JPH0465648B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to crops and methods for submerged, submerged, and humid root cultivation using a fixed medium immersed in a semi-underground cultivation bed.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, culture solution cultivation methods for crops are broadly classified into the following two types.

One of them is hydroponic cultivation, as shown in FIG. 5, in which the roots of crop a form a root zone c only in culture solution b. In FIG. 5, d is a cultivation bed, e is a culture solution tank, f is an additional fertilizing device, g is a liquid supply pump, h is a liquid supply pipe, and i is a drain pipe.

The other method is solid medium cultivation, as shown in FIG. 6, in which culture medium K is used in cultivation bed j, and culture solution b is poured over solid medium k to create root zone c. In FIG. 6, l is a liquid injection port.

In addition, some solid medium cultivation methods simply involve watering without circulating the culture solution.

That is, basically, the culture solution should be circulated, circulated through the hive, or irrigated.

And the circulation type is easy to manage and can be automated. Also, the irrigation/circulation type and irrigation type are relatively safe against diseases.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

Among these, the circulation method is used to prevent pathogens from entering crops.
There is a risk that it will spread throughout the country and wipe out crops. Furthermore, since the roots of the crops are in water, a device is required to increase the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the culture solution.

The irrigation/circulation method and the irrigation method are relatively safe against diseases, but the concentration and moisture content of the culture solution varies among each bed, making them difficult to manage.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for submerged, low liquid level, and humid root cultivation using a solid medium that can overcome the problems of equipment, diseases, etc. in conventional hydroponic cultivation and solid medium cultivation.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to achieve the purpose of the submerged, lowered liquid level, and humid root cultivation method using a fixed medium of the present invention, the fixed medium is placed in a semi-underground cultivation bed filled with a culture solution. A planting pot or porous pot with a large number of holes so that the roots of the grown seedlings can penetrate into the fixed medium. A block for raising quality seedlings is placed with its bottom touching the top surface of the fixed medium, the seedling portion exposed to the outside air is removed, and the cultivation bed is covered with a light shielding material, and the culture solution in the cultivation bed is removed as the crops grow. It is characterized by increasing root contact with atmospheric oxygen as the surface level decreases, and cultivating until harvest while promoting root development in humid conditions.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, the features of the present invention will be specifically explained using examples.

In Fig. 1, a long hole is dug in the field, the side of the long hole is surrounded by wood chips 1, a PVC sheet 2 is placed in contact with the wood chips, and a PE sheet 3 is placed inside of it in contact with the culture solution 4. Semi-underground cultivation bed 5 set up in
is installed, and a culture solution 4 is filled in this.
The reason why PVC sheet 2 and PE sheet 3 are double-strung is that PVC sheet 2 contains plasticizers that have a negative effect on the root zone, but it has high strength, weather resistance, and is resistant to deterioration. By combining it with a PE sheet that tends to lose elongation and strength,
This is because it has been confirmed that the service life is significantly longer than that of two PE sheets stretched together.

The liquid tank 5 contains a fixed medium 6 as shown in FIG. 2a.
Set up. The fixed culture medium 6 is a porous block having air permeability and water permeability, and is installed by immersing it in the culture solution 4 with its upper part exposed, as shown in FIG. The fixed medium 6 is highly hydrophilic, and its upper surface becomes wet with the culture medium 4 due to capillary action.

In the example, the dimensions of the fixed medium 6 are, for example, width 7.5 cm, length 198 cm, and height 30 to 35 cm.
It is preferable that the fixed culture medium 6 is exposed and immersed 1 to 3 mm above the surface of the culture solution 4 in which it is first filled.

In addition to the fixed medium 6 using a porous block, a nonwoven bag filled with charcoal can be used as the fixed medium. Carbide is porous;
Like a porous block, it adsorbs culture fluid and has capillary action.

In addition, a mixture of charcoal and a medium material having capillary action can be used as the fixed medium.

In the present invention, the fixed medium 6 is placed in the cultivation bed 5.
In order to install it with good stability, a roof-shaped support frame 7 as shown in FIG. 3 is used. The roof-shaped support frame 7 is made of wood, and has a recess 8 in the center of the lower part that fits over the top of the fixed culture medium 6 and supports it so that it does not fall laterally, and has both sides placed on the upper edge of the wood chips 1. It has a protrusion 9 and a film support part 10 formed in a roof shape to support a light shielding body 11 consisting of a light shielding film 11a on the front side and a nonwoven fabric 11b on the back side.

For this purpose, a fixed medium 6 consisting of a porous block in the longitudinal direction is immersed in the center of the liquid tank 5 with the upper part exposed 1 to 3 mm above the surface of the culture medium 4, and then supported in a roof shape on top of the fixed medium 6. A crusher 7 is attached to support the fixed culture medium 6 from above and to stably install it. and,
As shown in FIG. 4a, the multi-hole planting pot 12 in which the seedlings 14 are planted, and as shown in FIG. 4b, the seedlings 14
The porous seedling-raising blocks 13 in which seedlings have been planted are placed on the fixed medium 6 at predetermined intervals. Then, the top of the cultivation bed 5 is covered with a light shielding body 11 except for the upper part of the seedlings 14 to be exposed, so that the seedlings 14 can be cultivated.

The submerged/lowered/humid root cultivation method using the fixed medium of the present invention is different from conventional cultivation methods and is characterized by the following points.

The culture solution 4 is of a non-circulating type, and the culture solution 4 is flooded in the cultivation bed 5, and even if the liquid level of the culture solution 4 decreases as the crop grows, the culture solution 4 is hardly replenished, and the cultivation bed 5 Roots grow in humidity while increasing the air volume within. For this reason, a porous substance is also used for the fixed medium 6, so that roots can easily come out into the air in humid conditions and can be easily supplied with oxygen.

The width and depth of the cultivation bed 5 are designed to have a sufficient volume of air, and the amount of air dissolved in the culture solution 4 is increased to promote root growth in humid conditions.

The cultivation bed 5 is covered with a light shield 11 to prevent moisture from escaping. Therefore, the concentration and composition of nutrients in the culture solution do not change significantly even if the liquid level decreases.

The cultivation bed 4 is a semi-underground type, and the temperature of the culture solution 4 is almost the same as the soil temperature 20 to 30 cm underground, so cultivation is performed under conditions close to ideal soil.

Under such cultivation conditions, the upper surface of the fixed medium 6 exposed from the liquid surface of the submerged culture solution 4 is moistened with the culture solution 4 due to capillary action, and the surface of the fixed medium 6 is moistened with the culture solution 4 due to capillary action, and the surface of the fixed medium 6 is moistened with the culture solution 4 by the capillary phenomenon. The root 15 is encouraged to grow from the bottom of the root 13. Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the roots 15 extend into the fixed medium 6 and then into the culture solution 4. As the seedlings 14 grow, the level of the culture solution 4 decreases as indicated by the arrow, and a portion of the roots 15 are exposed to the air. As a result, the roots 15 have better contact with oxygen, and roots develop in the fixed medium 6 and in the cultivation bed 5 under humidity. This cultivation continues until the crop is harvested.

[Invention and effect]

According to the submerged/lowered/humid root cultivation method using a fixed medium of the present invention, a fixed medium with good aeration and water permeability can be used in a semi-underground cultivation bed that can keep the culture solution warm using soil temperature. Place a multi-hole planting pot or porous seedling-raising block on top of the fixed medium exposed in the flooded culture solution, remove the part of the seedling that will be exposed to the outside air, and open the cultivation bed. The plants were covered with a light-blocking material and cultivated until harvest while allowing the roots to develop in the humid environment as the level of the culture solution dropped. Since it is a flooded method, it does not require any machinery or other equipment, it does not require cultivation beds or other equipment, there is no wastage of culture fluid, and ordinary costs are low. In humid conditions, the capillary roots grow well, and the aboveground part as well as the root zone grow strong. Moreover, since it is a flooded method, even if a disease occurs in the root zone, it can be dealt with on a per cultivation bed basis, making it relatively safe to prevent the disease from spreading.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the submerged, liquid level lowered, and humid medium root cultivation method using the fixed medium of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an example of the fixed medium, and FIG. 3 is a front view of the roof-shaped support frame. Figure 4a is a perspective view showing a seedling raising pot together with planted seedlings, Figure 4b is a perspective view showing a porous seedling raising block together with planted seedlings, Figure 5 is an explanatory diagram of hydroponic cultivation, and Figure 6 is It is an explanatory diagram of solid medium cultivation. 1: wooden frame, 2: PVC sheet, 3: PE sheet, 4: culture medium, 5: cultivation bed, 6: fixed medium, 7: roof-shaped support frame, 8: recess, 9: protrusion, 1
0: film support part, 11: light shielding body, 11a: light shielding film, 11b: nonwoven fabric, 12: porous planting pot, 13: porous seedling growing block, 14: seedling,
15: root, a: crop, b: culture solution, c: root zone,
d: cultivation bed, e: culture solution tank, f: topdressing device, g: liquid supply pump, h: liquid supply pipe, i: drain pipe,
j: cultivation bed, k: culture medium, l: liquid injection port.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a semi-underground cultivation bed filled with culture solution, a fixed medium is immersed with the top exposed in the culture solution to the extent that the top surface becomes wet due to the capillary action of the fixed medium, and the growth A planting pot or a porous seedling-raising block with a large number of holes that allow the roots of the seedlings to penetrate into the fixed medium is placed on top of the fixed medium with the bottom touching, and the seedling portion exposed to the outside air is placed. During harvesting, the cultivation bed is covered with a light-shielding material, and as the level of the culture solution in the cultivation bed decreases as the crop grows, the roots are exposed to more oxygen in the air, promoting root development in the humidity. A submerged, low-level, and humid medium root cultivation method using a fixed medium, which is characterized by cultivation up to .