in strobe according to the present invention as shown in FIG. 2.

In the figure, the same numbers as in Figures 1 and 2 indicate the same functional members, 50 is a phototransistor which is a light receiving element for receiving light from the subject and measuring the subject brightness, 51 and 52 are respectively Transistors which are switch elements that operate in an inverse relationship; 53 is a light emitting display element; 54 is a switch element which is connected in series with the electromagnetic magnet body 15 and controls energy supply; 55, 56, 57, 5;
8, 59, and 60 indicate resistances, respectively.

61 is a power supply, 62 is an oscillation transformer 63,
A well-known DC-DC converter circuit 65 that includes an oscillation transistor 64 and the like and boosts the voltage of a power supply 61
are trigger capacitor 66, trigger transformer 67
69 is a main capacitor.

It goes without saying that the portion X in the figure, which includes the DC-DC converter circuit 62, trigger circuit 65, etc., is an electric circuit portion of the built-in strobe device.

Now, when the shutter button is operated to take a picture using the camera from the steady state shown in FIG. 2, the shutter release lever 8 is moved downward in FIG. 2, that is, in the direction of arrow A. I'm going to go.

As the shutter release lever 8 moves in the direction of arrow A, as is clear from FIG.
The middle press switch 42 is brought into the ON state. As is clear from the electrical circuit diagram in FIG. 3, the middle press switch 42 is provided between the power source 61 and the brightness measuring section consisting of the phototransistor 50, etc. When the power source 61 is turned on by operation, the power source 61 is supplied to the phototransistor 50 and the like, and at this point, the brightness of the object is measured.

When the subject brightness is measured as described above, if the subject brightness is high, a large amount of photocurrent flows through the phototransistor 50 in FIG. 3, which causes the transistor 51 to become conductive. .

When the transistor 51 becomes conductive, the base and emitter of the transistor 52 are short-circuited, so the transistor 52 is made non-conductive.As a result, the base of the transistor 54 is connected to the power supply 61, the middle press switch 42, and the resistor. A base current is supplied through the transistor 59, etc., and the transistor 54 is rendered conductive.

A middle press switch 42 is applied from a power source 61 to the electromagnetic magnet main body 15 where the transistor 54 becomes conductive.
Current will flow through.

As described above, this electromagnetic magnet main body 15 forms an attraction type electromagnetic magnet together with the movable piece 17, so when it is energized as described above, it attracts the movable piece 17 via the attraction member 19. .

Therefore, the shutter release lever 8 is further moved in the direction of the arrow A, and the control pin 27 comes into contact with the recess 25 of the control lever 20, causing the control lever 20 to move against the biasing force of the springs 22 and 23 and release the pin. Even if the movable piece 17 is rotated in the direction of arrow D around the movable piece 10, the movable piece 17 will maintain the state shown in FIG. Since it is attracted and does not move, it is maintained in the state shown in Fig. 2.

In other words, when the subject brightness is high, the second
The movable piece 17 in the figure can be regarded as one fixed member that maintains its state.

By the way, the fact that the movable piece 17 is maintained in the state shown in FIG.
Naturally, the light emitting unit holding lever 11 is used in the state shown in FIG. It will remain in an impossible state.

FIG. 4 is a front view corresponding to FIG. 2 showing such a state, with the springs 22, 23, 30, and 33 omitted.

As is clear from FIG. 4, as explained above, the movable piece 17 is attracted to the electromagnetic magnet main body 15, so that the end portion 40 of the movable piece 17 is attached to the control pin 3.
The light emitting part holding lever 11 is maintained in the state shown in FIG. 2 by maintaining the state of contact with the end 38 of the light emitting part 7, and the control member 28 is also maintained in the state shown in FIG. It is being

Furthermore, when the control lever 20 is moved in the direction of arrow A by an amount determined by the groove 9 of the shutter release lever 8, the concave portion 25 comes into contact with the control pin 27 of the lever 8 and is pressed. It is rotated in the direction of arrow D against the urging forces of 22 and 23.

On the other hand, a case where the subject brightness is low when measuring the subject brightness described above will be described below.

In this case, since the brightness of the subject is low, the photocurrent flowing through the phototransistor is small, and therefore the transistor 51 cannot be made conductive.

When the transistor 51 becomes non-conductive, the energy of the power supply 61 is applied to the middle press switch 42 and the resistor 5.
Since the voltage is supplied to the base of the transistor 52 through the transistor 6, the transistor 52 becomes conductive.

When the transistor 52 becomes conductive, the power supply 6
1, a current flows through the light-emitting display element 53, the resistor 57, and this transistor 52, so the light-emitting display element 53 lights up to notify that the brightness is low. At the same time, the current flowing from the power source 61 through the resistor 58 into the base of the transistor 54 is diverted, so the transistor 54 is maintained in a non-conductive state.

When the transistor 54 is in a non-conducting state, the electromagnetic magnet main body 15 is not energized, and therefore, unlike the previous case, the movable piece 17 is not attracted to the electromagnetic magnet main body 15 and the control lever 20
It is in a state where it is biased by the spring 22 via.

In the above state, when the shutter release lever 8 is further moved in the direction of the arrow A, the control pin 27 of the lever 8 comes into contact with the recess 25 of the control lever 20, as described above. , this control lever 20 rotates about the pin 10 in the direction of arrow D.

When the control lever 20 rotates in the direction of arrow D, the movable piece 17 is not attracted to the electromagnetic magnet main body 15 in this case, so it rotates in the same direction around the pin 18 due to the biasing force of the spring 23.

When the movable piece 17 rotates in the direction of arrow D, the protrusion 40 that was in contact with the end 38 of the control pin 37 in the state shown in FIG. 2 also moves, so that the end 38
As a result, the light emitting section holding lever 11 is moved in the direction of arrow E by the biasing force of the spring 33.
When the light emitting section holding lever 11 moves in the direction of the arrow E, the light emitting section 12 is positioned at the light emitting operation position, and the power source 6 in the electric circuit shown in FIG.
The state of the switch 35 provided between the switch 1 and the DC-DC converter circuit 62 is changed and turned on.

When the switch 35 is turned on, the power supply 61 is
- As is well known, the main capacitor 69 etc. are charged, and the shutter operation is performed with the charging completion indicator light 70 lit. When a synchro switch that is not
As a result of the operation of the trigger circuit 65, a flash discharge tube 68 is generated by consuming the charge stored in the main capacitor 69.

When the switch 35 is turned on, current from the power supply 61 flows through the resistor 60 even if the transistor 52 is conductive at low brightness, and this current is shunted between the resistor 59 and the base and emitter of the transistor 54. It will flow.

At this time, the shutter release lever 8 is of course being operated, and the middle press switch 42 is of course in the on state.
4 will be rendered conductive.

When the transistor 54 becomes conductive, the electromagnetic magnet main body 15 starts to be energized, and the magnet main body 15 generates an electromagnetic force to attract the movable piece 17. By the operation of 8, the above main body 1
Since the movable piece 17 is located with a considerable spatial distance from the movable piece 17, it does not have enough energy to attract or move the movable piece 17.

That is, the movable piece 17 is maintained at the same position when the light emitting section holding lever 11 moves in the above-mentioned intermediately pressed state and the switch 35 is turned on.

Further, the rotational movement of the movable piece 17 in the direction of arrow D is performed by pressing the end 48 of the locking member 28 with its side end 49 at the same time that the built-in strobe device including the light emitting part 12 is activated as described above. It turns out.

Therefore, the locking member 28 moves the pin 2 simultaneously in the same direction, that is, in the direction of arrow D, in conjunction with the rotation of the movable piece 17.
It will rotate around 9. When the locking member 28 rotates in the direction of arrow D around the pin 29, the end 31 of the locking member 28 and the end 32 of the shutter release lever 8, which were previously in a positional relationship where they could not come into contact as described above, are brought into contact with each other. When the relationship changes to a state where they can make contact and the shutter release lever 8 is further moved, the end 31 of the locking member 28 will come into contact with the end 32 of the shutter release lever 8.

When the end 31 of the locking member 28 and the end 32 of the shutter release lever 8 come into contact, it goes without saying that the shutter release lever 8 can no longer move in the direction of arrow A. In such a state, no shutter operation is performed, and a so-called shutter lock state is obtained.

This state is shown in FIG. 5 in a front view corresponding to FIG. 2.

As is clear from FIG. 5, the movable piece 17 is not attracted to the electromagnet main body 15 and is moved in the direction of arrow D from the state shown in FIG. 2 by the rotation of the control lever 20, and the control member 28 are pressed in the same direction, so that the end 32 of the shutter release lever 8 touches the end 31 of the control member 28.
The shutter is in contact with the shutter so that it cannot move in the direction of arrow A to perform the shutter operation.

Further, the light emitting unit holding lever 11 is moved in the direction of arrow E from the state shown in FIG. The state of the switch 35 is being changed.

In such a state, once the operation of the shutter button is released because photography cannot be performed, the shutter release lever 8 is returned to the direction opposite to the direction of arrow A by a biasing member (not shown), and as a result,
The movable piece 17, control lever 20, and locking member 28, which were rotating in the direction of arrow D, also move in the opposite direction to the direction of arrow D.

That is, each of the above-mentioned members returns to the state shown in FIG.

However, in the case described above, only the light emitting section holding lever 11 is maintained in the state shown in FIG. 5, and therefore the switch 35 is maintained in the switched state.

Therefore, after charging of the main capacitor 69, etc. is completed with the shutter release lever 8 etc. returned to its original position, and the built-in strobe device is ready for operation, the shutter button (not shown) is operated again to take a picture. In this case, the shutter release lever 8 moves in the direction of arrow A, and the electromagnetic magnet body 15 moves with the middle press switch 42 turned on.
As mentioned above, even if the subject brightness is low, electromagnetic force is generated by turning on the switch 35.

On the other hand, the movable piece 17 is the shutter release lever 8.
Since the electromagnetic magnet body 15 is brought into contact with the electromagnetic magnet body 15 by returning to its original state, the generation of the electromagnetic force described above causes the electromagnetic magnet body 15 to
As explained in conjunction with FIG. 4, it can be regarded as one fixed member.

As a result, the state after the above is similar to that described with reference to FIG. 4, and the shutter operation is performed in the state shown in the plan view of FIG. 6.

That is, the movable piece 17 is attracted to the electromagnetic magnet main body 15, and the locking member 28 is maintained in a position where the movement of the shutter release lever 8 cannot be locked, so that only the control lever 20 can be used to operate the shutter release lever 8. I was forced to move, and of course,
Unlike the previous figure 4, the light emitting unit holding lever 11 is moved in the direction of the arrow E, and it goes without saying that the photographing operation performed by the shutter operation is accompanied by the light emission of the built-in strobe device. .

Furthermore, when photographing is completed in the state shown in FIG. 6, the movement of the light emitting unit to the storage position,
That is, movement in the direction opposite to the arrow E is basically performed by applying a force in the opposite direction to the arrow E from the outside against the biasing force of the spring 33 to the light emitting unit holding lever 11 via the light emitting unit 12 by hand or the like. This will be done by supplying.

Also, at this time, the shape of the protrusion 40 of the movable piece 17 causes the end 38 of the control pin 37 to receive an external force in the direction opposite to the direction of the arrow E, which is supplied via the end 38.
Since it has a predetermined angle so as to work downward in the drawing, for example, in addition to the biasing force of the spring 33, the movable piece 17 is attracted to the electromagnetic magnet main body 15 by an attractive force. There is no problem even if the control pin 37 and the protrusion 40 are in contact with each other.

Effects of the Invention As described above, the present invention provides a control lever that mechanically biases the movable piece of an attraction type electromagnet so that it always comes into contact with the electromagnetic magnet body, and a shutter operation in which the biasing by this control lever is performed. A control structure that operates to release the shutter button in conjunction with the operation of the shutter button, and a control structure that operates to release electricity in conjunction with the operation of the shutter button, and energization of the main body of the attraction type magnet, the brightness of the subject measured when the release member is operated, and the light emission of the built-in strobe device that is moved. and a circuit configuration that operates in conjunction with the movement of the movable piece to and away from the main body, and locks the operation of the shutter button when the movable piece separates from the main body. and a locking member,
A single attracting type electromagnetic magnet can automatically move the light emitting section to the operating position at low brightness and drive the shutter clock at the time of movement, making it simple and compact with a low cost structure. It has the effect of providing a camera with a built-in strobe, and has extremely high practical value.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of essential parts of an embodiment of a camera with a built-in strobe according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view combining the exploded perspective view of FIG. 1, and FIG. The electrical circuit diagrams of the embodiment, FIGS. 4 to 6, respectively show front views for explaining the operating states of the main parts shown in FIG. 1. 8... Shutter release lever, 11... Light emitting part holding lever, 12... Light emitting part, 15... Electromagnetic magnet body, 17... Movable piece, 20... Control lever, 28... Locking member, 22, 23,30,3
3... Spring, 42... Middle push switch, 5
0...Phototransistor, 51, 52, 54...
...Transistor, 68...Flash discharge tube.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A camera with a built-in strobe in which a light emitting unit of a built-in strobe automatically moves from a storage position to a light emitting operation position according to subject brightness, a first biasing member that always urges the light emitting unit to a light emitting operation position; an electromagnetic magnet main body; and the light emitting part is always urged to be in contact with the main body and is attracted to the main body by energizing the main body, and the light emitting part is housed in the state in which it is in contact with or attracted to the main body. an attraction-type electromagnetic magnet comprising a movable piece that locks in position; a control lever that comes into contact with the movable piece and biases the movable piece so that it always comes into contact with the main body; and the control lever. a second biasing member that constantly biases the movable piece so that it comes into contact with the movable piece; and a mechanical biasing member that is provided between the movable piece and the control lever and that is weaker than the attraction force generated by energizing the electromagnet body. a third biasing member connected by elastic force; a shutter release lever that performs a shutter operation by moving in conjunction with the operation of the shutter button; a control pin that comes into contact with the control lever to release the biasing of the movable piece by the control lever; a photometer that starts operating before the control pin comes into contact with the control lever and measures the brightness of the subject; a first control means for controlling the energization operation of the electromagnetic magnet main body in accordance with the output of the photometry means; a second control means for energizing the electromagnetic magnet body without any electric current flowing through the electromagnetic magnet body; a locking member that moves to a position where it comes into contact with the shutter release lever in conjunction with the separation, and locks movement of the shutter release lever to prevent movement of the shutter release lever to perform a shutter operation; A camera with a built-in strobe.