JPH0523247B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application This invention relates to a method for preventing and treating diseases of aquatic organisms.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Treatment of diseases related to aquatic organisms, especially fish, mainly involves the administration of antibacterial agents and antibiotics.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, the occurrence of diseases in aquatic organisms caused by metabolic abnormalities thought to be caused by an increase in environmental pollutants, deterioration of feed, indigestion, and malnutrition has recently become a problem. .

Furthermore, even when the cause is a bacterial disease, just because the bacteria has invaded does not necessarily mean that the disease will develop. This is because each living organism has a biological defense function, and even in fish, the body surface, gills, and digestive tract are all covered with mucus, and this mucus contains antibacterial substances and various antibody substances. It is known to prevent the invasion of bacteria and prevent the proliferation of bacteria even if they invade. However, as metabolic abnormalities progress, it is natural that the body's defense function declines, making it more susceptible to bacterial diseases.
Because it is caused by metabolic abnormalities, it is currently treated as a disease of unknown cause until it is elucidated.

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventor is currently conducting extensive research in order to develop a treatment for various diseases that are said to be caused by metabolic abnormalities, such as Matsukasa disease, which is a strange disease of ornamental fish such as goldfish.
The present invention was completed based on the discovery that extracts of basidiomycete mycelia are effective in treating Matsukasa disease.

As a result of further research, it was discovered that it is effective not only for the above-mentioned diseases but also for various diseases such as white spot disease and cotton head disease.

There are various theories about the cause of Matsukasa disease, and although it has not yet been identified, white spot disease is caused by parasitism by the protozoan ciliate Ichthyophyteilius.

In addition to the above, there are diseases for which antibiotics are currently used, such as pitting disease (bacterial theory and malnutrition theory), bacterial leukocloud disease, gill rot disease, mouth rot disease, tail rot disease,
It can also be expected to be very effective against downy mildew and vibrio diseases.

Target aquatic organisms include seafood and shellfish such as shrimp, and these include ornamental fish, such as goldfish, and farmed seafood used for food, such as crucian carp, carp, eel, and yellowtail. , cultured prawns, and cultured pearl oysters. In this specification, the target fish will be hereinafter referred to as farmed fish.

Extracts of basidiomycete mycelium that can be used in this method include those produced by methods already known in Japanese Patent Publications No. 51-19013, Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-23392, Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-23826, and patent applications. This includes those manufactured by the method disclosed in No. 62-23354. Of course, the medium is not limited to these and may be prepared by other methods, but wood chips (or bagasse),
It is preferable to culture using a mixture of rice husks and/or bran or rice bran.

Shiitake mushrooms are preferably used as the basidiomycete.

The extract may be used as it is, or may be concentrated, and of course may be used as a powder, tablet, or ointment. It may also be used in combination with artificial feed for fish.

Administration methods include direct addition to environments where aquatic organisms live, such as ponds, cages, aquariums, and other water areas used for fish farming, or by isolating only affected fish and giving them a medicinal bath. Also good.

The amount used depends on the dosage form used, place of use, fish species, disease,
It varies depending on the purpose of use (treatment or prevention), etc.
Normally, per 1 ton of water contained in the above water area, 500 per day is converted into a 1:1 (volume ratio) extraction stock solution of water: mycelium.
Approximately cc to 1000c.c. is sufficient. When used for prophylaxis, especially when added to feed, the amount may be further reduced. In the case of a medicated bath, the concentration may be lower or higher than the above concentration.

Of course, favorable effects can be expected if antibiotics are used in combination.

The effects of the treatment method of the present invention will be explained below using examples, but the treatment method of the present invention is not limited thereto.

Preparation of mycelial extract 5 parts of sawdust, 1 part of rice bran, and 1 part of bagasse were mixed with water to prepare a solid medium, which was placed in a polyethylene container with a volume of 1, and heated and sterilized. This was inoculated with shiitake mushroom inoculum, and mycelium was grown in an air-conditioned culture room. When the precipitation phenomenon appeared, the culture medium was pulverized using a pulverizer, and approximately 1.2 ml of water was added to it, heated, and brought to a sufficient boil.The mixture was then boiled for an additional hour.
After the heating was stopped, the boiling medium was placed in a filter bag and pressurized to obtain about 1 volume of extract.

Treatment example 1 Goldfish white spot disease A goldfish with white spot disease was placed in an aquarium (capacity approx.
), and 20 c.c. of the extract prepared as described above was added to the water tank for three consecutive days. At first, the white spots became larger, but on the 4th day, I noticed that mycelium-like substances were coming out from the white spots, so I took the goldfish out of the tank and washed its body with running water, and the white spots and mycelium-like substances were removed. It was washed away, and no particular changes were observed thereafter. Afterwards, observation was continued for 40 days, but no white spot disease was detected, and the patient was judged to have been completely cured.

Treatment example 2 Matsukasa disease in goldfish A tank (capacity: 60) housing 3 goldfish, including one goldfish with Matsukasa disease (scales all over the body surface and terminal symptoms) After adding 40 c.c. of Shiitake mushroom mycelium extract every day and continuing the administration for about a month, the patient was completely cured. At the same time, a commercially available fungicide (San Ace, manufactured by Tsuji Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd.) was also used (it is a well-known fact that a complete therapeutic effect cannot be expected with this disinfectant alone).

Treatment Example 3 Matsukasa Disease in Carp One carp infected with Matsukasa disease was obtained from a fish farm, placed in an aquarium (volume approximately 60 cm), and treated with the shiitake mushroom mycelium extract prepared as described above on the first day at 40 c.c. was put into the aquarium. Dosing 20c.c. each day for 6-7 days thereafter, 3-4
The cycle of day-off medication was repeated five times. Symptoms started about 1 month after the start of administration (scales that were in a vertical position)
However, the symptoms gradually decreased and the scales began to subside horizontally. Approximately half a month later, the scales became almost flat, although not completely, and the symptoms were significantly reduced, although not completely.

Treatment Example 4 Carp Cotton Head Disease Two carp with cotton head disease were obtained from a fish farm and raised in an aquarium (capacity: 30).

Administration was carried out by adding 20 c.c. of the stock solution of shiitake mycelium extract directly to the water tank. In principle, the dosing period was 4 to 5 days, with a 2 to 5 day rest period between the dosing periods. Approximately after starting administration
After 20 days, the fluff began to decrease, and after about a month, the fluff completely disappeared, and both animals were completely cured.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A method characterized by contacting an aquatic organism with an extract of a culture of Basidiomycete mycelium in an amount effective for preventing and/or treating pinnae disease, white spot disease, and cotton head disease in aquatic organisms. Prevention and treatment method for the above-mentioned diseases of aquatic organisms 2. A patent claim in which the extract is a hot water extract of basidiomycete mycelia cultured in a mixed medium of wood shavings (or bagasse) rice husks and/or bran or rice bran. The prophylactic and therapeutic method according to scope 1. 3 Claim 1 in which the aquatic creature is an ornamental fish
Prevention and treatment methods described in section.