JPH0481462B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a drilling tool for dental treatment, and particularly to a drilling tool suitable for embedding an artificial tooth root in a jawbone.

[Conventional technology]

In recent years, in the field of dentistry, a treatment method has been considered in which artificial tooth roots are implanted in place of fallen or extracted teeth to restore masticatory function. Usually, an artificial tooth root is physically fixed (generally referred to as initial fixation) by surgically forming a groove or hole in the patient's jawbone and inserting it into the groove or hole.
A drill is typically used to drill a groove or hole in the jawbone. This drill is attached to a dental engine and drills into the jawbone under water injection.

However, at present, treatment methods using artificial tooth roots are only performed in extremely limited medical institutions. This is due to the fact that treatment with artificial tooth roots requires advanced surgical techniques.
In surgery, the above-mentioned initial fixation is particularly important. If the initial fixation at the time of implantation is not complete, the movement of the artificial tooth root will be amplified due to occlusal pressure, that is, the pressure when biting with the teeth and the pressure of the tongue, and eventually the artificial tooth root will deteriorate. This results in the tooth root falling out.

In order to achieve the above initial fixation completely, it is necessary to precisely drill a hole that is slightly (about 0.1 mm) smaller than the diameter of the artificial tooth root, and insert the artificial tooth root there using the elasticity of the bone. However, in reality, there are engine shaft shakes, operator hand shakes, patient movements, etc., and there are spatial constraints within the oral cavity.
Accurate drilling is difficult.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

Various types of drilling tools for implanting artificial tooth roots are known. In the case of a spiral drill-like drilling tool, the hole is first drilled with a small diameter tool, and then the hole diameter is enlarged with a larger diameter tool. Such a drilling tool can relatively easily drill holes up to about 3 mm, but for holes larger than that, the patient's implant and the engine are not fixed when drilling, so The cutting edge tends to vibrate, making it impossible to drill with high precision. Furthermore, if the tool is tilted due to camera shake or the like during drilling, there is a drawback that the hole diameter will be enlarged because the blade is also attached to the side surface. In addition, since it is necessary to replace several drills and perform the same number of drilling operations, there is a high possibility of failure.

Furthermore, a drilling tool is known from Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 60-13113, in which the blade is formed into a cylindrical shape and a tooth-shaped blade is provided on the lower end surface of the blade. This tool cuts while leaving the core of the jawbone in the center, so the presence of the core suppresses the vibration of the blade.
Even relatively large-diameter holes can be drilled with high precision. However, the frictional heat generated by the serrated blade is large, and the cooling effect of water injection is also small, so there is a risk of thermal necrosis of living tissue. .

An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and drawbacks and to provide a drilling tool suitable for implanting an artificial tooth root.

[Means for solving problems]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a dental drilling tool that includes a support shaft mounted on a dental engine, a blade body having a plurality of blade-like members, and a protrusion having a circular cross section provided at the tip. The blade part is formed only on the end face on the tip side of the blade body, and the side part of the blade body is formed so that the diameter becomes smaller from the tip side of the blade body toward the spindle part side. shall be.

Here, it is convenient to provide a small diameter portion between the protrusion at the tip and the blade body. Furthermore, it is advantageous to form a groove in the support shaft that connects to the bottom of the space between the wing-like members.

[Effect]

The drilling tool of the present invention inserts the protrusion at the tip into a pre-drilled small-diameter hole and rotates using the hole as a guide, so vibration of the blade is prevented. Moreover, since there is a space between the blade-like members that passes from the tip of the blade toward the spindle, chips are efficiently discharged toward the spindle. In addition, the blade has a blade only on the end face on the tip side, and the diameter of the side of the blade decreases from the tip of the blade toward the spindle, which prevents the hole from expanding due to tilting of the tool. be done. In addition, cutting resistance is reduced by this diameter reduction, and accordingly, generation of frictional heat is also suppressed to a minimum.

〔Example〕

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The dental drilling tool of this embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes a support shaft 1 to be attached to a dental engine (not shown), a blade 3 having a plurality of blade-like members 2, and a blade provided at the tip. the protrusion 4 and the protrusion 4
and a small diameter portion 5 that connects the blade body 3.

The protrusion 4 serves to guide the drilling tool along a hole (2.0 mm in this example) that has been accurately drilled in advance with a drill, etc., and its diameter is equal to that of the hole that has been accurately drilled with the drill. The diameter may be the same as the diameter or slightly smaller, and in this example, it is 1.95 mm. The shape of the protrusion 4 is not limited to the illustrated shape, as long as the axial cross section (cross section perpendicular to the axis) is circular, such as a round rod shape or a hemispherical tip.

By forming the small diameter portion 5 between the protrusion 4 and the blade body 3, the blade portion 6 provided on the tip side end surface of the blade-like member 2 can be directed radially inward and beyond the diameter of the protrusion 4. It can be formed up to the vicinity of the protrusion 4 (see FIG. 2).

The blade body 3 has a blade portion 6 only on the end face on the tip side of the blade-like member 2, and no blade is attached to the side portion 7 of the blade body 3, that is, the circumferential surface of the blade-like member. This blade part 6 is the first
As shown in the figure, they are each inclined in the same direction with respect to the central axis of the drilling tool. The diameter of the blade body 3 decreases from the tip side toward the spindle portion 1 side. Due to this diameter reduction, even if the tool is tilted during drilling, the side portion 7 of the blade body 3 (excluding the boundary portion with the blade portion 6) does not come into contact with the jawbone, so the hole does not become large.
Further, since the blade body 3 contacts the jawbone only with the blade portion 6 on the distal end side, the contact area is small, and thermal necrosis of the living tissue can be prevented. The degree of diameter reduction is determined by the inclination angle θ = 1 to 15° (approximately 2° in this example).
It has been selected to be.

The number of wing-like members 2 may be three or more, but
In order to reduce vibration during drilling, it is desirable to use 4 to 8 pieces, and in this example, 6 pieces.
It has become one piece. The corner 8 of the wing-like member 2 on the side of the support shaft 1 is chamfered (R) to prevent the tool from getting caught when removing the tool from the jawbone after drilling.
surface processing). The space between the blade-like members 2 having a substantially V-shaped cross section functions to guide chips cut by the blade portion 6 toward the support shaft portion 1 side. In order to further improve the evacuation of chips, a groove 9 is formed in the support shaft portion 1, which substantially connects to the bottom of the V-shaped space. This groove is shaped like the tip of a sword.

The support shaft part 1 has a circumferential groove 10 as a mark indicating the drilling depth.
and a dental engine mounting part 11.

The materials of the above-mentioned drilling tools include, for example, stainless steel (SUS420J2, SUS440C), cemented carbide (tungsten carbide), and alloy tool steel (JIS G4404-1983).
etc.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the drilling tool for dental treatment of the present invention, the protrusion at the tip of the tool is inserted into a pre-drilled small diameter hole, and the tool rotates using the hole as a guide, so the blade does not shake and is accurate. and can be drilled safely. Furthermore, since there is no blade on the side of the blade, and the diameter is reduced from the tip toward the spindle, even if the tool is tilted due to camera shake, the hole diameter will not be enlarged. In addition, since a space is formed between the blade-like members of the blade from the tip of the blade toward the spindle, chips can easily and efficiently escape toward the spindle. You can dig deep.
Further, the cutting resistance is reduced by reducing the diameter of the blade and forming the space, so that even a dental engine with a weak rotational torque can perform drilling. Further, since only the blade portion on the distal end surface of the blade body comes into contact with the jawbone, the contact area is small, and therefore thermal necrosis of the living tissue can be prevented. As mentioned above, it is possible to significantly reduce the problems caused by the drilling tool during the drilling work for artificial tooth root implantation, making the surgery easier and contributing to the spread of treatment methods using artificial tooth roots. can do.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a drilling tool according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a right side view of FIG. 1. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1...Spindle part, 2...Blade-like member, 3...Blade body, 4...Protrusion part, 5...Small diameter part, 6...Blade part,
7... Side part of the blade body, 8... Corner part of the blade body, 9...
Groove, 10... Circumferential groove, 11... Engine mounting part.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A support shaft mounted on a dental engine, a blade body having a plurality of blade-like members, and a protrusion with a circular cross section provided at the tip, the tip side of the blade body A drilling tool for dental treatment, characterized in that a blade is formed only on the end face of the blade, and the side part of the blade is formed such that the diameter decreases from the tip of the blade toward the spindle.