JPH0476063B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0476063B2 JPH0476063B2 JP59215031A JP21503184A JPH0476063B2 JP H0476063 B2 JPH0476063 B2 JP H0476063B2 JP 59215031 A JP59215031 A JP 59215031A JP 21503184 A JP21503184 A JP 21503184A JP H0476063 B2 JPH0476063 B2 JP H0476063B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- water pressure
- total
- detection
- ground
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
- E02D1/02—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work
- E02D1/022—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work by investigating mechanical properties of the soil
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明は、原位置即ち、自然状態で堆積した地
盤内の水平方向の応力状態について原地盤の位
置、で事前調査の時点においても測定可能にした
土圧・水圧の原位置測定装置に係り、特に、所望
の深さにおいて地中に押し込む時に生じる履歴応
力を検出して地盤の静止状態における土圧・水圧
を深さ方向で求める様にしたものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] Industrial Application Field The present invention makes it possible to measure the horizontal stress state in the ground deposited in situ, that is, at the location of the original ground, even at the time of preliminary investigation. This device relates to in-situ measuring equipment for earth pressure and water pressure, in particular, it detects the hysteresis stress that occurs when pushing into the ground at a desired depth, and determines the earth pressure and water pressure in the depth direction when the ground is at rest. It is.
従来の技術
一般に原地盤に平板状の土圧計を押し込むと周
辺地盤は、土圧計の形状寸法に応じた体積変形を
生じ、土圧計には、圧縮変形による受働土圧と過
剰水圧を生じ、本来の側方圧力より大きな圧力を
過渡的に生じることになる。Conventional technology Generally, when a flat earth pressure gauge is pushed into the original ground, the surrounding ground undergoes volumetric deformation according to the shape and dimensions of the earth pressure gauge, and the earth pressure gauge generates passive earth pressure and excess water pressure due to compressive deformation. This results in a transient pressure greater than the lateral pressure of the
この内、過剰水圧成分は、土の圧密か地中応力
の分散が進行するとともに消滅してゆき、また、
土の変形によつて生じた受働土圧成分も土の骨格
構造の安定とともに消散し、最終的には、地盤本
来の側圧に収斂する。 Among these, the excess water pressure component disappears as soil consolidation or underground stress dispersion progresses, and
The passive earth pressure component generated by soil deformation also dissipates as the soil skeleton structure stabilizes, and eventually converges to the original lateral pressure of the soil.
従来、原位置土圧測定法としては、プレツシヤ
メータ法、トータルプレツシヤセル法、ハイドロ
フラクチヤリング法などが知られているがこれら
は、計器を土中に主働状態か、または受働状態で
挿入するが水圧破砕時に生じる過渡現像は、現在
では避け難い外乱条件として無視し、最終的に収
斂する側圧を求めることを目的としている。 Previously known in-situ soil pressure measurement methods include the pressure meter method, total pressure cell method, and hydrofracturing method. However, the transient development that occurs during hydraulic fracturing is currently ignored as an unavoidable disturbance condition, and the aim is to find the lateral pressure that will eventually converge.
しかし、前記過渡現象は、土の種類によつて異
なるが、測定に重要な影響を与えるものであるか
ら、これを外乱条件として全く無視すると原地盤
の生の姿を反映した測定値を得ることが困難とな
る。 However, although the transient phenomenon described above differs depending on the type of soil, it has an important influence on measurements, so if you completely ignore this as a disturbance condition, you will not be able to obtain measured values that reflect the raw state of the original soil. becomes difficult.
原地盤の生の姿を反映した測定値を得るために
は、計器が外乱条件を最小にする形状寸法をも
つこと、計器を外乱が最少でしかも一定条件
（押し込み荷重および押し込み速度）で挿入する
こと、最適精度でかつ同一地中応力条件で全圧
成分と水圧成分を測定することが必要不可欠の条
件である。 In order to obtain measured values that reflect the raw state of the ground, the instrument must have a shape and dimensions that minimize disturbance conditions, and the instrument must be inserted under constant conditions (indentation load and indentation speed) with minimal disturbance. Therefore, it is essential to measure the total pressure component and the water pressure component with optimal accuracy and under the same underground stress conditions.
この条件に近い測定方法としてセルブボーリン
グによトータルプレツシヤメータ法があるが、こ
れは、ボーリングビツト先端付近側面の同位置に
土圧計を取付けたもので、地盤のボーリングに同
時に各計器により泥膜を介在した孔壁周囲圧力を
測定することを特徴とするものである。 A measurement method that is close to this condition is the total pressure meter method using cell boring, in which soil pressure gauges are installed at the same position on the side near the tip of the boring bit. This method is characterized by measuring the pressure around the pore wall through a membrane.
発明が解決しようとする問題点
しかしこのトータルプレツシヤメータ法におけ
るボーリングは、孔壁にゆるみ側の変位を生じ圧
力計に作用する側圧は、主働側の圧力であり、主
働状態から安定状態に移行することにより本来の
静止土圧に収斂するものであると考えられる。Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, in boring using the total pressure meter method, the lateral pressure that causes displacement of the hole wall on the slack side and acts on the pressure gauge is the pressure on the active side, and the boring state is stabilized from the active state. It is thought that by shifting to this state, the original static earth pressure converges.
このため、この方法に付随する過渡現象は、む
るみ側の孔壁変位を許すことにより周辺地盤は、
膨張側変位を生じることになる。 Therefore, the transient phenomenon associated with this method is that by allowing the hole wall displacement on the open side, the surrounding ground will be
This will cause displacement on the expansion side.
従つて圧力計による側圧は主働状態での安定値
を示し、本来地盤がもつ静止状態の側圧とは異な
るものである。 Therefore, the lateral pressure measured by the pressure gauge shows a stable value in the active state, which is different from the lateral pressure that the ground originally has in the stationary state.
また、孔壁周辺の水圧は、掘削時の泥水、泥膜
等の存在により原地盤の水圧と異なるものと考え
られ、本来その地盤がもつ側圧と水圧成分を静止
状態で測定している保証はない。 In addition, the water pressure around the hole wall is thought to be different from the water pressure in the original ground due to the presence of muddy water, mud films, etc. during excavation, and there is no guarantee that the lateral pressure and water pressure components of the ground are measured in a static state. do not have.
本発明は、上記点に鑑み、原地盤の生の姿を反
映した静止状態とできるだけ類似したデータを最
適精度で得るとともに、外乱条件を最小にし、計
測時間（安定に要する時間）を短縮することを目
的とするものである。 In view of the above points, the present invention aims to obtain data as similar as possible to a static state that reflects the raw appearance of the original soil with optimum accuracy, minimize disturbance conditions, and shorten measurement time (time required for stabilization). The purpose is to
問題点を解決するための手段
本発明は、検出体の受圧面部に全圧計の全圧検
出部と水圧計の水圧検出部とを近接して設けた土
圧、水圧の原位置測定装置であつて、前記検出体
が薄板状で、かつ、その先端にテーパ部が形成さ
れ、又、前記水圧検出部と該水圧検出部より大き
い全圧検出部とにより前記受圧面部の大部分が占
められていること、上記目的を達成せんとするも
のである。Means for Solving the Problems The present invention is an in-situ measuring device for earth pressure and water pressure, in which a total pressure detection section of a total pressure gauge and a water pressure detection section of a water pressure gauge are provided close to each other on a pressure receiving surface of a detection body. The detecting body is thin plate-like, and a tapered portion is formed at the tip thereof, and most of the pressure receiving surface portion is occupied by the water pressure detecting portion and a total pressure detecting portion larger than the water pressure detecting portion. The aim is to achieve the above objectives.
作 用
ボーリングなどにより試験を希望位置より60cm
程度上の地盤まで削孔し孔底地盤に薄板状検出体
を挿入し、全圧検出部により全圧を測定し、水圧
検出部により水圧を測定し、同一箇所の同一条件
下における地盤の全圧と水圧とを検出して、検出
された全圧と水圧により有効土圧成分を求める。Action: Perform the test 60cm from the desired position by boring, etc.
A thin plate-like detector is inserted into the ground at the bottom of the hole, and the total pressure is measured by the total pressure detector, and the water pressure is measured by the water pressure detector. The pressure and water pressure are detected, and the effective earth pressure component is determined from the detected total pressure and water pressure.
実施例
図において１は、肉圧ｔが５mmの薄板状の検出
体であつて、この検出体１の平板面部、即ち受圧
面部には全圧計の全圧検出部２と水圧計の水圧検
出部３とが近接して設けられている。両検出部
２，３は該受圧面部のほぼ全面に互つて設けられ
ている。全圧検出部２の面積は水圧検出部３の面
積よりも広く形成され、その面積は該受圧面部の
半分以上を占めている。該検出体１の先端には、
土をかき分けるためのテーパ部４を形成し、その
後部には、水圧変換器５と全圧変換器６を収納す
る変換器収納部７が形成され、更に該収納部７の
後部には、挿入ロツド取付部７ａが形成されてい
る。８は全圧すなわち土圧・水圧を受ける全圧受
圧板、９は水圧を導入するフイルタであり、検出
体１が土中に押入された時、全圧検出部２の全圧
受圧板８には土圧と水圧が作用し、水圧検出部３
には土圧成分が除去され、水圧がフイルタ９後部
の水圧受圧室１０に作用する。Embodiment In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a thin plate-shaped detection body with a wall pressure t of 5 mm, and the flat plate surface of this detection body 1, that is, the pressure receiving surface, has a total pressure detection part 2 of a total pressure gauge and a water pressure detection part of a water pressure gauge. 3 are provided close to each other. Both detection parts 2 and 3 are provided on almost the entire surface of the pressure receiving surface part. The area of the total pressure detection part 2 is formed larger than the area of the water pressure detection part 3, and the area occupies more than half of the pressure receiving surface part. At the tip of the detection object 1,
A tapered part 4 is formed for shoveling soil, and a transducer storage part 7 is formed at the rear of the tapered part 4 to store a water pressure transducer 5 and a total pressure transducer 6. A rod attachment portion 7a is formed. 8 is a total pressure receiving plate that receives total pressure, that is, earth pressure and water pressure; 9 is a filter that introduces water pressure; when the detection object 1 is pushed into the soil, the total pressure receiving plate 8 of the total pressure detection unit 2 is Pressure and water pressure act, water pressure detection part 3
The earth pressure component is removed, and water pressure acts on the water pressure receiving chamber 10 at the rear of the filter 9.
水圧計１１の水圧受圧室１０および全圧計１２
の全圧受圧室１３にはそれぞれケロシンなどの液
体が充填されており、水圧計用チユーブ１４およ
び全圧計用チユーブ１５によつて全圧変換器６お
よび水圧変換器５に接続され、圧力に比例した電
気信号に変換される。 Water pressure receiving chamber 10 of water pressure gauge 11 and total pressure gauge 12
Each of the total pressure receiving chambers 13 is filled with a liquid such as kerosene, and is connected to the total pressure transducer 6 and the water pressure transducer 5 through a water pressure gauge tube 14 and a total pressure gauge tube 15, and is proportional to the pressure. is converted into an electrical signal.
次に、本装置を土中に挿入した時の動作を第３
図、および第４図に基いて説明する。 Next, we will explain the operation when this device is inserted into the soil in the third step.
This will be explained based on FIG.
ボーリング等により試験を希望する深さの60cm
程度上の地盤まで削孔し、孔底地盤に本装置を挿
入ロツド１６を用いてセツトした後、原地盤１７
に本装置を押し込む。前記地盤１７には本来の測
方土圧PE0と水圧PW0が作用しているが、厚さｔ
の検出体１が押し込まれることによつて土の体積
変化が生じ、それに応じて土圧の上昇と過剰水圧
が発生する。この応力増加の挙動は、検出体１の
押し込みが終了した時点でピークに達し（第４図
ａ点）、その後は時間の経過につれて過剰水圧が
消散し、それに応じて土圧も減少し、原地盤の静
止土圧に収斂する（第４図ｂ点）。このような応
力履歴は検出体１を薄板状にしてあるため、検出
体１の受圧面部に対して直角方向に作用するの
で、原地盤の水平方向応力を正確に再現すること
ができる。 60cm of the desired depth for testing by boring etc.
After drilling a hole to a level ground level and setting this device into the bottom ground using the insertion rod 16, the original ground 17
Push the device into the The original measured earth pressure PE 0 and water pressure PW 0 are acting on the ground 17, but the thickness t
When the detection body 1 is pushed in, a change in the volume of the soil occurs, and accordingly, an increase in earth pressure and excessive water pressure occur. This behavior of stress increase reaches its peak when the pushing of the detection object 1 ends (point a in Figure 4), and after that, the excess water pressure dissipates as time passes, and the earth pressure decreases accordingly, causing the original It converges to the static earth pressure of the ground (point b in Figure 4). Since such a stress history acts in a direction perpendicular to the pressure-receiving surface of the detection body 1 since the detection body 1 is made into a thin plate, the horizontal stress of the original ground can be accurately reproduced.
この過程において、全圧計の出力は、全圧Pt
を示し、水圧計は、その位置での水圧Pwを示す
から、両者の差即ち第４図のハツチング部は、有
効土圧成分を示すことになる。 In this process, the output of the total pressure gauge is the total pressure Pt
Since the water pressure gauge shows the water pressure Pw at that position, the difference between the two, that is, the hatched part in FIG. 4, shows the effective earth pressure component.
従つて、ここに示される全圧Ptあるいは水圧
Pwの上昇、減少過程は、原地盤の応力履歴に伴
う安定過程に関する有効な情報を提供するもので
ある。測定終了後、挿入ロツド１６によつて本装
置を地上に引き上げ、さらに、測定を希望する場
合には前記手段で測定を繰り返す。 Therefore, the total pressure Pt or water pressure shown here
The process of increase and decrease of Pw provides useful information regarding the stability process associated with the stress history of the original ground. After the measurement is completed, the device is pulled up to the ground by the insertion rod 16, and if further measurement is desired, the measurement is repeated by the aforementioned means.
なお、水圧変換器５および全圧変換器６は差動
トランス、ストレンゲージ、振動弦等のような電
磁気現象を利用した変換方式あるいは光学現象を
利用した光変換方式等が用いられる。 For the water pressure converter 5 and the total pressure converter 6, a conversion method using an electromagnetic phenomenon such as a differential transformer, a strain gauge, a vibrating string, or an optical conversion method using an optical phenomenon is used.
前記実施例では、液体を用いて圧力伝達する方
式について述べたが、受圧部で直接信号変換する
方式を用いてもよい。 In the embodiment described above, a method of transmitting pressure using a liquid has been described, but a method of directly converting signals in a pressure receiving section may also be used.
また、本装置の出力は指示針（図示しない）で
読み取ることもできるが過渡応答の時間的な変化
を求めるためには、アナログレコーダ或はデイジ
タルプリンタ等を併用することが有用である。 Although the output of this device can be read with a pointer (not shown), it is useful to use an analog recorder, digital printer, etc. in order to determine temporal changes in the transient response.
発明の効果
本発明は、上記のように検出体が薄板状で、か
つ、その先端にテーパ部が形成されているので、
水平断面積が同一な方形状や円柱状の検出体に比
べて断面の周囲長さが長いため、受圧面積が大き
く、単位面積当たりの歪み量が少ない。また、テ
ーパ部が土をかき分けながら検出体を案内するの
で、土をゆるませることなく該検出体を容易に目
標位置まで押し込むことが出来る。即ち本検出体
は押し込みに適した構造であるので、周辺土の圧
縮と乱れが許容範囲内に納めることが出来る。本
発明によれば、本測定装置を地盤中に押し込んだ
時の側圧変化を直接的に検出することができると
ともに地盤本来の静止土圧を正確に類推できる。
また、静止土圧に収斂する時間が短くなるので、
計測に要する時間を短縮すると同時に、１つの測
定位置を用いて多数の測点での計測が可能とな
る。更に、水圧検出部と該水圧検出部より大きい
全圧検出部とにより受圧面部の大部分を占めてい
るので、全圧検出部が受圧面部の半分以上とな
る。そのため、平均的な圧力として検出すること
が可能となるので測定値の信頼生の向上を図るこ
とができる。ちなみにその計測時間は、１〜２日
位であり、７日位かかつた従来法の結果に比べる
と著しく短縮できる。Effects of the Invention In the present invention, as described above, the detection body is in the form of a thin plate and a tapered portion is formed at the tip thereof.
Compared to rectangular or cylindrical detection objects with the same horizontal cross-sectional area, the cross-sectional circumference is longer, so the pressure-receiving area is larger and the amount of distortion per unit area is smaller. Furthermore, since the tapered portion guides the detection object while pushing through the soil, the detection object can be easily pushed to the target position without loosening the soil. In other words, since the present detection body has a structure suitable for indentation, the compression and disturbance of the surrounding soil can be kept within the permissible range. According to the present invention, it is possible to directly detect a change in lateral pressure when the measuring device is pushed into the ground, and it is also possible to accurately estimate the original static earth pressure of the ground.
Also, since the time for convergence to static earth pressure is shorter,
This reduces the time required for measurement and at the same time allows measurements at multiple measurement points using one measurement position. Furthermore, since the water pressure detection section and the total pressure detection section, which is larger than the water pressure detection section, occupy most of the pressure receiving surface, the total pressure detection section occupies more than half of the pressure receiving surface. Therefore, since it becomes possible to detect the pressure as an average pressure, it is possible to improve the reliability of the measured value. Incidentally, the measurement time is about 1 to 2 days, which is significantly shorter than the conventional method, which takes about 7 days.
又本発明は、全圧検出部と水圧検出部とを近接
して設けたので、同一場所、同一条件、同一時刻
における全圧と水圧を測定することができる。 Further, in the present invention, since the total pressure detection section and the water pressure detection section are provided close to each other, it is possible to measure the total pressure and water pressure at the same place, under the same conditions, and at the same time.
従つて、原地盤の生の姿を反映した有効なデー
タを得るための条件を具備するので測定結果が正
確である。 Therefore, the measurement results are accurate because the conditions for obtaining valid data that reflect the raw state of the ground are met.
第２図は、本発明の実施例を示す側面図、第１
図は第２図の−線断面図、第３図は、本発明
の使用状態を示す縦断面図、第４図は、全圧と水
圧との関係を示す図である。
１……平板状検出体、２……全圧検出部、３…
…水圧検出部、４……テーパ部。
FIG. 2 is a side view showing an embodiment of the present invention;
The figure is a sectional view taken along the line -- in FIG. 2, FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view showing the state of use of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between total pressure and water pressure. 1...Flat-shaped detection object, 2...Total pressure detection part, 3...
...Water pressure detection section, 4...Tapered section.
Claims (1)
圧計の水圧検出部とを近接して設けた土圧、水圧
の原位置測定装置であつて、前記検出体が薄板城
で、かつ、その先端にテーパ部が形成され、又、
前記水圧検出部と該水圧検出部より大きい全圧検
出部とにより前記受圧面部の大部分が占められて
いることを特徴とする土圧・水圧の原位置測定装
置。1. An in-situ measuring device for earth pressure and water pressure in which a total pressure detection part of a total pressure gauge and a water pressure detection part of a water pressure gauge are provided in close proximity to the pressure receiving surface of a detection body, wherein the detection body is a thin plate castle, and , a tapered part is formed at the tip, and
An in-situ measuring device for earth pressure and water pressure, characterized in that most of the pressure receiving surface is occupied by the water pressure detection section and a total pressure detection section larger than the water pressure detection section.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21503184A JPS6193926A (en) | 1984-10-13 | 1984-10-13 | In-situ measuring device for earth pressure and water pressure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21503184A JPS6193926A (en) | 1984-10-13 | 1984-10-13 | In-situ measuring device for earth pressure and water pressure |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6193926A JPS6193926A (en) | 1986-05-12 |
| JPH0476063B2 true JPH0476063B2 (en) | 1992-12-02 |
Family
ID=16665601
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21503184A Granted JPS6193926A (en) | 1984-10-13 | 1984-10-13 | In-situ measuring device for earth pressure and water pressure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6193926A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07146193A (en) * | 1993-11-25 | 1995-06-06 | Shojiro Nakano | Multilayer gap hydraulic pressure measuring instrument |
| CN110017931B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2021-04-13 | 天津大学 | A kind of external earth pressure measuring device of shield tunnel |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS539006A (en) * | 1976-07-13 | 1978-01-27 | Toyoda Machine Works Ltd | Instruemnt for simultaneously measuring three factors* entire lateral earth pressure* effective pressure and pore water pressure at the same point |
-
1984
- 1984-10-13 JP JP21503184A patent/JPS6193926A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6193926A (en) | 1986-05-12 |
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