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JPH0465319B2 - - Google Patents
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JPH0465319B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0465319B2
JPH0465319B2 JP59034660A JP3466084A JPH0465319B2 JP H0465319 B2 JPH0465319 B2 JP H0465319B2 JP 59034660 A JP59034660 A JP 59034660A JP 3466084 A JP3466084 A JP 3466084A JP H0465319 B2 JPH0465319 B2 JP H0465319B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
fibers
bulletproof
present
denier
fiber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP59034660A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS60178296A (en
Inventor
Hiroshige Sugyama
Shosuke Nanri
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyobo Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Toyobo Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyobo Co Ltd filed Critical Toyobo Co Ltd
Priority to JP59034660A priority Critical patent/JPS60178296A/en
Publication of JPS60178296A publication Critical patent/JPS60178296A/en
Publication of JPH0465319B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0465319B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は横断面が偏平で高強力、高弾性率を有
する合成繊維を用いた、弾丸などの飛行物から人
体などを保護するための防弾用品に関する。 近年、防弾チヨツキやヘルメツト、ヘリコプタ
ーの保護用品として全芳香族ポリアミド繊維を用
いることが検討されている。全芳香族ポリアミド
繊維を用いることの特徴は、金属より軽く、従来
のナイロン6やナイロン66などの繊維に比較して
小量の繊維使用量で同等もしくはそれ以上の防弾
効果が期待できるため、被保護体の荷重負担を軽
減できることにある。 全芳香族ポリアミド繊維が優れた防弾性を示す
理由は未だ不明であるが、耐熱性の高さとも強
力、弾性率の高さとも言われている。 一方、ポリエチレンやポリプロピレンの様に融
点の低い高分子量物からなる繊維であつても、分
子量が高く強力値、弾性率値があるレベル以上で
さえあれば、有効な防弾性能を発揮することも明
らかとされている。しかしながらこれらの金属よ
り軽い高強力、高弾性率繊維においては、被保護
体の荷重の負担の軽減の観点からは、未だ充分で
あるとは言い難い。 本発明者等は、これら従来の高強力、高弾性率
合成繊維を飛行物のエネルギー吸収体として用い
た防弾用品の防弾性を更に改良するべく鋭意検討
した結果、用いる合成繊維として、あるレベル以
上の強力と弾性率を有する他に、繊維の横断面が
偏平であるものを用いる事により、飛躍的に防弾
性が改良されることを見出し、本発明に到達し
た。 即ち、本発明は、重量平均分子量が5×105
上、引張強度が20g/デニール以上、引張弾性率
が500g/デニール以上を有する横断面偏平化率
が2.5以上のポリエチレン繊維を、飛行物のエネ
ルギー吸収材として用いたことを特徴とする防弾
用品である。 超高分子量の、極めて高い強力のポリエチレン
繊維は、融点が比較的低いにもかかわらず、よい
防弾性能をもつことが知られている。ところがい
かなる理由でそうなるのか、いまだ解明するに至
つてはいないが、驚くべきことには、繊維の横断
面形状が円形より偏平である方が防弾性能が向上
することが判つた。このことは本発明の最も新規
な点であり、本発明は、この点に基礎を置くもの
であり、従来の防弾用品より優れた防弾性能を有
する防弾用品の提供を目的とするものである。 従来の全芳香族ポリアミド繊維、ポリエチレン
繊維、ポリプロピレン繊維等を用いた防弾用品よ
りも優れた防弾性能を有する防弾用品を目的とす
るには、飛行物のエネルギ吸収材に用いる合成繊
維として、少なくとも20g/デニール、好ましく
は30g/デニール以上、特に40g/デニール以上
の引張強度と少なくとも500g/デニール、好ま
しくは800g/デニール以上、特に1000g/デニ
ール以上の引張弾性率を満たす性能が要求され、
かつ、繊維の横断面偏平化率が1.7以上、好まし
くは2.5以上、特に5以上を満たすことが必要で
ある。ここで引張強度が20g/デニール未満また
は引張弾性率が500g/デニール未満の場合にあ
つては防弾性能が極度に低下するので好ましくな
く、さらに、繊維の横断面偏平化率が1.7未満の
場合にあつては防弾性能が円形断面のものと大差
がなくなり、従来の防弾用品に比較して、防弾性
能の優れた防弾用品が得られなくなる。 本発明の言う繊維の横断面偏平化率とは繊維軸
に直角な横断面において長軸長さ(amm)と短軸
の長さ(bmm)を測定し、偏平化率はa/bで示
す値である。 本発明の防弾用品は、前記により特定する特性
を満たす合成繊維の集合体構造物からなり、該合
成繊維は発射体のエネルギーを吸収するために十
分な厚さの繊維集合体構造に形成されている弾道
抵抗性物品を包含する。本発明は繊維集合体構造
物が織布または編布または不織布または団結され
た繊維の集合体構造物であるか、あるいは複合構
造物または積層構造物であり、このような物品を
包含する。 本発明に用いる合成繊維は単独で使用すること
もできるし、他の繊維と混繊、交編織、或いは他
の繊維で被覆することもできる。又、布を不飽和
ポリエステルやエポキン樹脂などの熱硬化性樹脂
で被覆・接着したものを使用することも可能であ
る。一般に、被覆・接着された繊維を含有する本
発明の防弾用品は、弾道抵抗性がほとんど完全に
繊維に帰因し、弾道抵抗に関してはコーテイング
材料の影響は極めて少ないものと考えられる。 本発明の防弾用品に用いる合成繊維は、前記す
る構成要件を満足するものであれば、例えば高分
子量のポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオ
レフイン、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリ(フツ
化)ビニリデン等を紡糸して得られる繊維等いず
れでもよいが、特に重量平均分子量が5×105
上の高分子量ポリエチレンの場合は、価格面およ
び製糸の容易さの面で最も有利である。 本発明の防弾用品に用いる合成繊維は通常織
物、編物や不織布の形で使用される。布は必要に
応じ定長又は弛緩状態で熱処理する事が出来る。
ヤーンデニール、フアイバーデニールとも特に限
定はされないが、好適なヤーンデニールは100〜
1000デニール、好適なフアイバー単糸デニールは
1〜10デニールである。 次に本発明の防弾用品の製造方法について簡単
に説明する。本発明の防弾用品の飛行物エネルギ
ー吸収材として用いる合成繊維は、特願昭58−
152261号、同154622号及び同161044号等に記載の
方法で得られる繊維、例えば可撓性高分子鎖を有
する高分子量のポリエチレン(例えば重量平均分
子量が1×105以上、好ましくは1×106以上の超
高分子量ポリエチレン)でデカリン、キシレンあ
るいはパラフイン等の溶媒に溶媒の沸点以下で完
全に溶解後、紡糸装置内でポリエチレン溶液が固
化しない温度で、室温の大気中、または水中ある
いは冷却装置付の中空管中に押出す。押出して得
られた糸は、内部に溶媒を含有しているが、含有
した溶媒を抽出して乾燥することなくその状態で
糸が溶けない程度に加熱し、全延伸倍率が10倍以
上、好ましくは20倍以上になるように1段または
多段で延伸することによつて得られたポリエチレ
ン繊維を、通常の方法で織布または編布または不
編布または団結された繊維の集合体構造物である
か、あるいは複合構造物または積層構造物とし、
飛行物のエネルギーを吸収するために十分な厚さ
に形成して、必要によつてはコーテイングや接着
をすることにより容易に得ることができる。ここ
で、繊維の横断面を偏平化する手段としては、溶
剤を所定量含んだ未延伸又は半延伸状のゲル繊維
を適当な温度で最大延伸倍率の70%以上の倍率で
延伸することが最も容易であるが、矩形のノズル
オリフイスからポリマー溶液を押し出す方法もあ
る。 以上のようにして得られる本発明の防弾用品
は、従来の防弾用品に比べて、軽量でありながら
飛行物のエネルギー吸収性能が優れるので、被保
護体への荷重負担が軽減されるという利点を有し
ている。 本発明の評価に用いた物性の測定方法は以下に
よる。 〈繊維の引張強度、引張弾性率の測定法〉 JIS−L1013(1981)に規定の方法による。 以下本発明を実施例により詳述するが、本発明
はもとより、これらの実施例に限定されるもので
はない。 実施例 1 重量平均分子量が1×106乃至1.8×106の可撓
性高分子鎖を有する超高分子量ポリエチレンをデ
カリンに溶解して紡糸原液となした後、該紡糸原
液を紡糸装置内でポリエチレン溶液が固化しない
温度で紡糸口金から室温の大気中に押し出して冷
却しゲル状繊維を形成する。このデカリンを含有
するゲル状繊維を含有したデカリンを抽出して乾
燥することなく、該ゲル状繊維が溶断しない温度
で温度と延伸倍率を種々変えて延伸し、第1表の
実験No.1〜7に示す特性を有するマルチフイラメ
ントを得た。これらそれぞれのマルチフイラメン
トより、第1表に示すそれぞれの目付の平織物を
作成した。比較のために、第1表には、第1表の
実験No.8および実験No.9に示す繊維特性を有する
市販のナイロン6マルチフイラメントおよび全芳
香族ポリアミドフイラメント(Kevlar49(ケブラ
ー49);Dupont社製)とこれらそれぞれのフイラ
メントより作成した平織物の目付特性を併記し
た。 つぎに前記の如くして得られたそれぞれの織物
について織物の表面にエポキン樹脂を薄く塗布し
たものを4枚重ね、110℃で3時間プレスしたも
のを防弾性能の評価試料とした。防弾性能の評価
は、22口径の銃から1.2gの重さの弾丸を上記サ
ンプルに対し3mの距離から直角に発射し、サン
プル前後の弾丸の速度差より、各サンプルに吸収
された運動エネルギーを算出する事により行なつ
た。測定回数は2回とし、値は2回の実験の平均
値とした。弾丸の初速度は334m/秒であつた。
弾丸の速度はルミラインスクリーンを用いること
により測定した。 各試料の防弾性能の評価結果(吸収エネルギー
(J:ジユール)及び織物目付当りの吸収エネル
ギーの値(J/Kg/m2))を第1表に示す。
The present invention relates to a bulletproof article for protecting the human body from flying objects such as bullets, using synthetic fibers having a flat cross section, high strength, and high elastic modulus. In recent years, the use of wholly aromatic polyamide fibers as protective equipment for bulletproof treadmills, helmets, and helicopters has been considered. The advantage of using fully aromatic polyamide fiber is that it is lighter than metal and can be expected to have the same or better bulletproof effect with a smaller amount of fiber than conventional fibers such as nylon 6 and nylon 66. The purpose is to reduce the load on the protector. The reason why fully aromatic polyamide fibers exhibit excellent ballistic resistance is still unknown, but it is said that they have high heat resistance, strength, and high elastic modulus. On the other hand, it is clear that even fibers made of high molecular weight materials with low melting points, such as polyethylene and polypropylene, can exhibit effective bulletproof performance as long as they have a high molecular weight, strength value, and elastic modulus above a certain level. It is said that However, high-strength, high-modulus fibers that are lighter than these metals are still not sufficient in terms of reducing the load on the protected object. The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to further improve the bulletproof properties of bulletproof products using these conventional high-strength, high-modulus synthetic fibers as energy absorbers for flying vehicles. In addition to the strength and modulus of elasticity, it was discovered that by using fibers with a flat cross section, the ballistic resistance was dramatically improved, and the present invention was achieved based on this finding. That is, the present invention uses polyethylene fibers having a weight average molecular weight of 5 x 10 5 or more, a tensile strength of 20 g/denier or more, a tensile modulus of 500 g/denier or more, and a cross-sectional flattening ratio of 2.5 or more for use in aircraft. This bulletproof product is characterized by its use as an energy absorbing material. Ultrahigh molecular weight, extremely high strength polyethylene fibers are known to have good ballistic performance despite their relatively low melting points. However, the reason for this has not yet been elucidated, but surprisingly, it has been found that bulletproof performance is improved when the cross-sectional shape of the fibers is flat rather than circular. This is the most novel aspect of the present invention, and the present invention is based on this point and aims to provide a bulletproof article that has better ballistic performance than conventional bulletproof articles. In order to create bulletproof products with better bulletproof performance than conventional bulletproof products using fully aromatic polyamide fibers, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, etc., at least 20 g of synthetic fibers used in energy absorbing materials for aircraft must be used. /denier, preferably 30 g/denier or more, especially 40 g/denier or more, and a tensile modulus of at least 500 g/denier, preferably 800 g/denier or more, especially 1000 g/denier or more,
In addition, it is necessary that the cross-sectional flattening ratio of the fibers satisfies 1.7 or more, preferably 2.5 or more, particularly 5 or more. If the tensile strength is less than 20 g/denier or the tensile modulus is less than 500 g/denier, this is undesirable because the ballistic performance will be extremely reduced.Furthermore, if the cross-sectional flattening ratio of the fiber is less than 1.7, In the end, there will be no significant difference in bulletproof performance from those with a circular cross section, and it will no longer be possible to obtain bulletproof products with superior bulletproof performance compared to conventional bulletproof products. In the present invention, the cross-sectional flattening ratio of a fiber is measured by measuring the major axis length (amm) and the short axis length (bmm) in a cross section perpendicular to the fiber axis, and the flattening ratio is expressed as a/b. It is a value. The bulletproof article of the present invention is composed of a synthetic fiber aggregate structure that satisfies the characteristics specified above, and the synthetic fibers are formed into a fiber aggregate structure with a thickness sufficient to absorb the energy of a projectile. ballistic resistant articles. The present invention includes articles in which the fiber aggregate structure is a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a non-woven fabric, a consolidated fiber aggregate structure, a composite structure, or a laminated structure. The synthetic fibers used in the present invention can be used alone, mixed with other fibers, mixed or knitted, or covered with other fibers. It is also possible to use cloth coated and bonded with a thermosetting resin such as unsaturated polyester or Epoquine resin. Generally, in the ballistic article of the present invention containing coated and bonded fibers, the ballistic resistance is almost completely attributable to the fibers, and it is considered that the coating material has very little influence on ballistic resistance. The synthetic fiber used in the bulletproof article of the present invention can be obtained by spinning polyolefin such as high molecular weight polyethylene or polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinylidene fluoride), etc., as long as it satisfies the above-mentioned structural requirements. Any type of fiber may be used, but high molecular weight polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight of 5×10 5 or more is particularly advantageous in terms of cost and ease of spinning. The synthetic fibers used in the bulletproof article of the present invention are usually used in the form of woven, knitted or non-woven fabrics. The fabric can be heat treated in a fixed length or relaxed state as required.
There are no particular limitations on yarn denier or fiber denier, but suitable yarn denier is 100~
1000 denier, the preferred single fiber denier is 1-10 denier. Next, a method for manufacturing a bulletproof article according to the present invention will be briefly explained. The synthetic fiber used as the flying object energy absorbing material of the bulletproof article of the present invention is
Fibers obtained by the methods described in Nos. 152261, 154622, and 161044, such as high molecular weight polyethylene having flexible polymer chains (e.g., weight average molecular weight of 1 x 10 5 or more, preferably 1 x 10 After completely dissolving ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene ( 6 or higher) in a solvent such as decalin, xylene, or paraffin at a temperature below the boiling point of the solvent, it is dissolved in the air at room temperature, in water, or in a cooling device at a temperature that does not solidify the polyethylene solution in the spinning device. extrude into a hollow tube. The thread obtained by extrusion contains a solvent inside, but the contained solvent is extracted and heated in that state to an extent that the thread does not melt without drying, and the total stretching ratio is preferably 10 times or more. The polyethylene fibers obtained by drawing the polyethylene fibers in one stage or in multiple stages so as to be 20 times or more are made into woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, non-woven fabrics, or aggregate structures of united fibers using the usual method. or a composite or laminated structure;
It can be formed to a thickness sufficient to absorb the energy of the flying object, and can be easily obtained by coating or gluing if necessary. Here, the best way to flatten the cross section of the fibers is to stretch unstretched or semi-stretched gel fibers containing a predetermined amount of solvent at an appropriate temperature at a maximum stretching ratio of 70% or more. Although easier, there is also a method of extruding the polymer solution through a rectangular nozzle orifice. The bulletproof article of the present invention obtained as described above is lighter in weight than conventional bulletproof articles and has superior energy absorption performance for flying objects, so it has the advantage of reducing the load on the object to be protected. have. The method of measuring physical properties used for evaluation of the present invention is as follows. <Measurement method of tensile strength and tensile modulus of fiber> According to the method specified in JIS-L1013 (1981). The present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples. Example 1 Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene having a flexible polymer chain with a weight average molecular weight of 1 x 10 6 to 1.8 x 10 6 was dissolved in decalin to prepare a spinning stock solution, and then the spinning stock solution was prepared in a spinning device. The polyethylene solution is extruded from a spinneret into the air at room temperature at a temperature that does not solidify, and is cooled to form a gel-like fiber. The decalin containing gel fibers containing decalin was extracted, and without drying, the gel fibers were stretched at various temperatures and stretching ratios at a temperature at which the gel fibers did not melt. A multifilament having the characteristics shown in 7 was obtained. From each of these multifilaments, plain woven fabrics having the respective basis weights shown in Table 1 were created. For comparison, Table 1 includes commercially available nylon 6 multifilaments and fully aromatic polyamide filaments (Kevlar 49; Dupont Co., Ltd.) and the fabric weight characteristics of plain woven fabrics made from each of these filaments are also listed. Next, four sheets of each of the fabrics obtained as described above, each having a thin coating of Epoquine resin on its surface, were layered and pressed at 110° C. for 3 hours to be used as samples for evaluation of bulletproof performance. To evaluate the bulletproof performance, a bullet weighing 1.2 g was fired from a 22-caliber gun at a right angle to the sample from a distance of 3 m, and the kinetic energy absorbed by each sample was calculated from the difference in speed between the bullets before and after the sample. This was done by calculating. The number of measurements was twice, and the value was the average value of the two experiments. The initial velocity of the bullet was 334 m/s.
Bullet velocity was measured by using a Lumiline screen. Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the bulletproof performance of each sample (absorbed energy (J: joule) and value of absorbed energy per fabric weight (J/Kg/m 2 )).

【表】 第1表から明らかなように本発明における繊維
から得られた本発明防弾用品(実験No.4.5.7)は
優れた防弾性能を示す。一方、繊維の強力と弾性
率のいずれか又は両方が、本発明で特定する値を
満たしていないもの(実験No.1.2.3)は本発明
(実験No.4.5.7)に比べて、吸収エネルギー値が極
度に低下する。又、繊維の強度及び弾性率が満足
すべき値を有していても横断面偏平化率が1.7に
満たないもの(実験No.6)は横断面偏平化率が
1.7以上の繊維を用いた本発明防弾用品(実験No.
4.5.7)に比較して劣つた防弾性能を示す。さら
に本発明例(実験No.4.5.7)より、横断面の偏平
化率が大きくなる程、吸収エネルギーが大きくな
ることも判明している。
[Table] As is clear from Table 1, the bulletproof article of the present invention (Experiment No. 4.5.7) obtained from the fiber of the present invention exhibits excellent bulletproof performance. On the other hand, fibers whose strength and/or elastic modulus do not satisfy the values specified in the present invention (Experiment No. 1.2.3) have a higher absorbency than the present invention (Experiment No. 4.5.7). Energy value drops extremely. In addition, even if the fiber strength and elastic modulus have satisfactory values, the cross-sectional flattening ratio is less than 1.7 (Experiment No. 6).
Bulletproof article of the present invention using fibers of 1.7 or higher (Experiment No.
4.5.7) shows inferior bulletproof performance compared to 4.5.7). Furthermore, it has been found from the examples of the present invention (Experiment No. 4.5.7) that the larger the flattening ratio of the cross section, the larger the absorbed energy.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 重量平均分子量が5×105以上、引張強度が
20g/デニール以上、引張弾性率が500g/デニ
ール以上を有する横断面偏平化率が2.5以上のポ
リエチレン繊維を、飛行物のエネルギー吸収材と
して用いたことを特徴とする防弾用品。
1 Weight average molecular weight is 5×10 5 or more, tensile strength is
A bulletproof article characterized in that polyethylene fiber having a cross-sectional flattening ratio of 2.5 or more and having a tensile modulus of 20 g/denier or more and a tensile modulus of 500 g/denier or more is used as an energy absorbing material for an aircraft.
JP59034660A 1984-02-24 1984-02-24 Bulletproof article Granted JPS60178296A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59034660A JPS60178296A (en) 1984-02-24 1984-02-24 Bulletproof article

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59034660A JPS60178296A (en) 1984-02-24 1984-02-24 Bulletproof article

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS60178296A JPS60178296A (en) 1985-09-12
JPH0465319B2 true JPH0465319B2 (en) 1992-10-19

Family

ID=12420595

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP59034660A Granted JPS60178296A (en) 1984-02-24 1984-02-24 Bulletproof article

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS60178296A (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS635937A (en) * 1986-06-27 1988-01-11 カネボウ株式会社 Member for protection tool and manufacture thereof
CN110832126B (en) * 2017-07-20 2022-09-16 东洋纺株式会社 Multifilaments and their constituent monofilaments

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57128212A (en) * 1981-01-26 1982-08-09 Showa Denko Kk High-density and high-tenacity polyethylene yarn
US4457985A (en) * 1982-03-19 1984-07-03 Allied Corporation Ballistic-resistant article

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS60178296A (en) 1985-09-12

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