JPH0472486B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a method for coating seeds to ensure healthy germination and growth of seeds. During the process of fruiting, harvesting, and storage, seeds
They are exposed to contact with various germs, and harmful bacteria that inhibit germination and growth after sowing are attached to their surfaces. Therefore, in order to ensure good germination and growth of crops, seed sterilization is now widely carried out using various fungicides before sowing. However, this seed disinfection is often carried out by immersing the seeds in an aqueous fungicide solution, which promotes germination of the seeds and requires prompt sowing. In addition, even with sterilized seeds, germination is greatly affected by conditions such as soil moisture and temperature, so if the soil is dry or low temperature, germination may be delayed or germination may be delayed. The problem is that the seeds are attacked by harmful bacteria in the soil, resulting in unhealthy seedlings even if they germinate, and sometimes the seeds rot. As a result of various studies aimed at ensuring healthy germination and growth of seeds, the present inventors have discovered that by coating seeds with a polymer resin, the present invention can delay the germination of seeds as described above. The present invention was completed based on the discovery that there is no infection by harmful bacteria in the soil and the yield is improved. That is, the present invention relates to polyethylene, polyethylene-
At least one of vinyl acetate copolymer, wax, and rosin dissolved in an organic solvent at a concentration of 0.1 to 5% by weight.
A method for coating seeds, comprising coating seeds with a heated solution of The present invention will be explained in detail below. The solution used in the present invention is prepared by dissolving at least one polymeric resin such as polyethylene, polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, wax, rosin, etc. in an organic solvent under heating to a concentration of 0.1 to 5.
% solution. Here, any organic solvent may be used as long as it dissolves the polymer resin, but
In order to ensure safety against fires and explosions, nonflammable tetrochlorethylene, tetrachloroethane, and trichloroethane are preferred. The seed coating method of the present invention involves rolling seeds, such as seeds of soybeans and rice, in a dish-type granulator, while spraying the solution with a nozzle and blowing hot air onto the seeds to remove hot air from the solution. A method is to evaporate the solvent to form a polymer resin coating on the seed surface, or a method is to first introduce a certain amount of seeds into a jet tower equipped with a blower pipe and a nozzle for spraying the coating solution downward while blowing cold air. The amount of air blown is adjusted so that a stable jet is formed, and then the temperature of the cold air is raised and a coating solution is sprayed to form a polymer resin coating on the surface of the seeds. On this occasion,
The solution needs to be heated (100 to 110°C) in order to increase the solubility of the polymer resin, prevent solvent loss, and increase the sterilization effect on seeds. The temperature must be below 70°C to prevent seeds from dying. Furthermore, in the method using a jet tower, it is desirable to adjust the temperature of the seed layer at the bottom of the jet tower to 35 to 50°C. In the method of the present invention, the coating amount of the polymer resin is adjusted to the weight of the seeds so that the coating is maintained until the seeds absorb water and are ready for germination and rooting, and then the coating is immediately broken. 0.1 against
~5% is required. In addition, when carrying out the method of the present invention, agricultural chemicals (fungicides, insecticides, herbicides) are added to the coating solution.
It is also possible to mix plant growth regulators, talc, surfactants. According to the method of the present invention, seeds are momentarily exposed to hot air and constantly exposed to an organic solvent having a sterilizing effect during the coating period, thereby sterilizing harmful bacteria adhering to the seed surface. In addition, since it is coated at the same time as sterilization, it can be stored for a long time, and contamination with harmful bacteria can be avoided from seeding to germination. In addition, when pesticides are mixed in the coating solution, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of harmful bacteria, pests, and weeds in the soil after germination, and when a plant growth regulator is mixed in, it is possible to control the growth of crops after germination. to do,
When talc or a surfactant is mixed, it is possible to adjust the strength of the polymer resin coating, and by increasing the microscopic pores, it is possible to adjust the supply of moisture and oxygen to the seeds. Furthermore, the method using a jet tower makes it easier to avoid blocking of seeds and to recover organic solvents. Currently, in order to enable mechanical sowing of seeds and direct sowing of paddy rice seeds in water, coating of seeds is being considered from the viewpoint of increasing grain size and oxygen supply. All use coating materials such as PVA, CMC, MC, gelatin, and gypsum as binders, and powder materials such as diatomaceous earth, calcium carbonate, talc, activated clay, kaolin clay, bentonite, vermiculite, and dolomite. . These coatings are fragile from the point of view of mere coating, and are likely to wear out due to friction during transportation or in the seeding machine, so the amount of coating must be increased more than necessary, but the polymer resin coating of the present invention is strong. On the other hand, if the amount of coating is too large, germination may be impossible, and the ratio of coating weight to seed weight is
0.1-5% is required. Specific examples of the present invention will be described below. Example 1 6 g of polyethylene resin and 4 g of polyethylene vinyl acetate copolymer were added to 1 kg of tetrachloroethylene and melted by heating at 100°C to 110°C to prepare a hot coating solution. 1 kg of soybean seeds (variety: Tachi Suzunari) were placed in a jet tower, and the hot coating solution (temperature 100 to 110°C) was sprayed for 14 minutes while blowing hot air so that the temperature at the center of the seed layer at the bottom of the jet tower was 50°C. 1.008Kg of soybean seeds were obtained. A field test was conducted using the coated soybean seeds and untreated soybean seeds, and the results shown in Table 1 were obtained.

【table】

[Table] In the coated seed plot, compared to the untreated plot, no rotten seeds were found, the germination rate was healthy, the number of complete seeds was high, and the yield increased by nearly 20%. Example 2 Wax (low-molecular polyethylene obtained as a by-product during low-pressure polyethylene production) 16g Talc 4
Add g to 2 kg of tetrachlorethylene at 100℃~110
A hot coating solution was prepared by heating and melting at ℃. According to Example 1, 1 kg of rice seeds (variety Sasanishiki) were charged and sprayed for 28 minutes using a jet tower to obtain 1.016 kg of coated paddy rice seeds. Paddy rice seedlings were raised using the coated rice seeds and seeds sterilized with MPP emulsion before soaking. Sow 120g of rice seeds per box on April 15th.
The beds were placed in a heat-retaining eclectic Naashiro tunnel on the 16th of May. As a base fertilizer, the component amount per box is 1.5 each for N, P, and K.
g, Additional fertilizer was applied at 1.0 g of N per box at the 3-leaf stage (May 10th). The growth status of paddy rice 33 days after sowing was as shown in Table 2.

[Table] The coated seeds had a high germination rate and produced healthy seedlings. Table 3 shows the results of field tests conducted using these rice seedlings.

[Table] Paddy rice seedlings made from coated seeds continued to grow steadily and showed an increase in yield of more than 20%.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A method for coating seeds, which comprises coating seeds with a heated solution of at least one of polyethylene, polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, wax, and rosin dissolved in an organic solvent at a concentration of 0.1 to 5% by weight.