JPH049835B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a lubricating oil suitable for cold plastic working of aluminum alloys and a plastic working method. [Conventional technology] Aluminum or aluminum alloys are used for home appliances, daily necessities, etc. because they are lightweight and have good appearance quality.
It is widely used as a variety of structural parts in automobiles, communication equipment, optical devices, etc. Many of these parts are manufactured using highly productive plastic working methods. Cold working, which has great advantages in terms of economy and dimensional accuracy, is becoming mainstream. Many of these processed products are produced by processing methods such as drawing, ironing, drawing, extrusion, and upsetting. Conventionally, lubricating oils for processing aluminum or aluminum alloys have been based on mineral oils, synthetic oils, and other base oils, as well as oiliness improvers such as fatty acids and higher alcohols, as described in "Petroleum Product Additives" published by Kosho. , tricresyl phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, extreme pressure agents such as chlorinated fats and oils, or solid lubricants such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide, or water-based lubricating oils containing water. ing. These lubricating oils have a certain reputation for being used in rolling and drawing processes with a small amount of plastic deformation (processing rate of about 20% or less). The amount of plastic deformation is larger than the above (about 30% processing rate), high pressure and high temperature occur on the machined surface, and the appearance of new surfaces is large.It is used as a lubricant for ironing and drawing processes.
No. 36303 is mentioned. This lubricating oil is a mixture of mineral oil and diphosphoric acid ester of polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether, saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, higher alcohol, and metal soap. A well-known method of lubrication for machining parts that require higher processing rates is to apply a chemical conversion film such as hydrogen silicate to the surface of the workpiece, and then form a film of metal soap or solid lubricant. A cold working method is known, but there is a problem in that a chemical conversion film must be formed. [Problems to be solved by the invention] Conventional lubricating oils have problems such as linear marks, peeling, cracking, etc. occurring on the product surface when the processing rate exceeds 35%, as well as poor dimensional accuracy. . on the other hand,
Materials treated with a chemical conversion coating or a metal soap coating on the surface of the material have excellent anti-seizure properties, but a gray coating remains on the surface of the product, and the luster characteristic of aluminum cannot be obtained. Furthermore, there are many processing steps, and a great deal of cost and labor is required for the management and handling of the processing liquid, waste liquid treatment, etc. A first object of the present invention is to provide a processing lubricant that has a high processing rate in cold plastic processing of aluminum alloys. The second purpose is especially for age hardening type (precipitation hardening type)
An object of the present invention is to provide a processing lubricant that is effective for cold plastic working of aluminum alloys. A third object is to provide a lubrication method using the above lubricating oil. [Means for Solving the Problems] The lubricating oil for aluminum cold working of the present invention is a mixture of the following compositions [A] [B] or [A] [B] [C]. [A] (a) Polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphoric acid diester with the following general formula or (b) Polyoxyalkylene alkylphenyl ether phosphoric acid diester with the following general formula: (However, R ₁ and R ₂ are alkyl groups with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and R ₃ and R ₄ are alkyl groups with 8 to 9 carbon atoms.
phenylalkyl group, R' is a lower alkylene group, the number of added moles represented by m, n, q, r is m+n, q+r is 2 to 15, more preferably 4 to 10) (c) Phosphone of the following general formula acid ester (However, R, R″ are lower alkyl groups, n is 0
or 1, and when n is 1, R'' is OH) 3% by weight or more [B] General formula RCONHCH ₂ CH ₂ NHCOR ...(4) (However, R is saturated or unsaturated with 12 to 22 carbon atoms 2 to 15 of N,N'-ethylenebis acid amide with an average particle size of 1 μm or more and a melting point of 100°C or more, represented by (fatty acid residues)
Weight% [C] Lubricating oil with a viscosity of 5 mm ² /s or more (at 40°C). In [A] above, examples of those represented by formula (1) include polyoxyethylene lauryl ether phosphoric diester, polyoxyethylene dodecyl ether phosphoric diester, polyoxyethylene palmityl ether phosphoric diester, and polyoxyethylene stearyl ether phosphoric diester. , polyoxyethylene oleyl ether phosphoric acid diester, etc. Further, as those represented by formula (2), there are, for example, polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether phosphoric acid diester, polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether phosphoric acid diester, and the like. In addition, the phosphoric acid diesters represented by formulas (1) and (2) are
Even if it contains a mono- or triester, there is no problem as long as the main component is a diester. Examples of the compound represented by formula (3) include 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester, di-2-ethylhexyl-2-ethylhexylphosphonate, and dibutybutylphosphonate. If the amount of the above formula [A] is less than 3% by weight, a sufficient lubricating film cannot be formed. In addition, since the hardening effect on plastic working is saturated at about 20% by weight,
Addition of more than that would be practically wasteful. In [B] above, R is represented by formula (4) such as lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oxstearic acid, behenic acid, oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, octadecadienoic acid, etc. N,N'-ethylenebis acid amide is mentioned. These are preferably added in an amount of 2 to 15% by weight. Note that a sufficient lubricating effect cannot be obtained unless the average particle size of the above-mentioned N,N'-ethylenebis acid amide is 1 μm or more. For example, when a tape cylinder used for a video tape recorder is plastically worked at a processing rate of about 40% and a processing rate of 30 pieces/minute, the mold temperature will be 50 to 60°C.
If the mold life at this time is 50,000 pieces, the powder particle size is
It is necessary that the thickness is 2 μm or more. From the above, it is estimated that in order to perform plastic working with a processing rate of 35% or more, the particle size of the powder needs to be 1 μm or more. In addition, if the above powder has a melting point of less than 100℃,
Similar to the above, a sufficient lubrication effect cannot be expected. As the lubricating oil [C], not only mineral oil but also synthetic oils such as poly-α-olefin oil, ester oil, polybutene oil, polyphenyl ether oil, etc. can be used. However, as such lubricants,
The viscosity is preferably 5 mm ² /s or more, preferably 10 mm ² /s or more. In the present invention, the [A] and [B] components alone may be used, but by using lubricating oil in combination, the [A] and [B] components adhering to the aluminum surface after processing can be removed. This has the effect of making it easier to peel off, making it easier to plate and color processed products. Furthermore, when used in combination with the above-mentioned [A] and [B] components in an amount of 100% by weight, the lubricating effect during plastic working is not reduced, which is advantageous from an economic point of view. Furthermore, since it can be in a liquid state at room temperature, it is also excellent in terms of workability. Next, the method for producing the lubricating oil of the present invention will be described. The lubricating oil for plastic working of the present invention can be easily obtained by simply blending the component [B] with the component [A]. When Mochiron [C] is also used, it is sufficient to simply blend. However, although the component [B] powder is only dispersed in the blended lubricating oil, if sedimentation of the powder becomes a problem during the cold working process, a dispersant may be used. An example of this dispersant is a chelate compound of alkyl acetate aluminum diisopropylate. At that time, the amount added is [B] component
It is preferably 5 to 15 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight. In the method of plastic working using the lubricating oil of the present invention, the lubricating oil is applied to the surface or friction surface of the aluminum alloy material to be processed by spraying, brushing, dipping, or the like. Moreover, it is even more effective to apply the same to the friction surface of the mold surface. Next, by subjecting the above material to cold plastic working, it is possible to obtain an excellent machined surface finish, even for parts with complex shapes with a processing rate of 35% or more. [Operation] The reason why the lubricating oil of the present invention exhibits excellent plastic workability for aluminum alloys is considered to be as follows. Component [A] such as phosphoric acid diester of polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether reacts with the surface of the aluminum material by the heat generated by friction and plastic deformation during plastic working to form a thin film, and on top of that, N, Component [B], which is composed of N'-ethylenebis acid amide powder, is drawn into the surface of the machined part and forms a tough lubricating film, and the synergistic effect of [A] and [B] prevents seizure. It is considered to be something to prevent. In particular, the lubricating oil of the present invention contains age hardening type (also called precipitation hardening type) Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Si.
It also provides an excellent lubrication effect for plastic working of aluminum materials containing Cr. The reason why such age-hardened aluminum materials are superior is not clear, but it is presumed to be due to the synergistic effect with these contained elements. In addition, for warm forging aluminum alloys containing 10% or more of Si, annealing is required after plastic working to remove processing strain. [Example] Examples of the present invention will be described below along with comparative examples. Examples 1 to 20 Components [A] and [B] were blended into mineral oil having a viscosity of 10 mm ² /s (cSt) at 40°C in the proportions shown in Table 1. Furthermore, the composition of the lubricating oil used as a comparative example is shown in Table 2. These lubricants are used for aluminum alloy materials (JIS H4040, A2218 (0) materials and
A4032 (0) material) was dip coated at room temperature, and the surface condition after processing, surface roughness of the processed surface, and processing performance were examined under the following processing conditions. The result is the third
Shown in the table. Processing conditions and processing performance were measured using the measurement mold shown in FIG. 1 Processing conditions (1) Dimensions of material 2: diameter 20 mm, length 30 mm, average surface roughness 1.5 μm (2) Material of mold 3 and punch 1: JIS G4404,
Alloy tool steel SKD11 Silver type container 6 diameter: 20.1 mm diameter Punch 1 diameter: 18.4 mm diameter Machining rate: 84% Descending speed of punch 1: 9 mm/sec 2 Surface condition Visually observe the surface finish condition after machining.
The glossiness was evaluated in three levels. 3. Surface Roughness The surface roughness of the inner wall surface of the material 2 punched with the punch 1 was measured using a roundness measuring device (Talyrond 100 model manufactured by TAYLOR-HOBSON). 4 Processing performance evaluation method A band heater 4 is attached to the mold 3, and the temperature of the mold is raised stepwise in a range of 5 to 20°C. At each temperature, 10 pieces of aluminum material coated with lubricating oil are plasticized. The maximum heating temperature of the mold at which plasticity can be achieved without seizing the machined surface was measured. It was determined that the higher the temperature, the better the heat resistance and lubricity of the lubricating film formed on the surface of the material. As is clear from the results in Table 3, the lubricating oil of the present invention has extremely good surface condition, surface roughness, and processing performance.

【table】

【table】

【table】

【table】

[Table] Examples 21 to 29 Same as Example 1, [A] component polyoxyethylene oleyl ether phosphate ester (number of moles of ethylene oxide added: 4) 10% by weight, [B] component
7% by weight of 74-105 .mu.m N,N'-ethylene bisstearamide was blended into the base oil shown in Table 4. This was applied to A4032 (0) material and processed under the same processing conditions as Example 1, and the surface condition, surface roughness, and processing performance after processing were examined. The results are shown in Table 4. As is clear from the table, the surface condition and surface roughness are extremely good. It also has excellent processing performance.

[Table] * Same symbols as Table 3 Examples 30 to 42 A lubricating oil having the composition shown in Table 5 was applied to the surface of A2218 (0) as a material by dipping in the same manner as in Example 1, and the plasticity I did the processing.

【table】

[Table] *Same symbols as Table 3 The results of plastic working are also listed in Table 5. As is clear from the table, the processing performance of the products of the present invention was good. Example 43 Using the lubricating oil of Example 1, the type of aluminum alloy material to be used was changed and its influence on plastic working was studied.

【table】

[Table] As is clear from the table, it is preferable that the aluminum alloy does not contain too much Mg element. However, when it contains elements that form intermetallic compounds such as Cu and Mn, it may be contained in a somewhat larger amount. In addition, from the results in Table 6, the aluminum alloys for which the lubricating oil of the present invention is particularly effective are 2000, 3000 and 3000 specified by JIS and American AA standards.
4000 aluminum alloy is effective. Note that these aluminum alloys contain Cu: 1.5-6.0%,
Mg: 0.2~1.8%, Mn: 0.3~1.5%, Si: 4.5~
It contains 13.5% as the second main component after aluminum. Example 44 N, N′- which is the [B] component of the lubricating oil of the present invention
FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the particle size of ethylenebisamide and the processing rate. The figure shows the machining speed using molds with different machining rates.
This study investigated the relationship between the particle size of N,N'-ethylenebis acid amide and the processing speed when plastic processing was performed at a rate of 30 particles/min. As the aluminum alloy material, A2218(0) was used, N,N'-ethylenebislauric acidamide was used as the N,N'-ethylenebisacidamide, and as the lubricating oil, the same composition as in Example 1 was used. there was. Further, FIG. 4 shows the relationship between processing rate and mold temperature in this case. From Figures 3 and 4, when the processing rate is 35% or more, N,
The particle size of N'-ethylenebis acid amide is 1 μm,
The mold temperature at that time is approximately 50°C. Processing rate approx. 60
% is 5 μm, and the mold temperature is 100°C. Regarding the melting point of N,N'-methylenebis acid amide, it is desirable that the coating formed on the plastically processed surface does not melt at the processing temperature. Therefore, it is better if the temperature is higher than the processing temperature, but in consideration of practicality, it is preferably 100°C or higher. Example 45 With the same formulation as Example 1, the [B] component N,
The processing performance was investigated using A2218(0) material by changing the particle size of N'-ethylene bisstearamide particles. The results are shown in Figure 1. From the results shown in Figure 1, when the particle size of the powder reaches 0.5 μm, the effect of adding component B appears and the processing performance begins to improve. Processing performance was saturated when the particle size exceeded approximately 40 μm. Example 46 [A] component polyoxyethylene oleyl ether phosphoric acid diester (number of moles of ethylene oxide added: 4) to mineral oil having a viscosity of 10 mm ² /s at 40°C 10
The relationship between melting point and processing performance was investigated using A4032(0) material by distributing 10% by weight of N,N'-ethylenebisstearic acid amide, component [B], which has different weight% and melting point. The results are shown in Table 6. As shown in Table 5, when the melting point of component [B] increases, the processing performance also improves. Considering the practicality of cold working aluminum materials, the melting point of component B is preferably 100°C or higher.

[Table] Example 47 Using mineral oil with a viscosity of 32 mm ² /s at 40°C,
A lubricating oil for cold working shown in Table 8 was obtained. Metal soap and N,N'-ethylenebis acid amide are
Particles ranging in size from 44 to 63 μm (350 to 250 mesh) were dispersed in oil. After applying this to the surface of an aluminum alloy (JIS A5056) material, the processing performance, surface condition after processing, etc. were investigated using forward extrusion processing method and backward extrusion processing method under the following conditions.
The results are shown in Table 9. The processing conditions and processing performance measurements are as follows. 1 Processing conditions 1.1 Material for forward extrusion ●Material: Aluminum alloy (JIS A5056) ●Dimensions: Outer diameter 9.9mm, length 30mm ●Surface roughness: max1.8μm (2) Material for backward extrusion ●Material: Aluminum alloy ( JIS A5056) ●Dimensions: Outer diameter 19.9mm, length 20mm ●Surface roughness: max2.0μm 1.2 Main dimensions of the mold (1) For forward extrusion ●Material: Alloy tool steel SKD11 ●Container diameter: 10mm ●Extrusion angle: 120 Degree ● Drawing diameter: 6 mm (processing rate 64%) (2) Rear extrusion angle ● Material: Alloy tool steel SKD11 ● Container diameter: 20 mm ● Punch diameter: 16 mm (SKD 11 material) ● Processing rate: 63.9% 2 Processing performance evaluation Method: Same as Example 1 Comparative Example Lubricant Composition Comparative Example 4 Base oil; Mineral oil Additive: Fatty acid, sulfur-based extreme pressure agent Comparative Example 5 Base oil; Polyol ester oil Additive: Fatty acid

【table】

〔Effect of the invention〕

The lubricating oil of the present invention has an excellent effect in making it possible to easily process aluminum alloys at a working rate of 35% or more in cold plastic working.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 shows the particle size of N,N'-ethylenebis acid amide powder, which is one component of the lubricating oil of an embodiment of the present invention, and the processing effect when cold working is performed using the lubricating oil. Figure 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the lubricating oil and the performance. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing a side cross section of a plastic working mold in which the processing performance of the lubricating oil was investigated in an example of the present invention. Figure 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the lubricating oil of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a curve diagram showing the relationship between the processing rate and the N,N'-ethylenebis acid amide powder particle size when using the same method, and similarly, FIG. 4 is a curve diagram showing the relationship between the processing rate and the mold temperature. 1...Punch, 2...Material, 3...Mold land portion, 4...Band heater, 5...Knockout punch, 6...Container.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 [A] (a) General formula Polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphoric acid diester represented by (b) General formula Polyoxyalkylene _alkyl phenyl ether _phosphoric acid _{diester represented} by
is a phenyl alkyl group, R' is a lower alkylene group, and the number of moles of m, n, q, and r added is m+
n, q+r are 2 to 15) (c) General formula (However, R, R″ are lower alkyl groups, n is 0
or 1, and when n is 1, R'' is OH) Phosphonate ester represented by 98
~85% by weight and [B] General formula RCONHCH ₂ CH ₂ NHCOR ... (4) (where R is a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid residue having 12 to 22 carbon atoms) with an average particle size of 1 μm or more A lubricating oil for cold plastic working of aluminum alloy containing 2 to 15% by weight of N,N'-ethylenebis acid amide powder. 2 The lubricating oil according to claim 1, N,
N'-ethylenebis acid amide powder has an average particle size of 2μ
A lubricating oil for cold plastic working of aluminum alloys, characterized by having a melting point of 100℃ or higher and a melting point of 100℃ or higher. 3 The number of moles of the polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphoric diester and the polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenyl ether phosphoric diester represented by the general formulas (1) and (2) in the lubricating oil according to claim 1 is 4. A lubricating oil for cold plastic working of aluminum alloys, characterized in that the temperature is ~10. 4 [A] (a) General formula Polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphoric acid diester represented by (b) General formula Polyoxyalkylene _alkyl phenyl ether _phosphoric acid _{diester represented} by
is a phenyl alkyl group, R' is a lower alkylene group, and the number of moles of m, n, q, and r added is m+
n, q+r are 2 to 15) (c) General formula (However, R, R″ are lower alkyl groups, n is 0
or 1, and when n is 1, R'' is OH) at least one phosphonic acid ester selected from (a), (b), and (c) above.
weight% or more and [B] N with an average particle size of 1 μm or more, represented by the general formula RCONHCH ₂ CH ₂ NHCOR ... (4) (where R is a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid residue having 12 to 22 carbon atoms) A lubricating oil for cold plastic working of aluminum alloys, containing 2 to 15% by weight of N'-ethylenebis acid amide powder [C] lubricating oil (the balance) having a viscosity of 5 mm ² /s or more (at 40°C). 5. The lubricating oil for cold plastic working of aluminum alloys according to claim 4, wherein the N,N'-ethylenebis acid amide powder has an average particle size of 2 μm or more and a melting point of 100° C. or more. 6. A patent claim characterized in that the number of moles added of the polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphoric diester and the polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenyl ether phosphoric diester represented by the general formulas (1) and (2) is 4 to 10. A lubricating oil for cold plastic working of aluminum alloys according to scope 4. 7 In a method of age-hardening an age-hardening aluminum alloy blank, then applying a plastic working lubricant to the blank and plastic working, as the plastic working lubricant, [A] (a) General formula Polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphoric acid diester represented by (b) General formula Polyoxyalkylene _alkyl phenyl ether _phosphoric acid _{diester represented} by
is a phenyl alkyl group, R' is a lower alkylene group, and the number of moles of m, n, q, and r added is m+
n, q+r are 2 to 15) (c) General formula (However, R, R″ are lower alkyl groups, n is 0
or 1, and when n is 1, R'' is OH) Phosphonate ester represented by 98
~85% by weight and [B] is represented by the general formula RCONHCH ₂ CH ₂ NHCOR (4) (where R is a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid residue having 12 to 22 carbon atoms). Powder 2 of N,N'-ethylenebis acid amide with an average particle size of 1 μm or more and a melting point of 100°C or more
A method for cold plastic working of aluminum alloy, characterized by using ~15% by weight. 8. Claim 7, wherein the aluminum alloy is an age hardening alloy containing at least one of Cu, Mn, Mg, and Si in an amount necessary to cause age hardening.
A method for cold plastic working of an aluminum alloy as described in . 9 Aluminum alloy, Al-Si type has Si of 4.5~
13.5% by weight, Al-Cu type 1.5-6.0% by weight, Al-
Mg series contains 0.3 to 1.5% Mg, Al-Mn series contains Mn.
8. The method for cold plastic working of an aluminum alloy according to claim 7, wherein the aluminum alloy is an age hardening alloy containing 0.3 to 1.5% by weight. 10 In a method of age hardening an age hardening aluminum alloy blank, then applying a plastic working lubricant to the blank and plastic working, as the plastic working lubricant [A] (a) General formula Polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphoric acid diester represented by (b) General formula Polyoxyalkylene _alkyl phenyl ether _phosphoric acid _{diester represented} by
is a phenyl alkyl group, R' is a lower alkylene group, and the number of moles of m, n, q, and r added is m+
n, q+r are 2 to 15) (c) General formula (However, R, R″ are lower alkyl groups, n is 0
or 1, and when n is 1, R'' is OH) at least one phosphonic acid ester selected from (a), (b), and (c) above.
weight% or more and [B] N with an average particle size of 1 μm or more, represented by the general formula RCONHCH ₂ CH ₂ NHCOR ... (4) (where R is a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid residue having 12 to 22 carbon atoms) , N'-ethylenebis acid amide powder in an amount of 2 to 15% by weight [C] A lubricating oil (the balance) having a viscosity of 5 mm ² /s or more (at 40°C) is used. . 11 The lubricating oil according to claim 10,
A method for cold plastic working of an aluminum alloy, characterized in that the N,N'-ethylenebis acid amide powder has an average particle size of 2 μm or more and a melting point of 100° C. or more. 12 The lubricating oil according to claim 10,
Cold processing of an aluminum alloy characterized in that the number of added moles of polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphoric diester and polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenyl ether phosphoric diester represented by general formulas (1) and (2) is 4 to 10. Plastic processing method. 13 Claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy is an age hardening alloy containing at least one of Cu, Mn, Mg, and Si in an amount necessary to cause age hardening.
The method for cold plastic working of an aluminum alloy according to item 2. 14 Aluminum alloy, Al-Si type has Si of 4.5
~13.5% by weight, Al-Cu type 1.5-6.0% by weight, Al-
Mg series contains 0.3 to 1.5% Mg, Al-Mn series contains Mn.
13. The method for cold plastic working of an aluminum alloy according to claim 12, wherein the aluminum alloy is an age hardening alloy containing 0.3 to 1.5% by weight.