JPH0481685B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to an incineration device for combustible waste such as kitchen garbage and waste paper generated at home or in business.

BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, waste incinerators include a mechanical processing device called a disposer and an incinerator that uses gas fuel or liquid fuel. The former uses a rotating blade to crush food waste and disposes of it into the sewer system, while the latter uses a burner to combust fuel and use the heat to incinerate the food waste. Another new proposal is a waste incinerator equipped with a magnetron.
This heats food waste using high frequency waves and incinerates it.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention These conventional waste incinerators have the following problems.

Although disposers mechanically dispose of food waste in small pieces, the wastewater contains a large amount of solids, which can clog sewers and has become a major social problem.

The method of incinerating food waste using fuel has the disadvantage that the equipment is complicated and large.

Further, although the conventional waste incinerator equipped with a magnetron does not have the above-mentioned sewage problems or drawbacks such as being large, there are still some insufficiencies in its construction.

In particular, in this method, although it was possible to dry the garbage using the high frequency waves of the magnetron, it was difficult to ignite the garbage. For this reason, a dielectric material such as SiC (which absorbs radio waves and becomes hot) was used to create an ignition source. However, if such items were placed in garbage and landed in water, there was a problem in that they were likely to explode and ignite. Because in such a configuration,
Radio waves are absorbed by a dielectric material, and the heat generated by the dielectric material carbonizes the garbage.The carbonized portion is sparked by electric waves and starts combustion, but this discharge does not cause the decomposition of the garbage. As the combustion progressed, it became more intense, and had a tendency to ignite and explode when the entire combustion chamber was filled with concentrated decomposed gas. This tendency was particularly noticeable in the case of waste incineration, where the increase in spark intensity tends to be delayed as decomposition progresses.

Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a primary combustion chamber for storing waste, a means for supplying air for combustion to the primary combustion chamber, and a means for supplying combustion air to the primary combustion chamber. a high frequency generation source connected through a wave tube, a secondary combustion chamber provided downstream of the primary combustion chamber, an ignition means provided in the secondary combustion chamber, a combustion air supply hole, and the primary combustion chamber. A radio wave shielding plate is provided between the combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber, and the gas decomposed in the primary combustion chamber is forcibly ignited in the secondary combustion chamber.

Function In this configuration of the present invention, the radio wave absorber absorbs radio waves, and the heat generated by the radio wave absorber causes the radio waves to be absorbed by the radio wave absorber.
Decomposes and carbonizes food waste. Decomposition proceeds gradually after the moisture in the food waste disappears, but the decomposed gas is reliably ignited by forced ignition means in the secondary combustion chamber. Therefore, when the combustion chamber reaches a combustible gas concentration, ignition is ensured, so there is no ignition delay as in the conventional example, and no explosive ignition occurs.

Furthermore, the radio waves in the primary combustion chamber are shielded by a shielding plate and do not propagate to the secondary chamber, but the gas generated in the primary combustion chamber enters the secondary chamber through the passage hole opened here.

Embodiment The figure is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is the primary combustion chamber. Primary combustion chamber 1
A food waste entrance door 2 is provided at the front of the container.
Garbage is placed in a tray 3 provided in the primary combustion chamber 1. A part of this tray 3 is provided with a radio wave absorber 4 such as silicon carbide. Further, the opening 5 in the side wall of the primary combustion chamber 1 communicates with the oscillating part of the magnetron 6 through a waveguide 7.

In addition, primary air holes 8 are provided on the other side wall of the primary combustion chamber.
is provided. Combustion air is supplied to the primary air hole 8 by a blower 9 and a damper 10.

Upstream of the primary combustion chamber 1 is a secondary combustion chamber 12 having an igniter 11 , and the primary combustion chamber 1 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 are partitioned off by a shielding plate 13 . The gas passage hole 14 opened in the shielding plate 13 is a small hole through which radio waves do not pass.

A secondary combustion hole 15 is provided in the side wall of this secondary combustion chamber 13.
is being made. Combustion air is sent to this secondary combustion hole from the blower 9. An exhaust gas purifying filter 16, a catalyst 17, a heater 18, an exhaust hole 19, and an exhaust dilution section 20 are placed downstream of the secondary combustion chamber 12.

The operation of the present invention configured as described above will be explained below. The garbage set in the tray 3 of the primary combustion chamber 1 is disposed of by transmitting electricity from the magnetron 6, operating the blower 9,
Then, drying is started by energizing the heater 18. The 2450MHz microwave takes the waveguide 7 and passes through the radio wave transparent insulation material to the primary combustion chamber 1.
is emitted and creates a high electric field inside. Since the radio waves are reflected by the metal walls of the combustion chamber 1, most of them are absorbed by the moisture in the garbage. As a result, food waste dries quickly. At the same time, as the garbage continues to dry, the radio wave absorber 4 begins to absorb radio waves and becomes hotter.
The garbage is decomposed by the high heat of the radio wave absorber 4 and generates gas. As the generation of this gas increases, the garbage becomes carbonized. If the local gas concentration in the discharge area happens to be such that it is easy to ignite, it will ignite smoothly, but if it ignites after the entire combustion chamber is filled with gas, it will result in explosive ignition. However, in the present invention, in order to eliminate such problems, the primary combustion chamber 1
The igniter 11 installed in the secondary combustion chamber 12 is used to forcefully ignite the combustion chamber, rather than using an unreliable electric discharge caused by radio waves.

In this method, when the gas concentration in the secondary combustion chamber 12 gradually increases and becomes flammable gas, the igniter 11
ignites smoothly. Since the concentration at the time of ignition is not too high, explosive ignition as described above will not occur.

Furthermore, the ignition fire in the secondary combustion chamber 12 is caused by the shielding plate 13.
Since the gas in the primary combustion chamber 1 is smoothly ignited through the passage hole 14, no large explosion occurs in the primary combustion chamber 1. The amount of primary air supplied to this primary combustion chamber 1 is smaller than that of secondary air, and is set so that there is no fire in the primary combustion chamber 1, or even if there is a fire, it is extremely small.

This is because dense gas flows quickly into the secondary combustion chamber 12, which speeds up ignition and makes it easier to control the amount of combustion. In other words, assuming that the garbage in the primary combustion chamber 1 is not directly affected by the heat of the fire,
The amount of decomposition, that is, the amount of combustion can be controlled only by controlling the radio wave intensity. This prevents excessive combustion and prevents incomplete combustion due to lack of air. Naturally, the purification catalyst 17 is also capable of sufficiently purifying unburned components using excess oxygen.

The exhaust gas combusted in such a secondary combustion chamber 12 is filtered to remove unburned solids and ash in a downstream filter 16, and then further downstream to be purified by a purification catalyst 17 which has been heated in advance by a heater 18. The unburned components of the gas, especially hydrocarbon gases, are purified. After the combustion of the decomposed gas described above is completed, the vaporized components of the garbage disappear and carbon and ash remain. Such carbon, which is difficult to burn, is completely burned out mainly by the force of the discharge spark. In other words, carbon, which is a good conductor of electricity, receives radio waves and starts discharging, making combustion stronger.
At this stage, the amount of primary air is increased to promote the combustion of carbon.

At this stage, the unburned matter in the filter 16 is gradually oxidized by the excess and high temperature air.

After the combustion air leaves the blower 9, it is divided into two blowing paths, one of which becomes primary air, and the other of which flows through the air supply chamber 21 while receiving heat from the combustion chamber and enters through the secondary combustion hole 15. This high-temperature combustion air promotes the combustion of food waste and achieves complete combustion. A part of this heated combustion air enters the dilution section 20 as dilution air and dilutes the exhaust gas. This prevents moisture in the exhaust from condensing in the exhaust pipe.

Effects of the Invention In the device of the present invention, ignition occurs reliably when the combustion chamber reaches a combustible gas concentration, so there is no ignition delay as in the conventional example, and no explosion sound occurs. Furthermore, since the fuel ignites quickly, smoke generation before ignition disappears quickly, and the amount of combustion can be easily controlled.

That is, since the food waste in the primary combustion chamber is not directly affected by the heat of the fire in the secondary combustion chamber where the main combustion occurs, the amount of decomposition, that is, the amount of combustion, can be controlled only by controlling the radio wave intensity. This prevents excessive combustion and prevents incomplete combustion due to lack of air.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The figure is a sectional view showing a waste incinerator according to an embodiment of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Primary combustion chamber, 6... Transmission part, 11... Igniter, 12... Secondary combustion chamber, 13... Shielding plate.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A primary combustion chamber for storing waste, a means for supplying combustion air to the primary combustion chamber, a high frequency generation source connected to the primary combustion chamber through a waveguide, and a high frequency generation source downstream of the primary combustion chamber. a secondary combustion chamber provided, an ignition means and a combustion air supply hole provided in the secondary combustion chamber, a radio wave shielding plate provided between the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber, and the A waste incinerator comprising a radio wave shielding plate and a gas passage hole opening in the radio wave shielding plate.