JPH0472364B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a reluctance type rotary solenoid device.

The well-known reluctance type rotary solenoid has a large output torque and does not use a magnet, so it has a feature that the structure is simplified.

However, although the output torque is significantly large at the beginning of rotation, there is a drawback that the output torque decreases significantly as the rotation progresses.

Furthermore, if an attempt is made to use a flat portion of the output torque, there is a drawback that the operating angle becomes small and practicality is lost. Furthermore, if a position detection device is provided on the rotor and a servo device is added to rotate the rotor by a predetermined input voltage signal, the above-mentioned torque characteristics will cause the servo operation to become unstable, resulting in a loss of practicality. .

The device of the present invention eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks, maintains a large output torque, has flat output torque characteristics, and can freely obtain torque characteristics that adapt to the load situation. It has the feature that when a servo circuit is attached, the stopping position can be made accurate.

In particular, it can be used as a control drive source for a servo valve in a car caplet or an automatic diaphragm in a camera, since it can be small, inexpensive, and operate stably, providing an effective technical means.

The details of an embodiment of the device of the present invention having the above-mentioned features will be described below.

In FIG. 1a, a cylindrical support 3 installed in the main body (not shown) has a ball bearing 1a.
is fitted, and the rotating shaft 1 is rotatably supported thereon.

The center portion of the bottom surface of a rotating body 7 formed into a cup shape by pressing mild steel is fixed to the rotating shaft 1.

A ring-shaped magnetic body 6 is press-fitted inside the rotating body 7, and salient poles 6a and 6b are provided thereon.

A hole in the center of the stator 4 having the magnetic poles 4a and 4b is press-fitted into the support 3 and fixed thereto. Stator 4
The salient poles 6a and 6b are made of a magnetic material, but are generally preferably made of sintered metal such as mild steel powder or silicon steel powder.

The salient poles 6a, 6b and the magnetic poles 4a, 4b are 90 degrees apart from each other.
The length of the salient poles is larger than the length of the magnetic poles. Each length is determined in accordance with the rotational operating angle.

The clearance of the rotating surface between the salient poles 6a, 6b and the magnetic poles 4a, 4b is approximately 70 microns. The smaller this value is, the greater the output torque will be.

Excitation coils 5a, 5b are attached to the magnetic poles 4a, 4b. The rotating body 7 is elastically repelled in the direction of arrow A by a spring (not shown), and the protrusion 7a of the rotating body 7 comes into contact with a restraining pin 8 planted on the main body, so that the rotation of the rotating body 7 is prevented. is being suppressed. The abutment pin 8 and the protrusion 7a serve as a restraining member.

At this time, as shown in the figure, magnetic poles 4a, 4b
are the salient poles 6a and 6b and a predetermined length, respectively,
Their opposing surfaces overlap.

For example, the shaft of a servo valve of a gear plater that controls the intake of gasoline in an automobile is directly connected to the rotating shaft 1, and excitation coils 5a and 5b are connected to the rotating shaft 1, as described later.
The flow rate of gasoline can be adjusted by controlling the amount of current supplied by the servo circuit.

If necessary, the rotation of the rotating shaft 1 may be sped up using a star gear.

What is shown in FIG. 1b is a modified embodiment for controlling the aperture of a video camera.

In FIG. 1b, the same symbols as in the previous embodiment indicate the same members.

A sectional view taken along the dotted line C in FIG. 1b from the direction of arrow D is shown in FIG. 1c. Therefore, the configuration will be explained with reference to both figures.

The magnetic poles 4a, 4b and the stator 4 are annular with a U-shaped cross section, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG.
The outer peripheral surface is an opening. The inner circumferential surface of the stator 4 is fitted and fixed to the outer circumference of a cylinder 3a serving as a support.

The stator 4 and the magnetic poles 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d are made of pressed mild steel or sintered powdered iron. The excitation coil 5 is mounted in a U-shaped groove as shown. The rotor 6 and salient poles 6a and 6b integrally made of a sintered body of powdered iron are press-fitted and fixed in a cup shape inside a rotating body 7 molded from a plastic material.

The cylindrical rotating shaft 9 is rotatably supported via a ball bearing 1a, and the rotating shaft 9 is fixed to the rotating body 7.

The rotating body 7 is hollow, and a lens system and a diaphragm are provided in this hollow part, and the diameter of the diaphragm is changed by the rotation of the rotating body 9.

As shown in the cross-sectional view in Figure c, the magnetic poles 4a, 4b are each made up of a set of 4a, 4c and 4b, 4d. Furthermore, as shown in Fig. c, the salient poles 6a, 6b are each a set of 6a, 6b, 6b, 6d, and the magnetic poles 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d are the salient poles 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, respectively. are facing each other through.

The salient poles 6a, 6b, . . . are indicated by dotted lines in figure c because they are not displayed in the cross section of arrow C.
This is to indicate a facing state.

A developed view of the magnetic pole in FIG. 1a viewed from the outer periphery is shown in the upper part of FIG. 3a as symbols 4a and 4b. Each is a rectangular parallelepiped, and is the part that is not shaded.

The magnetic pole length is 90 degrees and they are 90 degrees apart. The lower magnetic poles 4a, 4b are those of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1e, and will be described later.

Returning to FIG. 1a, a developed view of the salient poles 6a and 6b seen from the inside is shown in FIG. 3b.

In FIG. 3b, the width of the air 6a is equal to the width of the magnetic pole 4a.
The width of the salient pole 6b is narrower by the shaded portion 6c, and the salient pole 6b is wedge-shaped. When the rotor 6 in FIG. 1a rotates in the direction of arrow B, the salient poles 6a and 6b in FIG. 3b move to the right, so the opposing widths of the salient poles 6a and magnetic poles 4a remain unchanged. , salient pole 6b
, the opposing width gradually increases.

What is shown in FIG. 4 is a developed view of the salient poles 6a, 6b and the magnetic poles 4a, 4b.

When the excitation coils 5a and 5b are energized, the salient pole 6
A and 6b are attracted by the magnetic poles 4a and 4b and rotate in the direction of arrow B.Next, the energization will be explained with reference to FIG. 2a.

In FIG. 2a, reference numeral 19 denotes a well-known constant current control circuit, which regulates the energization of the excitation coils 5a and 5b to a predetermined value by the input voltage at the terminal 19a. Excitation coils 5a and 5b are connected in series. If the excitation coils have the same resistance value, they can be connected in parallel. Symbols 18a and 18b are the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply.

When the electric switch 19a is closed, the excitation coil 5
A and 5b are energized. Therefore, the salient pole 6a in FIG.
is attracted to the magnetic pole 4a and rotates in the direction of arrow B. Further, the salient pole 6b is also attracted to the magnetic pole 4b and rotates in the same direction.

If the horizontal axis of the graph in FIG. 5 is the rotation angle and the vertical axis is the torque, the torque due to the salient pole 6a is large at the beginning and small at the end, so the torque curve 15
becomes.

In the salient pole 6b, the initial suction force is obtained by the narrow part of the wedge-shaped width, and the final suction force becomes large.
The torque curve becomes 16.

Between the dotted line 0 degrees and 60 degrees, the torque becomes a composite torque of both, which has the effect of being almost flat. The shape of the torque curve 16 in FIG. 5 can be changed by making the diagonal line on the lower side of the salient pole 6b (the part shown as a symbol 6d in FIG. 3b) a curved line and changing its shape.
Therefore, there is a feature that a required torque curve can be obtained.

The same objective can be achieved even if the surfaces of the salient poles 6a and 6b facing the protrusions have the same shape as shown by symbols 26a and 26b in FIG. 3b. In this case, the width when the salient pole and the magnetic pole face each other and overlap is initially constant, so the width becomes as shown on the left side of the torque curve 15 in Fig. 5, and as the overlap increases, the width increases in the direction of rotation. On the other hand, since the width in the vertical direction increases, the characteristic on the right side of the characteristic of the torque curve 16 is added, and the torque curve becomes flat. Rear edge protrusions 26c, 26
By changing the shape and length (direction of rotation) of d, a flatter torque curve can be obtained.

FIG. 1b has the same effect as the embodiment of FIG. 1a.
The device will be explained next.

In FIG. 1b, one of the aforementioned salient poles 6b and 6d or one of the salient poles 6c and 6a is provided with the wedge-shaped protrusion shown in FIG. 3b on the opposing surface. There is. The other one is a rectangular opposing surface shown in the salient pole 6a in FIG. 3b.

When the excitation coil 5 is energized by the circuit shown in FIG.
closed through. Magnetic poles 4b, 4d and salient pole 6
b and 6d are similarly closed.

Therefore, the magnetic pole and the salient pole are attracted to each other and rotate under the driving force in the direction of arrow B, and the torque curve at this time becomes like curves 15 and 16 in FIG. 4, which is a flat torque characteristic. The objects of the invention are achieved.

The same purpose can be achieved by making all the facing surfaces of the salient poles 6a, 6b, 6c, and 6d into protrusions having the shapes shown by symbols 26a and 26b in FIG. 3b, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1a described above. I'm in exactly the same situation.

The structure shown in FIG. 1d is manufactured easily by changing the shapes of the magnetic poles and salient poles.

In FIG. 1d, the salient pole 6b is wider than the salient pole 6d and faces the magnetic poles 4b and 4d.

The circular mild steel is pressed into an L-shaped cross section.
The excitation coil 5, which has been solidified by frame wrapping, is attached from the right side.

Next, the circular mild steel press-formed into an inverted L shape is pressed and fixed as shown in the figure. Therefore, the bent portion 4b becomes a magnetic pole, and its width becomes wider, making it easier for the magnetic flux to pass through, and also making it easier to provide the salient pole b with a wedge-shaped protrusion shown by the same symbol in FIG. 3b. .
The wedge-shaped protrusions on the opposing surfaces of the magnetic pole 4d and the salient pole 6d are removed. By adjusting the widths of the opposing surfaces of the magnetic poles 4b, the peak values of the curves 15 and 16 in FIG. 4 can be made equal. The salient poles 6a, 6c and the magnetic poles 4a, 4c in FIG. 1c also have the same structure, but are not shown.

Although this embodiment is of an abduction type, it can also be configured as an adduction type. In this case, the support 3
a is a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft 9 is fixed to the main body.

Therefore, salient poles 6a, 6 are provided on the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 3a.
b, 6c, and 6d are provided to protrude outward, and magnetic poles 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d are fixed to the main body while protruding inward, and the magnetic poles and salient poles face each other.

The principle of rotation and the operation and effect are exactly the same.

Next, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1e will be described.

In FIG. 1e, the same symbols as in the previous embodiment are the same members, and their functions and effects are also the same.

The rotating body 7 and the rotor 6 in FIG. 1b are a rotor 10 made by pressing a mild steel plate.

When the rotor 10 is pressed into a cup shape, protrusions 10a and 10b are simultaneously created on the inside thereof, and these become salient poles 10a and 10b, which are connected to the magnetic poles 4a and 4b, respectively, through a small space. They are facing each other.

A rotating shaft 1 is installed in the center of the bottom surface of the rotor 10, and is rotatably supported by the stator 4 via ball bearings 1a and 1b. A sectional view taken along the dotted line C in FIG. 1e in the direction of arrow D is shown in FIG. 1f.

The salient pole 10b is shown by a dotted line because it cannot be shown in the cross-sectional view, so the dotted line shows the state in which it faces the magnetic poles 4b and 4d.

The stators 4 and 11 are made by press-forming a mild steel plate into the cross-sectional shape shown in the figure, and both have an annular shape.

The central parts 11a of the stators 4 and 11 are brought into close contact with each other,
It is fixed with adhesive or arc welded.

Ball bearings 1a and 1b are fitted between rotating shaft 1 and bent portions of stators 4 and 11.
The stators 4 and 11 are fixed to a main body (not shown), and the rotor 10 is fixed to the rotating shaft 1.

The dotted line E is the center line, and there are others with the same configuration below it, but they are not shown. That is, components corresponding to the magnetic poles 4a and 4c are not shown.

The excitation coil 5 is made by winding and solidifying, and is installed before the parts 11a of the stators 4 and 11 are bonded together.

The lower part of the developed diagram in FIG.
11, and these are shown in Figure 1e,
This is a view from the outside.

The length of magnetic poles 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d is 90 degrees,
They are 90 degrees apart from each other. The magnetic poles 4a, 4b and the magnetic poles 4b, 4d are opposed to the salient poles 10a, 10b, but the surfaces of the salient poles 10a, 10b facing the magnetic poles are deformed, and are represented by symbols 25a, 25 in FIG. 3b.
It is assumed to be in the shape of b. Since the positions of each magnetic pole and each salient pole are set at the positions where the dotted line J faces the dotted line H in FIG. ing.

The same situation applies to the magnetic poles 4b and 4d and the salient pole 25b.

When the excitation coil 5 is energized, the magnetic flux passing through the magnetic poles 4a and 4c is closed by the salient pole 25a, and the rotor 10 rotates in the direction of arrow B in FIG. 1e due to the magnetic attraction between them. .

At this time, the torque curve due to the magnetic poles 4a and 4b becomes like the torque curve 15 in the graph of FIG. The torque curve becomes as shown in 16. The resultant torque curve is flat and the objective of the invention is achieved.

The shape of the above-mentioned resultant torque curve can be changed depending on the purpose of use by changing the shapes of the sloped portions shown by symbols 25c and 25d of the salient poles 25a and 25b in FIG. 3b and the straight portions following them. There are features that allow it.

The salient poles 25a, 25b are rectangular, and the magnetic poles 4a,
The same effect can be obtained even if the shape of 4b is changed to a wedge shape.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 1g is an adduction type version of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1b. A ball bearing 12 is provided between the cylinder 3a fixed to the main body and the rotor 13, and the rotor 13 is rotatably supported.

The rotor 13 is a mild steel cylinder, and salient poles 13a and 13b, which are longer than 90 degrees, are bonded to the outer periphery of the rotor 13.
Salient poles 13a and 13b are spaced apart by an equal distance. Dotted line C is the first cross-sectional view seen from the direction of arrow D.
They are shown with the same symbols in Figure h.

In FIG. 1h, a dotted line E indicates the centerline of the cylinder 3a, and members below it are omitted and not shown.

Steel balls 12a and 12b are interposed in the ring-shaped grooves of the fixed cylinder 3a and the rotor 13,
It constitutes the ball bearing 12 described above.

An annular support 14 having an end fixed to the fixed cylinder 3a is provided, and the right side of the stator 11 is fixed to this with an adhesive.

As shown in the figure, the stator 11 is made by pressing a mild steel plate into a ring having a U-shaped cross section.

The stator 4 is also made of a mild steel plate by the same means and has an inverted U-shaped ring cross section.

After the coiled and solidified annular excitation coil 5 is inserted inside, the stators 4 and 11 are adhesively fixed at the portion 11b.

The dotted line 13b indicates the salient pole with the same symbol as in FIG. 1g, and faces the magnetic poles 4b and 4d with a slight gap in between.

The rotor 13 is driven in the direction of arrow B, and is provided with back springs and rotation restraining members 8 and 7a as in the previous embodiment, but these are not shown in the figure. do not have.

The shapes of the magnetic poles 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d have the same symbols shown in the lower row of FIG. 3a, as in the previous embodiment.

The salient poles 13a and 13b are shaped like symbols 26a and 26b in FIG. 3b, respectively. The magnetic pole and the salient pole face each other so that the dotted line K coincides with the dotted line H in FIG. 3a. Therefore salient pole 2
Above the dotted line of 6a, 26b are magnetic poles 4a, 4b,
The portion below the dotted line faces the magnetic poles 4c and 4d.

When the excitation coil 5 is energized, the magnetic poles 4a, 4c and 4b, 4d initially become the salient pole 26.
Since the torque curve begins to oppose the right end of the torque curve 15 of FIG. 5, as the opposition progresses, the slope portions 26c and 26d
Therefore, the torque curve 16 in FIG. 5 has a shape on the right side. Therefore, by selecting the shape and length of the slope portions 26c and 26d, a desired torque curve can be obtained. Moreover, if the salient pole width is smaller than the magnetic pole width, almost the same effect can be obtained even if the slope portions 26c and 26d are removed.

When the rotor 13 rotates, as shown by the dotted line G in FIG.
You can change the aperture diameter by rotating the ring.

Similar to the previous embodiment, the shapes of the salient pole and the magnetic pole are exchanged to form a wedge-shaped magnetic pole, and the salient pole is made rectangular to achieve the same purpose.

When the excitation coil 5 is energized, the rotor 13 rotates in response to the back spring and the load, but when the electric switch 19b in FIG. 2a is opened, the energization of the excitation coil 5 is cut off. spring back in the direction. Since a magnet is not used at this time, there is a feature that smooth return operation can be performed without generating a jerking torque. Further, when the servo valve is driven in the formats shown in FIGS. 1a and 1e, the servo valve automatically returns to its original state when the excitation coil is de-energized, and the supply of gasoline can be cut off.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, there are two salient poles and two magnetic poles, but either three or four salient poles can be implemented in the same manner. The operating angle becomes smaller, but the torque increases. Especially in the case of three, the first
As for the one added to the embodiment of FIG. 1A, it is preferable that the relative relationship between the salient pole and the magnetic pole has the same property as the torque generated between the salient pole 6b and the magnetic pole. Fifth
Although the peak value on the right side of the torque curve 16 in the figure tends to be small, such a measure has the effect of eliminating this drawback.

A servo circuit is required when the aperture of a camera is controlled by the devices shown in FIGS. 1b and 1g, or when the servo valve of a carburetor is controlled by the devices shown in FIGS. 1a and 1e. For this purpose, the rotating body 7
A position detection device whose output increases or decreases in proportion to the rotation angle of the rotor 13 is also required. Next, I will explain it.

In FIG. 6a, the cup-shaped rotating bodies 7, 13
A ferrite magnet 29a is attached to the back surface of the magnet along the circumferential surface, and a Hall element 30a (which may be a magnetoresistive element) is fixed to the main body side opposite to the ferrite magnet 29a.

The magnet 29a is magnetized in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper, and the strength of magnetization is adjusted so that when the magnet 29a rotates together with the rotating bodies 7 and 13, the Hall output gradually increases or decreases.

Therefore, the Hall output becomes a position detection output. It is preferable to adjust the strength of magnetization so that the Hall output is as linear as possible.

The same purpose can also be achieved by attaching the magnet 29a to the side surface of the rotating bodies 7, 13 as shown by the symbol 29b, magnetizing it in the radial direction, and disposing the Hall element 30b facing it.

FIG. 6b shows another embodiment. Rotating body 7,1
3, a wedge-shaped hole 27 is formed by press working, and an air-core coil 28 is fixedly provided to the main body in opposition to the wedge-shaped hole 27.

The coil 28 has about 20 turns, and the oscillation circuit
An alternating current of about 1 megacycle is applied. As the rotating bodies 7 and 13 rotate and the width of the hole 27 facing the coil 28 becomes larger, the current value decreases. A position detection output can be obtained by rectifying and smoothing this current.

FIG. 2b shows a circuit for controlling the rotational angle of the diaphragm, that is, the rotating bodies 7 and 13 of FIG. 1, based on the position detection signal.

Symbol 23 is a circuit that outputs an electrical signal to support proper exposure depending on the illuminance of the subject, and symbol 22 is a circuit that outputs the above-mentioned position detection signal. The position detection signal becomes larger as the aperture diameter becomes larger. Also, excitation coil 5
The diameter of the aperture is configured to increase as the current flowing through a, 5b, or 5 increases.

When the set value is input to the operational amplifier 24 from the circuit 23, if the aperture diameter is too small at this time, the output of the circuit 22 is small, so the base current of the transistor 20 is large and the aperture diameter increases.
When the two inputs of the operational amplifier 24 become approximately equal, the rotating torque and the torque of the back spring are balanced and the aperture stops, and the aperture diameter corresponds to the output of the circuit 23.

As mentioned above, exactly the same means can be adopted when controlling the rotation angle of the servo valve of the carburetor.

As explained above, according to the apparatus of the present invention, the object stated at the beginning is achieved and the effect is remarkable.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the device of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a control circuit diagram of the excitation coil, Fig. 3 is an exploded view showing the configuration of salient poles and magnetic poles, and Fig. 4 is a diagram of the salient poles and magnetic poles. A developed view, FIG. 5 shows a graph of output torque, and FIG. 6 shows an explanatory diagram of the position detection signal generating device. 1, 9... Rotating shaft, 3, 3a... Cylindrical support, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d... Magnetic pole, 5a, 5
b, 5...Exciting coil, 1a...Ball bearing, 8...Suppression pin, 7a...Protrusion, 13,
6, 10...Rotor, 7...Rotating body, 6a, 6
b, 6c, 6d, 10a, 10b, 13a, 13
b, 25a, 25b, 26a, 26b... salient pole,
18a, 18b...Power supply positive and negative poles, 19...Constant current circuit, 20...Transistor, 24...Operational amplifier, 23...Circuit for specifying aperture diameter, 22...Output circuit for position detection signal, 15, 16... ...Torque curve, 30a, 30b...Hall element, 29a, 2
9b... Ferrite magnet, 27... Hole,
28...Air core coil.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A stator in which n (n is a positive integer) axially symmetrical positions have equal opening angles (lengths) and magnetic poles of magnetic material are arranged at equal pitches on the same circumference, and an excitation coil that magnetizes each of the magnetic poles to N and S poles; a rotor fixed to a rotating shaft rotatably supported by a bearing provided on the main body; The surface of the magnetic pole and a little sky
n salient poles of a magnetic material with an opening angle equal to or larger than the magnetic pole width, facing each other through The above-mentioned opposing surfaces of the magnetic poles and salient poles are overlapped by a predetermined width, and when the rotor is rotated against the elastic force of the back spring, the overlapping length of the above-mentioned opposing surfaces is A restraining device is provided on the opposing surfaces of either of the opposing magnetic poles and salient poles, and as the overlapping length of the opposing surfaces increases, the width perpendicular to the rotation direction increases. , consisting of a protruding opposing portion that initially has a substantially constant width and then gradually increasing its width, or a protruding opposing portion that generates a torque with torque characteristics equivalent to these, and an excitation device that excites the excitation coil described above. A rotary solenoid device characterized by: