JPH0476421B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0476421B2 JPH0476421B2 JP14837985A JP14837985A JPH0476421B2 JP H0476421 B2 JPH0476421 B2 JP H0476421B2 JP 14837985 A JP14837985 A JP 14837985A JP 14837985 A JP14837985 A JP 14837985A JP H0476421 B2 JPH0476421 B2 JP H0476421B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- contact
- hose
- contact surface
- reflected
- waves
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
- G01L1/255—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔発明の利用分野〕
本発明は、超音波を利用して管とホーストの端
部が嵌合して接触面を形成するホース継手の接触
面の接触応力を測定する方法に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Application of the Invention] The present invention uses ultrasonic waves to measure the contact stress on the contact surface of a hose joint where the ends of a pipe and a hose fit together to form a contact surface. Regarding the method.
ここにいうホース継手は、管の端部にホースの
端部が嵌入され、その嵌合部において両者の周面
が圧着されて直接接触している状態をいい、ホー
スバンドやホースクランプ等により締結されてい
る状態を含むが、ねじ込みや管フランジを使用し
て形成する継手は含まれない。 A hose joint referred to here refers to a state in which the end of a hose is fitted into the end of a pipe, and the circumferential surfaces of the two are crimped and in direct contact at the fitting part, and are fastened with a hose band, hose clamp, etc. However, it does not include joints formed using screws or pipe flanges.
また管は、金属および非金属（ガラス、セラミ
ツククス、コンクリート、合成樹脂、木材など）
であつて、超音波が伝搬され得る物体であればよ
く、一方ホースはゴム、合成樹脂などのように弾
性の大きい物質が使用され、ホースの強度を向上
させる植物製または金属製の網層が設けられてい
てもよい。 Tubes can also be made of metal or non-metallic materials (glass, ceramics, concrete, synthetic resin, wood, etc.)
On the other hand, the hose may be made of highly elastic materials such as rubber or synthetic resin, and may include a vegetable or metal mesh layer to improve the strength of the hose. may be provided.
いろいろな産業分野の例えば機械、電気、化
学、建築構造等の装置を構成する部品または部材
相互の接触面の接触応力を知ることは、その装置
の性能ないし強度の研究をすすめる上で欠くこと
ができない重要な事項である。このため従来から
光弾性を利用する方法、感圧紙を利用する方法お
よび接触面に入射された超音波の反射波の強度を
測定する方法などが使用されてきた。しかし光弾
性を利用する方法においては合成樹脂により被検
体のモデルを製作する必要があること、感圧紙を
利用する方法においては感圧紙を接触面にあらか
じめ挟んでから締結する必要があることなどか
ら、接触応力の定量的な評価はもちろんリアルタ
イムに測定することや精度よく測定することはで
きない。前記超音波の接触面における反射波の強
度を測定する方法においても、探触子設置面の形
状、粗さのほか当接のしかたなどが、基準試験片
の場合と被検体のそれとの間で差異が避けられ
ず、測定結果にバラツキが生じ前記方法と同様の
不具合点があつた。これら従来技術の問題点を解
消する方法として本願出願人は、「超音波による
固体接触面の接触応力測定方法」（PCT／JP82／
00087）を提供した。
Knowing the contact stress on the contact surfaces of parts or members that make up equipment in various industrial fields, such as mechanical, electrical, chemical, and architectural structures, is essential for researching the performance and strength of the equipment. This is an important matter that cannot be done. For this purpose, methods that utilize photoelasticity, methods that utilize pressure-sensitive paper, and methods that measure the intensity of reflected waves of ultrasonic waves incident on the contact surface have been used. However, in the method using photoelasticity, it is necessary to make a model of the subject from synthetic resin, and in the method using pressure-sensitive paper, it is necessary to sandwich the pressure-sensitive paper between the contact surfaces before tightening. , it is not possible to quantitatively evaluate contact stress, or to measure it in real time or with high precision. In the method of measuring the intensity of reflected waves on the ultrasonic contact surface, the shape and roughness of the probe installation surface, as well as the method of contact, differ between the reference test piece and the test piece. Differences were unavoidable, resulting in variations in measurement results and the same drawbacks as in the previous method. As a method to solve these problems in the prior art, the applicant has developed a method for measuring contact stress on solid contact surfaces using ultrasonic waves (PCT/JP82/
00087) was provided.
本方法は、２つの固体の接触面に超音波を入射
させ、その超音波の前記接触面から反射される反
射波の音圧と、接触面を透過した透過波の音圧と
の双方を検出し、両者を比較して該接触面におけ
る接触応力を測定することを特徴とするものであ
る。この特徴は固体接触面の接触状態をミクロ的
に拡大した第７図で示すように、該接触面は固体
同志が直接接触する真実接触部Ｃと、空気が介在
している接触部Ｎとにより構成されているから、
接触応力が大きくなるにつれて真実接触部Ｃの突
起部がつぶされて塑性変形が進行し、真実接触部
Ｃが増加し反射に接触部Ｎは減少していく。つま
り固体接触面に入射された超音波の反射波の音圧
が次第に減少し、反対に透過波の音圧は次第に増
加していき、両者の比は接触応力が大きくなるほ
ど増大していくこととなる性質を利用するもので
ある。 This method involves injecting ultrasonic waves into the contact surfaces of two solids, and detecting both the sound pressure of the reflected waves of the ultrasonic waves that are reflected from the contact surfaces and the sound pressure of the transmitted waves that have passed through the contact surfaces. The method is characterized in that the contact stress on the contact surface is measured by comparing the two. As shown in FIG. 7, which is a microscopically enlarged view of the contact state of the solid contact surfaces, this feature is characterized by the fact that the contact surfaces have a true contact area C where solids come into direct contact with each other, and a contact area N where air is present. Because it is configured
As the contact stress increases, the protrusion of the real contact part C is crushed and plastic deformation progresses, the real contact part C increases and the contact part N decreases due to reflection. In other words, the sound pressure of the reflected wave of an ultrasonic wave incident on a solid contact surface gradually decreases, while the sound pressure of the transmitted wave gradually increases, and the ratio of the two increases as the contact stress increases. It takes advantage of the properties of
接触面から反射される反射波の音圧と接触面を
透過した透過波の音圧とを比較する具体的な方法
としては、縦波を利用する方法と横波を利用する
方法があり、これを第８図ないし第１１図に示
す。第８図は本方法の代表的な例で、固体と固
体の接触面Ｄに、固体の外表面に当接した垂
直探触子１１から超音波（縦波）を入射させ、そ
の超音波の接触面Ｄからの反射波である第１反射
波１６と、接触面Ｄを透過したのち固体の底面
から反射し再び接触面Ｄを透過した第２反射波１
７とを前記垂直探触子１１に受信させ、接続され
たＡスコープ表示のパルス反射式超音波探傷装置
（以下単に超音波探傷器という）６のCRT上に、
第１反射波１６のB1エコーおよび第２反射波１
７のP1エコーを、送信パルスの位置から固体、
の板厚t1、t2に対応するビーム路程T1、T2の位
置にほぼ同時に出現させ、B1エコートP1エコー
の高さの差Δh（単位dB）をもとめ、Δhと接触応
力（σ）との急勾配の直線の相関関係より接触応
力（σ）を求める方法である。第９図は上記第８
図に示す方法のうち、接触面Ｄを透過し固体の
底面に達する透過波１８を、固体の底面に当接
した他の垂直探触子１１′に受信させるほかは第
８図に示す方法と同じ方法である。つぎに第１０
図と第１１図は横波を利用する方法で、第１０図
は固体と固体の接触面Ｄに、固体の外表面
に当接した斜角探触子Ｑから超音波（横波）を接
触面Ｄに対し角度θで斜角入射させ、その超音波
の接触面Ｄからの反射波である第１反射波１６′
と、接触面Ｄを透過したのち固体の底面で反射
し再び接触面Ｄを透過した第２反射波１７′とを
それぞれ別の斜角探触子R1、R2に受信させ、接
続された超音波探傷器６のCRT上に第１反射波
１６′のB1エコーおよび第２反射波１７′のP1エ
コーを前記第８図に示す方法と同様に出現させて
接触応力（σ）を求める方法である。第１１図は
上記第１０図に示す方法のうち、第２反射波１
７′ではなく接触面Ｄを透過し固体の底面に達
する透過波１８′を、固体の底面に当接した斜
角探触子R2に受信させる方法で、そのほかは第
１０図に示す方法と同じ方法である。また上記し
た方法を液浸法に適用して接触応力（σ）を測定
する方法を開示されている。 Specific methods for comparing the sound pressure of the reflected wave reflected from the contact surface and the sound pressure of the transmitted wave transmitted through the contact surface include a method using longitudinal waves and a method using transverse waves. This is shown in FIGS. 8 to 11. FIG. 8 shows a typical example of this method, in which ultrasonic waves (longitudinal waves) are incident on the contact surface D between solids from a vertical probe 11 that is in contact with the outer surface of the solid, and the ultrasonic waves are A first reflected wave 16, which is a reflected wave from the contact surface D, and a second reflected wave 1, which transmitted through the contact surface D, was reflected from the bottom surface of the solid, and transmitted through the contact surface D again.
7 is received by the vertical probe 11, and displayed on the CRT of the connected A-scope display pulse reflection type ultrasonic flaw detector (hereinafter simply referred to as the ultrasonic flaw detector) 6.
B 1 echo of first reflected wave 16 and second reflected wave 1
P 1 echo of 7, solid from the position of the transmitted pulse,
The beam path lengths T 1 and T 2 corresponding to the plate thicknesses t 1 and t 2 appear almost simultaneously, and the height difference Δh (unit: dB) between the B 1 echo and the P 1 echo is determined, and Δh and the contact stress ( This is a method of determining contact stress (σ) from the correlation of a steep straight line with σ). Figure 9 is the 8th figure above.
The method shown in FIG. 8 is the same as the method shown in FIG. 8, except that the transmitted wave 18 that passes through the contact surface D and reaches the bottom surface of the solid is received by another vertical probe 11' that is in contact with the bottom surface of the solid. Same method. Next, the 10th
Figure 11 and Figure 11 show a method that uses transverse waves. Figure 10 shows a method that uses transverse waves. The first reflected wave 16' is the reflected wave from the contact surface D of the ultrasonic wave.
and the second reflected wave 17' that transmitted through the contact surface D, was reflected at the bottom of the solid, and transmitted through the contact surface D again, and were received by separate angle probes R 1 and R 2 and connected. The B 1 echo of the first reflected wave 16' and the P 1 echo of the second reflected wave 17' appear on the CRT of the ultrasonic flaw detector 6 in the same manner as shown in FIG. 8 above, and the contact stress (σ) is calculated. This is the way to find out. Figure 11 shows the second reflected wave 1 of the method shown in Figure 10 above.
The transmitted wave 18' that passes through the contact surface D instead of through the contact surface D and reaches the bottom surface of the solid body is received by the angle probe R2 that is in contact with the bottom surface of the solid body.The other method is the method shown in Figure 10. Same method. Furthermore, a method for measuring contact stress (σ) by applying the above-described method to an immersion method is disclosed.
上述した接触応力の測定方法は、それまでの前
記従来技術の問題点を解消し、固体間の接触状態
およびその状態における性質を全く変化させるこ
となく、正確な値を定量的かつ高精度に評価する
ことができる優れた効果を奏する方法であるが、
上述した測定方法においても以下に説明する問題
点を有している。すなわち上述したいずれの方法
においても接触面から反射される反射波の音圧
と、接触面を透過した透過波の音圧とを比較する
方法であるから、反射波および透過波の各音圧を
検出する必要がある。縦波を利用する第８図と第
９図において第１反射波１６および第２反射波１
７を検出するためには、接触面および底面に対し
てほぼ垂直に超音波を入射する必要があり、それ
ができない形状や寸法の探傷面および接触面を有
する固体については測定することができない。一
方横波を利用する第１０図と第１１図において
は、接触面および底面に対して超音波が斜角入射
され、接触面Ｄからの反射波１６′および接触面
透過波１７′は斜角出射されるから、測定個所の
真上に障害物があるような形状、寸法の被検体の
場合に効果的に使用されるが、この横波利用の方
法においても前記縦波利用の方法の場合と同様に
斜角入射された超音波が、検出可能な位置に反射
波および接触面透過波として斜角出射され得る形
状や寸法の探傷面、接触面および底面を有する固
体でなければ測定することができない制限をう受
ける。 The method for measuring contact stress described above solves the problems of the conventional technology and allows accurate values to be evaluated quantitatively and with high precision without changing the state of contact between solids or the properties of that state. Although it is a method that can produce excellent effects,
The measurement method described above also has the following problems. In other words, in any of the above methods, the sound pressure of the reflected wave reflected from the contact surface and the sound pressure of the transmitted wave transmitted through the contact surface are compared, so each sound pressure of the reflected wave and the transmitted wave is need to be detected. In FIGS. 8 and 9 using longitudinal waves, the first reflected wave 16 and the second reflected wave 1
In order to detect 7, it is necessary to inject ultrasonic waves almost perpendicularly to the contact surface and the bottom surface, and it is not possible to measure solid objects that have a flaw detection surface and a contact surface with shapes and dimensions that do not allow this. On the other hand, in FIGS. 10 and 11, which utilize transverse waves, ultrasonic waves are obliquely incident on the contact surface and the bottom surface, and the reflected wave 16' from the contact surface D and the contact surface transmitted wave 17' are output at an oblique angle. Therefore, it is effectively used when the object is shaped and dimensioned so that there is an obstacle directly above the measurement point, but this method using transverse waves is similar to the method using longitudinal waves described above. Measurements cannot be made unless the solid has a detection surface, contact surface, and bottom surface of a shape and size that allows ultrasonic waves incident at an oblique angle to be emitted at an oblique angle as reflected waves and waves transmitted through the contact surface at a detectable position. be subject to restrictions.
上述した測定上の制約条件を本発明の利用分野
であるホース継手について考察すると、
() 継手部は特殊な場合（例えば通過する流体
の圧力が極めて低いような場合）を除きホース
バンド或いはホースクリツプのような締結具に
よりホース管が圧着されて締結される。この締
結状態つまり管とホースとの接触面の接触応力
が適正か否かで通過する圧力流体の圧力に耐え
られるか否かが決定される。そして接触応力は
締結具の締め付けにより継手全周に発生するか
ら、締結具直下の全接触面の接触応力が測定対
象となる。しかし継手部には接触面および底面
（ホース継手の場合は管の内周面）からの反射
波および透過波を検出し得る接触子の当接場所
がなく、上述の方法は適用することができな
い。もし探触子の当接場所を設けようとするな
ら継手部の管とホースとの嵌合部が必要以上に
長くなり、不経済となるだけでなく、長すぎる
嵌合部は製作上および機能上却つて不都合とな
る。 Considering the above-mentioned measurement constraints with respect to hose joints, which is the field of application of the present invention, () The joint part is not a hose band or a hose clip except in special cases (for example, when the pressure of the fluid passing through it is extremely low). The hose pipe is crimped and fastened using a fastener such as. Whether or not the fastening state, that is, the contact stress at the contact surface between the tube and the hose is appropriate, determines whether the tube can withstand the pressure of the pressure fluid passing through it. Since contact stress is generated around the entire circumference of the joint due to tightening of the fastener, the contact stress on the entire contact surface directly under the fastener is to be measured. However, the above-mentioned method cannot be applied to the joint because there is no contact point for the contact that can detect reflected waves and transmitted waves from the contact surface and bottom surface (inner surface of the pipe in the case of hose joints). . If you try to provide a contact area for the probe, the fitting part between the pipe and the hose at the joint part will be longer than necessary, which will not only be uneconomical, but also make the fitting part that is too long difficult to manufacture and function. It would be inconvenient to have it rejected.
() 継手部を通過する流体の圧力が高い場合や
大径管で大流量などの場合には、ホースの厚さ
がホースの強度を増すための網相が増えるなど
のため厚くなる。このため振動子の大きさや周
波数などにもよるがホースの厚さ10〜20mmを越
えると、ホース外周により接触面に対して入射
された超音波は、散乱減衰のためエネルギーを
消失し反射波を検出することができなくなる。
したがつて上述の方法は適用することができな
い。() When the pressure of the fluid passing through the joint is high, or when there is a large flow rate with a large diameter pipe, the thickness of the hose increases because the network phase increases to increase the strength of the hose. Therefore, depending on the size and frequency of the vibrator, if the thickness of the hose exceeds 10 to 20 mm, the ultrasonic waves incident on the contact surface due to the outer circumference of the hose will lose energy due to scattering and attenuation, resulting in reflected waves. becomes undetectable.
Therefore, the above method cannot be applied.
() 上記（）の理由により締結具真下の接触
面の接触応力は事実上測定することができない
が、仮に嵌合部を長くして測定するとしても横
波を利用する方法になるから斜角探触子が３個
必要となり、さらに該探触子の当接の仕方、走
査の仕方など測定上の技術を要する。() Due to the reasons in () above, it is virtually impossible to measure the contact stress on the contact surface directly below the fastener, but even if the fitted part were to be lengthened and measured, the method would be to use transverse waves, so bevel angle detection would be impossible. Three probes are required, and measurement techniques such as how to contact the probes and how to scan them are required.
などの適用上の問題点を有する。There are problems in application, such as:
以上説明したように、従来の接触面の接触応力
測定方法ではホース継手の接触面の接触応力を、
接触状態を変化させることなく定量的に精度よく
容易に測定することはできない。 As explained above, the conventional method for measuring contact stress on the contact surface measures the contact stress on the contact surface of the hose joint.
It cannot be easily measured quantitatively and accurately without changing the contact state.
本発明は上記従来技術の問題点を解消し、ホー
ス継手の接触面の接触応力を、接触状態およびそ
の状態における性質を全く変化させることなく、
きわめて容易に定量的にかつ精度よく、しかもリ
アルタイムに測定することができる超音波による
ホース継手の接触応力測定方法を提供することを
目的とする。
The present invention solves the problems of the prior art described above, and reduces the contact stress on the contact surface of a hose joint without changing the contact state or the properties in that state at all.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for measuring contact stress of a hose joint using ultrasonic waves, which can be measured quantitatively, accurately, and in real time very easily.
本発明は管とホースとの端部が嵌合して形成す
るホース継手の接触面に向けて該接触面に近い管
の外周面より横波を入射し、入射した横波を繰り
返し管内を反射させながら前記接触面を経て管端
まで伝搬させ、該管の端面より反射して再び管内
の反射を繰り返しながら前記接触面を通過して得
られた反射波の音圧を評価指標として測定するこ
とにより、ホース継手の接触応力をホースバンド
或いはホースクリツプのような締結具やホースの
厚さなどに影響を受けることなく、継手部の状態
を変化させないできわめて容易に定量的にかつ精
度よく、しかもリアルタイムに測定できるように
した方法である。
In the present invention, a transverse wave is applied to the contact surface of a hose joint formed by fitting the ends of a pipe and a hose from the outer peripheral surface of the pipe near the contact surface, and the incident transverse wave is repeatedly reflected inside the pipe. By propagating through the contact surface to the end of the tube, reflecting from the end surface of the tube, and repeating reflection within the tube again, the sound pressure of the reflected wave obtained by passing through the contact surface is measured as an evaluation index. The contact stress of hose joints can be measured easily, quantitatively, accurately, and in real time without being affected by fasteners such as hose bands or hose clips, or by the thickness of the hose, and without changing the condition of the joint. This is a method that allows measurement.
本発明の実施例を第１図および第２図により説
明する。第１図は本実施例の測定方法の説明図で
ある。１は鋼管、２はラバーホースで、鋼管１の
端部がラバーホース２に嵌入され鋼管１の外周面
１ａとラバーホース２の内周面２ｂが接触して接
触面４を形成する。３はホースバンドで接触面４
のほぼ中央をラバーホース２の外周面２ａから締
結する。鋼管１とラバーホース２の嵌合部の長さ
は、一般にホースバンド３の締め付け力が接触面
４にほぼ平均におよぶ長さとしている。５は接触
面４に近接する鋼管１の外周面１ａに当接されて
いる斜角探触子で、該探触子５は超音波探傷器６
と高周波ケーブルで接続されている。７はその
CRTである。斜角探触子５から接触面４に向け
て鋼管１の外周面１ａに対し超音波（横波）を音
圧P0で斜角入射する。入射した超音波は鋼管１
内を内周面１ｂと外周面１ａとの間で繰り返し反
射しながら鋼管１の端面１ｃまで伝搬する。これ
を継手部における超音波の伝搬状態の説明図であ
る第２図により説明する。音圧P0の入射波は端
面１ｃに達するまでに接触面４通過する。そして
入射点より接触面４に到達するまでは内周面１ｂ
と外周面１ａとの間でほぼ全反射を繰り返しなが
ら伝搬するが、接触面４に入ると鋼管１とラバー
ホース２の音響インピーダンスの差によりラバー
ホース２内に１部が透過されながら反射を繰り返
し、次第に減衰して端面１ｃに達する。端面１ｃ
に達した減衰した超音波は、そこで反射し再び接
触面４を通過するが、その間接触面４において上
記の１部が透過されながら反射を繰り返す。つま
り接触面４を介して鋼管１内を反射し、その反射
波は次第に減衰して音圧Pnの反射波となり斜角
探触子５に受信される。図中点線はラバーホヘス
２内に透過した透過波、実線は鋼管１内を反射す
る反射波を示す。受信された反射波は超音波探傷
器６のCRT７上に表示されるが、表示されるエ
コーの高さは第７図で説明したように、接触応力
が大きくなるにつれて鋼管１の外周面１ａとラバ
ーホース２の内周面２ｂが直接接触している事実
接触部Ｃが増加し、反対に空気を介在した接触部
Ｎが減少して接触面４における透過量が増大しそ
れだけ減衰されて低くなる。このエコー高さの変
化はホース継手の接触応力の変化と一定の相関関
係を有している。本発明はこの相関関係を利用し
エコー高さを評価指標することにより接触応力を
測定するものである。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the measurement method of this example. Reference numeral 1 indicates a steel pipe, and reference numeral 2 indicates a rubber hose.The end of the steel pipe 1 is fitted into the rubber hose 2, and the outer peripheral surface 1a of the steel pipe 1 and the inner peripheral surface 2b of the rubber hose 2 come into contact to form a contact surface 4. 3 is the hose band and the contact surface 4
from the outer circumferential surface 2a of the rubber hose 2. Generally, the length of the fitting portion between the steel pipe 1 and the rubber hose 2 is such that the tightening force of the hose band 3 reaches approximately the average of the contact surface 4. 5 is an angle probe that is in contact with the outer peripheral surface 1a of the steel pipe 1 close to the contact surface 4, and the probe 5 is connected to an ultrasonic flaw detector 6.
and are connected by a high frequency cable. 7 is that
It is a CRT. Ultrasonic waves (transverse waves) are obliquely incident on the outer circumferential surface 1a of the steel pipe 1 from the angle probe 5 toward the contact surface 4 at a sound pressure P 0 . The incident ultrasonic wave enters the steel pipe 1
It propagates to the end surface 1c of the steel pipe 1 while being repeatedly reflected between the inner circumferential surface 1b and the outer circumferential surface 1a. This will be explained with reference to FIG. 2, which is an explanatory diagram of the propagation state of ultrasonic waves in the joint portion. The incident wave of sound pressure P 0 passes through the contact surface 4 before reaching the end surface 1c. From the point of incidence to the contact surface 4, the inner peripheral surface 1b
It propagates while repeating almost total reflection between the steel pipe 1 and the outer circumferential surface 1a, but when it enters the contact surface 4, due to the difference in acoustic impedance between the steel pipe 1 and the rubber hose 2, a part of it is transmitted into the rubber hose 2 and is repeatedly reflected. , gradually attenuates and reaches the end face 1c. End face 1c
The attenuated ultrasonic waves that have reached the contact surface 4 are reflected there and pass through the contact surface 4 again, but during this time, the above-mentioned part is transmitted through the contact surface 4 and the reflection is repeated. That is, the reflected wave is reflected within the steel pipe 1 via the contact surface 4, and the reflected wave gradually attenuates to become a reflected wave of sound pressure Pn, which is received by the angle probe 5. The dotted line in the figure shows the transmitted wave that has passed through the rubber hose 2, and the solid line shows the reflected wave that is reflected inside the steel pipe 1. The received reflected waves are displayed on the CRT 7 of the ultrasonic flaw detector 6, and as explained in FIG. The fact that the inner circumferential surface 2b of the rubber hose 2 is in direct contact increases the contact area C, and conversely the contact area N through air decreases, increasing the amount of permeation at the contact surface 4, which is attenuated and becomes lower. . This change in echo height has a certain correlation with the change in contact stress of the hose joint. The present invention utilizes this correlation to measure contact stress by using echo height as an evaluation index.
上記実施例を実際の製品について適用し、前記
相関関係を実験した例を第３図ないし第６図によ
り説明する。図において第１図および第２図と同
じ符号のものは同じものを示す。２dはラバーホ
ース２の補強のために外周に巻かれた網層であ
る。鋼管１の外径ａ＝10mm、内径ｂ＝８mm（管厚
は１mm）、ラバーホース２の外径ｃ＝18mm、内径
ｄ＝10mm、網層２dの内径（ラバー部の外径）ｅ
＝15mm、斜角探触子５の超音波入射点から端面１
ｃまでの距離ｆ＝35mmで、斜角探触子５は振動子
直径6.35mm（0.25インチ）、入射角45°、周波数5M
Hzである。ホースバンド３による締め付け力を変
化させ、前記第１図および第２図で説明した方法
により接触応力と反射波Poのエコー高さとの関
係を求めると第４図が得られた。図の横軸は継手
部の接触応力（σ）の対数値単位Kg／mm2、縦軸は
反射波Poのエコー高さ(h)単位dBで、OdBを基準
感度とする。〇印は実験値である。実験値を最小
２乗法にて回帰式を求めると、
ｈ＝−10（logσ＋１） ……(1)
となり、第４図に示す直線となる。また式(1)は、
に変形される。このように接触応力（σ）と反射
波の音圧Poのエコー高さとには第４図に示すよ
うな対数で直線の相関関係が成立し、この回帰式
を用いて反射波の音圧Poより接触応力（σ）を
容易に求めることができる。 An example of applying the above embodiment to an actual product and experimenting with the above correlation will be explained with reference to FIGS. 3 to 6. In the figures, the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 1 and 2 indicate the same things. 2 d is a net layer wrapped around the outer circumference of the rubber hose 2 for reinforcement. Steel pipe 1 outer diameter a = 10 mm, inner diameter b = 8 mm (pipe thickness is 1 mm), rubber hose 2 outer diameter c = 18 mm, inner diameter d = 10 mm, inner diameter of mesh layer 2 d (outer diameter of rubber part) e
= 15mm, end face 1 from the ultrasonic incidence point of angle probe 5
The distance to c is f = 35 mm, the angle probe 5 has a transducer diameter of 6.35 mm (0.25 inch), an incident angle of 45°, and a frequency of 5 M.
It is Hz. When the tightening force of the hose band 3 was varied and the relationship between the contact stress and the echo height of the reflected wave P o was determined by the method explained in FIGS. 1 and 2 above, the relationship shown in FIG. 4 was obtained. The horizontal axis of the figure is the logarithmic value of the contact stress (σ) at the joint (σ) in Kg/mm 2 , and the vertical axis is the echo height (h) of the reflected wave P o in dB, with OdB being the reference sensitivity. ○ marks are experimental values. When a regression equation is obtained from the experimental values using the least squares method, h=-10(logσ+1)...(1), resulting in the straight line shown in Figure 4. Also, formula (1) is transformed into. In this way, there is a logarithmic linear correlation between the contact stress (σ) and the echo height of the sound pressure P o of the reflected wave as shown in Figure 4, and using this regression equation, the sound pressure of the reflected wave can be calculated as follows: Contact stress (σ) can be easily determined from P o .
前記実験で求めた回帰式を用いて第３図に示す
ホース継手の接触応力を求めた結果を第５図に示
す。図中のないしは測定位置で、第３図の
−断面図である第６図に示すないしと対応
する。また図中の数字は接触応力（単位Kg／mm2）
の値を示す。この円周45°ピツチの８ケ所の測定
値の〇印を実線で結ぶと、ほぼ左右対称形の星形
グラフができ、測定位置を中心に左右45°の
およびが最大値に、反対側が最小値になるこ
とが判る。この星形グラフは測定位置を増すこと
によりそれだけ測定精度は向上するが、図に示す
８ケ所或いは、を除く６ケ所を測定すること
でも十分所望の精度は得られる。また測定位置の
移動は斜角探触子５が１個だけで取り扱いが容易
なことからホヘース継手を回転させて行つても、
斜角探触子の方を移動させて行つてもよい。した
がつて前記ないしのような特定箇所を測定す
るだけでなく全周を連続的に測定することもでき
るから、ホースバンドやホースクリツプの形式や
ホースの厚さなどには一切影響を受けないで極め
て短時間に測定することができる特徴を有する。
さらに第４図または第５図を使用して各種形式、
寸法のホース継手に対する締結具の締め付け力の
値の作業基準を設けておくことにより、ホース継
手の品質が統一されるとともに、接触応力の経年
変合をもリアルタイムに測定することができる。 FIG. 5 shows the results of determining the contact stress of the hose joint shown in FIG. 3 using the regression equation determined in the experiment. The measurement positions in the figure correspond to those shown in FIG. 6, which is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 3. Also, the numbers in the figure are contact stress (unit: Kg/mm 2 )
indicates the value of If you connect the ○ marks of the measured values at 8 locations with a 45° pitch around the circumference with a solid line, a nearly symmetrical star graph will be created, with the maximum value at 45° left and right around the measurement position, and the minimum value at the opposite side. It turns out to be a value. In this star graph, the measurement accuracy improves as the number of measurement positions increases, but the desired accuracy can also be obtained by measuring at eight locations shown in the figure or at six locations other than the one shown in the figure. In addition, the measurement position can be moved by rotating the Hohes joint, since there is only one bevel probe 5 and it is easy to handle.
This may be done by moving the angle probe. Therefore, it is not only possible to measure specific points such as those mentioned above, but also to continuously measure the entire circumference, so it is not affected by the type of hose band or hose clip or the thickness of the hose. It has the characteristic of being able to perform measurements in an extremely short period of time.
Furthermore, using Figure 4 or Figure 5, various formats,
By establishing work standards for the value of the tightening force of fasteners for hose joints of different dimensions, the quality of hose joints can be standardized, and changes in contact stress over time can also be measured in real time.
以上説明したように本発明は、管とホースで形
成されるホース継手の接触面に対し管外周から横
波を入射し、その横波を前記接触面を介して管内
を反射させ、その反射波の音圧を評価指標として
ホース継手の接触応力を測定するようにしたか
ら、継手部の接触状態およびその状態における性
質を全く変化させることなく、きわめて容易に定
量的にかつ精度よく、しかもリアルタイムに測定
することができる優れた実用上の効果を有する。
As explained above, the present invention injects a transverse wave from the outer periphery of the pipe into the contact surface of a hose joint formed by a pipe and a hose, reflects the transverse wave inside the pipe via the contact surface, and makes noise of the reflected wave. Since the contact stress of hose joints is measured using pressure as an evaluation index, it can be measured very easily, quantitatively, accurately, and in real time without changing the contact state of the joint or the properties of that state at all. It has excellent practical effects.
第１図ないし第６図は本発明の測定方法に係わ
る図で、第１図は本発明の実施例における説明
図、第２図は継手部における超音波の伝搬状態を
説明する図、第３図は実際の製品について行つた
接触応力と反射波のエコー高さとの相関関係の実
験例の説明図、第４図は第３図に示す実験により
得られた相関を示す図、第５図は第４図の実験結
果を用いて求めた接触応力の測定値を示すグラ
フ、第６図は第３図の−断面図で、測定位置
を示す図である。第７図は固体接触面の接触状態
をミクロ的に拡大して模式的に示す図である。第
８図ないし第１１図は従来の超音波を利用して固
体接触面の接触応力を測定する方法（PCT／
JP82／00087）の説明図で、第８図は縦波を利用
して１探触子で測定する方法、第９図は同じく縦
波を利用して２探触子で測定する方法、第１０図
は横波を利用する方法で全探触子を探傷面に当接
する方法、第１１図は同じく横波を利用する方法
で透過波を底面で受信させる方法である。
１……鋼管、１ａ……外周面、１ｂ……内周
面、１ｃ……端面、２……ラバーホース、２ａ…
…外周面、２ｂ……内周面、３……ホースバン
ド、４，Ｄ……接触面、５……斜角探触子、６…
…超音波探傷器、７……CRT。
1 to 6 are diagrams related to the measurement method of the present invention, where FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the propagation state of ultrasonic waves in a joint, The figure is an explanatory diagram of an experimental example of the correlation between the contact stress and the echo height of the reflected wave conducted on an actual product, Figure 4 is a diagram showing the correlation obtained from the experiment shown in Figure 3, and Figure 5 is FIG. 4 is a graph showing the measured values of contact stress obtained using the experimental results, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken from FIG. 3, showing the measurement position. FIG. 7 is a microscopically enlarged view schematically showing the contact state of the solid contact surface. Figures 8 to 11 show a conventional method (PCT/
JP82/00087), Fig. 8 shows a method of measuring with one probe using longitudinal waves, Fig. 9 shows a method of measuring with two probes using longitudinal waves, and Fig. 10 shows a method of measuring with two probes using longitudinal waves. The figure shows a method using transverse waves in which all the probes are brought into contact with the flaw detection surface, and FIG. 11 shows a method in which transmitted waves are received at the bottom surface using transverse waves as well. 1... Steel pipe, 1a... Outer peripheral surface, 1b... Inner circumferential surface, 1c... End surface, 2... Rubber hose, 2a...
...outer circumferential surface, 2b...inner circumferential surface, 3...hose band, 4, D...contact surface, 5...bevel probe, 6...
...Ultrasonic flaw detector, 7...CRT.
Claims (1)
端部の外周面との接触面の接触応力を、超音波を
利用して測定するホース継手の接触応力の測定方
法であつて、前記接触面に向けて該接触面に近い
管の外周面より横波を入射し、入射した横波を繰
り返し管内を反射させながら前記接触面を経て管
端まで伝搬させ、該管の端面より反射して再び管
内の反射を繰り返しながら前記接触面を通過して
得られた反射波の音圧を評価指標として測定する
超音波によるホース継手の接触応力測定方法。1. A method for measuring the contact stress of a hose joint, in which the contact stress of the contact surface between the inner circumferential surface of the hose end and the outer circumferential surface of the tube end in the hose joint is measured using ultrasonic waves. A transverse wave is incident on the outer peripheral surface of the tube near the contact surface, and the incident transverse wave is repeatedly reflected inside the tube and propagated through the contact surface to the tube end, and is reflected from the end surface of the tube and returns to the inside of the tube. A contact stress measuring method for a hose joint using ultrasonic waves, which measures the sound pressure of a reflected wave obtained by passing through the contact surface while repeating reflection as an evaluation index.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14837985A JPS629241A (en) | 1985-07-08 | 1985-07-08 | Ultrasonic measuring method for contact stress of hose joint |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14837985A JPS629241A (en) | 1985-07-08 | 1985-07-08 | Ultrasonic measuring method for contact stress of hose joint |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS629241A JPS629241A (en) | 1987-01-17 |
| JPH0476421B2 true JPH0476421B2 (en) | 1992-12-03 |
Family
ID=15451444
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14837985A Granted JPS629241A (en) | 1985-07-08 | 1985-07-08 | Ultrasonic measuring method for contact stress of hose joint |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS629241A (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4739355A (en) * | 1986-09-20 | 1988-04-19 | Copal Company Limited | Focal plane shutter |
| WO1989001138A1 (en) * | 1987-07-30 | 1989-02-09 | Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. | Method of measuring contact stress with ultrasonic wave |
| GB8722637D0 (en) * | 1987-09-25 | 1987-11-04 | For Frontier Eng Research Cent | Measurement of contact pressure |
| JPH0752131B2 (en) * | 1989-08-18 | 1995-06-05 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Fitting stress detection method for double pipe |
| JPH0752132B2 (en) * | 1990-07-16 | 1995-06-05 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Double pipe fitting stress detector |
| CN109283041B (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2020-05-19 | 大连理工大学 | Experimental device and experimental method for measuring ultimate contact stress of connected piece in bolt node |
| CN110296790A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-10-01 | 陕西创威科技有限公司 | A kind of non-intervention type on-line calibration method based on ultrasonic technique |
-
1985
- 1985-07-08 JP JP14837985A patent/JPS629241A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS629241A (en) | 1987-01-17 |
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