JPH0459277B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(Field of Industrial Application) This invention is directed to the blasting treatment of cedar and cypress bark, etc. for the purpose of obtaining special fertilizers or soil improvement materials by blasting and fermenting the bark, etc. of cedar and cypress. This article relates to a method and a processed product. (Conventional technology) Conventionally, in order to treat long fiber bark such as cedar and cypress,
A method of crushing using a cylindrical rotating drum and a cutter has been proposed (Japanese Patent Publication No. 8283/1983). (Problems to be Solved by the Invention) According to the conventional method, although long fibers can be pulverized, it is not only impossible to remove the lignin contained therein, but also difficult to solubilize hemicellulose. It is. Therefore, even if microorganisms or enzymes are applied to the pulverized product, it is difficult to ferment and decompose it, and even if it is decomposed, it takes a very long time (for example, 3 years or more). (Means for Solving the Problems) However, in the present invention, hemicellulose and lignin are converted into acetyl groups of hemicellulose by blasting the bark of cedar or cypress or the woody parts attached to the bark alone or in a mixture under high pressure and high temperature saturated steam. Due to the catalytic action of acetic acid produced from Fermentation (within a few months) became easy. That is, this invention places cedar/cypress bark or woody parts attached to the bark alone or in a mixture in a closed container,
The first step is explosion at a high temperature of 224℃ to 250℃ and high pressure saturated steam of 25Kg/cm ² to 40Kg/cm ² (gauge pressure). This is a method for blasting cedar, cypress bark, etc., which is characterized by combining the second step of adding an enzyme and fermentation. In addition, the microorganisms are filamentous fungi and actinomycetes, the enzyme is cellulase, and the nitrogen compounds are ammonia sulfate,
It contains lime nitrogen and urea. In another invention, the bark of cedar or cypress or a woody part attached to the bark is placed alone or in a mixture in a closed container,
The first step is explosion at a high temperature of 224℃ to 250℃ and high pressure saturated steam of 25Kg/cm ² to 40Kg/cm ² (gauge pressure), and the addition of shochu waste liquid to the material obtained in the first step. This is a method for blasting cedar, cypress bark, etc., which is characterized by combining the second step of fermentation. Still another invention is to blast the bark of cedar or cypress, or the woody part attached to the bark, singly or in a mixture, at a high temperature of 224°C to 250°C and a high pressure of 25 kg/cm ² to 40 kg/cm ² (gauge pressure). This is a blasted product of cedar, cypress bark, etc., which is characterized by being fermented with microorganisms or enzymes. The bark of cedar and cypress mentioned above includes the bark of cedar and cypress, lower branches with bark attached, waste wood with bark attached during lumbering, etc. When the blasting pressure in the above is lower than 25Kg/ ^cm2 , the fiber crushing force due to sequential blasting decreases, and it becomes 20Kg/cm2.
If it is less than cm ² , it becomes difficult for microorganisms to act and the purpose cannot be achieved. Furthermore, since the effect remains unchanged even if the weight is made larger than 40Kg/cm ² , the above range was set. Temperature is determined by pressure. The bark etc. treated according to the present invention can also be used as a special fertilizer or soil improvement material by mixing with soil as is. As mentioned above, during fermentation, substances containing nitrogen compounds, microorganisms, or enzymes (for example, shochu waste liquid, chicken manure, molasses, rice bran, leaf mold, etc.) may be added, or enzyme agents may be added. It is desirable to select additives depending on whether they are fertilizers or soil conditioners. As mentioned above, according to this invention, industrial wastes (cedar and cypress bark, etc., shochu waste liquid), which had been difficult to dispose of, can be processed and made into useful materials, making a high contribution to industry. It's technology. (Function) According to this invention, since the bark of cedar and cypress is blasted under high temperature and high pressure, it is possible to solubilize or decompose insoluble substances contained in the bark or substances that interfere with the propagation of microorganisms. can. By adding microorganisms or enzymes to the blasted material, it can be easily fermented, reduce plant growth inhibiting substances, and convert into useful substances such as fertilizers. (Example 1) Put 15 kg of cedar bark into an explosion device and set the gauge pressure to 25.
Kg/cm ² and saturated steam at a boiling temperature of about 220°C for 10 minutes. Through this blasting process, approximately 20% (dry weight) is decomposed into steam (volatile components), leaving 12 kg (approximately 80%) of the treated material. In this treated product, the bark not only becomes fibrous and softened like cotton, but also the lignin and cellulose undergo self-hydrolysis and become solubilized. Add 50 kg of dried chicken manure to 50 kg of the above-mentioned treated material (50% moisture).
Kg (per 20% dry matter), add a small amount of urea to adjust the carbon ratio (C/N ratio) to 20, add 20 kg of water (to make the moisture 60%), stir evenly, and add a small amount of urea to the fermentation tank ( 200), fermentation started.
The fermentation temperature gradually rose, reaching a maximum of 62°C on the seventh day. After that, we conducted a germination test with Komatsuna and wheat using soil mixed with 0.25 to 1.5% of the processed product obtained by fermentation for 90 days, and no inhibition was observed, and growth was better than in the comparison plot. Therefore, it was recognized as suitable as a soil improvement material. (Example 2) Put 15 kg of cedar bark into an explosion device and set the gauge pressure to 35.
Kg/cm ² and saturated steam at a boiling temperature of about 240°C for 10 minutes. Through this blasting process, 4.5Kg (approximately 30%
weight) is decomposed into the steam side, remaining 10.5Kg (70%)
A processed product was created. In this treated product, not only did the bark become fibrous and softened like cotton, but also the lignin and cellulose were self-hydrolyzed and solubilized. 50 kg of the above-mentioned processed material (50% moisture) and 5 kg of dried chicken manure
(per 20% dry matter) and further add a small amount of urea,
The carbon ratio (C/N ratio) was adjusted to 20, 20 kg of water was added, the mixture was stirred uniformly, and the mixture was allowed to stand in the fermenter (200), and fermentation started. The fermentation temperature gradually rose to 70°C on the 14th day. After that, we conducted a germination test in the same manner as in Example 1 using the processed product obtained by cutting back as appropriate and fermenting for 90 days, and it was found that there was no inhibition, good growth, and that it was suitable as a soil improvement material. . (Example 3) Put 15 kg of cypress bark into an explosion device and set the gauge pressure to 35.
Kg/cm ² and saturated steam at a boiling temperature of about 240°C for 5 minutes. Through the blasting process, 4.2Kg (approx. 28% dry weight) was decomposed into steam, yielding 10.8Kg (72%) of processed material. In this treated product, the bark not only becomes fibrous and softened like cotton, but also the lignin and cellulose undergo self-hydrolysis and become solubilized. Add 31 kg of shochu waste liquid (91% moisture) and 5.6 kg of dried chicken manure to 40 kg of the above treated material (30% moisture), add a small amount of urea, adjust the C/N ratio to 20, and add water to this. Add 15 kg of
), fermentation started. The fermentation temperature gradually increased and reached a maximum of 71°C on the third day. Thereafter, the mixture was fermented for 90 days by turning the mixture as appropriate to obtain 90 kg of the treated product. As in Example 1, when 0.25 to 1.5% of the product was mixed in soil and a germination test was conducted, no inhibition was observed and good growth results were obtained. (Example 4) 15 kg of shredded lower branches (with bark) of cedar are placed in an explosion device and treated with saturated steam at a gauge pressure of 35 kg/cm ² and a steaming temperature of about 240° C. for 5 minutes. 3 due to blasting treatment
Kg was evaporated and 12Kg of processed material was created. In this treated product, not only the wood part and the bark have become fibrous and softened like cotton, but also the lignin and cellulose have undergone self-hydrolysis and become solubilized. This processed material 40
Kg (50% moisture), add 7 kg of humus (70% moisture) and 4 kg of dried chicken manure, add a small amount of urea, and add C/
The N ratio was adjusted to 20, 14 kg of water was added, the mixture was stirred uniformly, and the mixture was allowed to stand still in the fermentation tank (200), and fermentation started. The fermentation temperature gradually rose, reaching a maximum of 70°C on the third day. Thereafter, the mixture was fermented for 90 days with appropriate turning. When the treated product was subjected to a germination test in the same manner as in Example 1, no inhibition was observed and a good germination state was observed. The explosion loss results in this case are shown in Table 1.

[Table] (Comparative Test) A comparative test was conducted as follows between the conventionally known blasting treatment for woody parts, etc. and the blasting treatment of the present invention, and the differences between them were clarified. Test samples Cedar and cypress bark were blasted under the following conditions. 2Kg/cm ² for 15 minutes 14Kg/cm ² for 5 minutes 6Kg/cm ² for 15 minutes 25Kg/cm ² for 10 minutes 10Kg/cm ² for 5 minutes 35Kg/cm ² for 10 minutes Test items Amount of hot water extracted Water-soluble phenols Germination test Particle size distribution Sedimentation test Degradability test in soil Test method Amount of hot water extracted Add 100 ml of distilled water to 5 g of each sample,
After hot water extraction at ℃ for 4 hours, centrifugation was performed at 120 rpm for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was further dried and filtered.
50 ml of this filtrate was placed in an evaporating dish, water was evaporated in a water bath at 100°C, and the mixture was further dried in a dryer at 105°C for 24 hours and its weight was measured. Water-soluble phenols 20 ml of distilled water was added to 2 g of an air-dried sample, allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 hours, centrifuged and dry-filtered, and the filtrate was used as a test solution. 5 ml of the test solution was placed in a 50 ml volumetric flask, 5 ml of phenol reagent and 15 ml of 20% sodium carbonate solution were added to bring the volume to 50 ml, and the mixture was heated at 35° C. for 20 minutes to develop color. Measurement of phenols is at 520nm.
The absorbance of the sample was measured using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-160A), and the concentration of total water-soluble phenols in the sample solution was determined using phenol as a standard substance. Germination test Add 100ml of distilled water to 5g of each sample,
Hot water extraction was carried out at ℃ for 4 hours. Place two pieces of filter paper in a 90mm inner diameter shear dish, add 5ml of the above warm water extract,
Ten Komatsuna seeds were grown there at room temperature for 7 days. Particle size distribution The bark treated with each pressure was dried to 5.0 mm, 2.5 mm,
Sieve through mm, 1.0mm, 0.5mm, 0.25mm sieves,
The weight of bark retained on each sieve was measured. Deposition test Cedar bark 6Kg/cm ² −10min, 25Kg/cm ² −
For 10 min, 35 Kg/cm ² -10 min, chicken manure, urea, and water were added to the treated and untreated bark to adjust the CN ratio to 20 and moisture to 50%, and then deposited, and changes in product temperature were measured over time. . Principle of degradability test in soil The final decomposition product of organic matter in soil under aerobic culture conditions is thought to be CO ₂ gas. Generally, the generation of CO ₂ gas from soil is due to the action of microorganisms in the soil. Therefore, the test bark is mixed with soil and the moisture and temperature are adjusted to allow the bark to decompose. The CO ₂ gas generated at this time is absorbed by an alkaline absorbent (sodium hydroxide). The alkali absorbent is taken out over time, the remaining alkali is titrated with acid, and the amount of carbon dioxide gas is calculated from the difference from the blank test value. Test method: 3 g of sample was mixed with 100 g of air-dried soil, and after adjusting the water content to 50% of the maximum water capacity, the mixture was filled into a plastic container. A beaker containing 25 ml of 0.2N NaOH was suspended in the container to absorb the generated CO ₂ gas. The plastic container was placed in a thermostat at 30°C. At a fixed time every day, the beaker containing 0.2N NaOH was removed and replaced with a new one. 3 ml of 3N BaCl ₂ was added to the taken out beaker and titrated with 0.2N HCl using phenolphthalene as an indicator. (Note) The untreated bark, 2 kg/cm ² and 6 kg/cm ² treated bark were small pieces with a length of 3 to 4 cm, and since it was difficult to mix them with soil as they were, they were cut into pieces of about 5 mm. Results and Ideas Amount of hot water poured out and water-soluble phenols The results are shown in Table 2. The amount of hydrothermal extracts from the bark of both cedar and cypress increased with blasting treatment. The degree of increase was proportional to the pressure. Water-soluble phenols also increased due to the blasting treatment. Water-soluble phenols inhibit plant growth, so if the blasted material is applied directly to the field, it will cause growth inhibition. The amount of hot water extracted and the concentration of water-soluble phenols in the above are shown in Table 2.

【table】

[Table] Materials deposited over a period of days.
Germination test The germination test results are shown in Table 3. The germination rate was 100% in each plot, but compared to the control (H ₂ O),
Growth underground was poor. The degree of growth inhibition increased almost in proportion to the pressure. This is correlated with the concentration of water-soluble phenols. For this reason, it is dangerous to apply explosive materials directly to cultivated land. The germination test results in the above are shown in Table 3.

[Table]
Particle Size Distribution After blasting, the particle size was measured and the results are shown in Table 4. For cedar, at treatment pressures from 2Kg/cm ² to 14Kg/cm ² , 38.5% to 45.9% of cedars are 5 mm or more.
There was no change compared to 40.2%, and each particle size of 5 mm or less was at the same level as unexploded, so no effect of treatment was observed. On the other hand, 25Kg/cm ² , 35
In the Kg/ ^cm2 treatment, particles of 5 mm or larger decreased significantly to 2.8% and 0.3%, and the proportion of particles smaller than 0.25 mm decreased to 31.8% and 58.0%.
%, and the bark was pulverized by the treatment. Similar to cedar, the particle size distribution of cypress was almost the same as that of unexploded at treatment pressures from 2Kg/cm ² to 14Kg/cm ² , but with 25Kg/cm ² and 35Kg/cm ² treatments, the particle size distribution was increased. From the above, in order to destroy the cell structure of cedar and cypress bark by blasting, it is necessary to use a gauge pressure of 25
A pressure of about Kg/ ^cm2 is required.

[Table] Deposition test Changes in product temperature during the deposition period are shown in Figures 1 and 2.
The temperature of untreated bark did not rise much, reaching a maximum of 32°C. In the 6Kg/cm ² treatment, the temperature rose to 45°C on the 10th day, but the product temperature also decreased quickly. On the other hand, high temperature treatment is 55℃ for 25Kg/cm ² treatment and 70℃ for 35Kg/cm ² treatment.
The temperature was raised to ℃. The initial temperature rise even in untreated bark is thought to be due to heat generated by additives (chicken manure, etc.). The reason why the temperature is raised at regular intervals over time is to allow air to enter and ferment. Degradability test in soil The decomposition rate of carbon in the applied bark is shown in Figure 3. The amount of CO ₂ generated was subtracted from the soil to which bark had not been applied as a background, and the CO ₂ was converted into C, which was expressed as the decomposition rate of the C in the applied bark. Decomposition of untreated bark was slow, reaching 4% in 20 days, but little decomposition was observed after that. Although the 2Kg/cm ² treatment resulted in a slightly faster decomposition rate, it was only 0.5% more decomposed than the untreated material over 30 days. For this, 25Kg/
cm ² and 35Kg/cm ² treatments have a fast decomposition rate, and the decomposition rates on the 30th day were 8.83% and 8.42%.
Kg/ ^cm2 treatment was greatly exceeded. The C decomposition rate (%) for 30 days is shown in Table 5.

[Table] (Effects of the Invention) According to the present invention, the bark of cedar and cypress, or the woody parts attached to the bark, alone or as a mixture, is blasted under high-temperature, high-pressure saturated steam. It decomposes hemicellulose and other substances to make them soluble and forms a cotton-like substance. Therefore, rapid propagation of microorganisms, enzymes, etc. is possible, and harmful substances can be easily processed to disappear, making it suitable as a fertilizer or soil improvement material. According to the present invention, it is possible to process the bark of cedar and cypress, lower branches, and waste wood with bark attached to it during sawing, which could not be easily processed in the past, and convert it into useful materials in a relatively short period of time.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a graph showing changes in product temperature during the cedar blasting treatment period in a comparative test. Figure 2 is a graph showing changes in product temperature during the cypress blasting treatment period. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the change in decomposition rate (%) over time.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Cedar/cypress bark or woody parts attached to the bark, alone or in a mixture, are placed in a sealed container and heated to a high temperature of 224°C to 250°C and 25Kg/cm ² to 40Kg/cm ² (gauge pressure). Cedar/cypress bark characterized by combining the first step of blasting under high-pressure saturated steam, and the second step of adding microorganisms, nitrogen compounds, or enzymes to the treated product obtained in the first step and fermenting it. etc. blasting treatment methods. 2. The method for blasting cedar, cypress bark, etc. according to claim 1, wherein the microorganism is filamentous fungi or actinomycetes, the enzyme is cellulase, and the nitrogen compound is ammonia sulfate, lime nitrogen, or urea. 3 Place the bark of cedar or cypress, or the woody parts with the bark attached, alone or in a mixture in a sealed container, and place it at a high temperature of 224°C to 250°C and under saturated steam at a high pressure of 25 kg/cm ² to 40 kg/cm ² (gauge pressure). A method for blasting cedar, cypress bark, etc., characterized in that it combines a first step of blasting the bark with a method of blasting, and a second step of adding shochu waste liquid to the product obtained in the first step and fermenting it. 4 High temperature of 224℃ to 250℃ of cedar/cypress bark or woody parts attached to bark, alone or in combination, and 25Kg/cm ² to 40
A blasted product of cedar, cypress bark, etc., which is obtained by fermenting the blasted product under high pressure of Kg/cm ² (gauge pressure) with microorganisms or enzymes.