JPH0544372B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to an automobile retarder that provides braking force to a vehicle or engine.

<Prior Art> In order to brake a vehicle, retarders have been proposed or put into practical use, as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 42-3930, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 44-16887, and the like. There are various types of conventional retarders, such as an eddy current type and a fluid type, and all of them are used to apply braking force to a running vehicle to decelerate the vehicle. That is, conventional retarders were used exclusively for the purpose of braking the vehicle, and were not used for the purpose of lowering the engine speed.

However, when changing the gear ratio of the transmission and performing a shift-up operation, the clutch is switched to the disengaged state and the engine speed is lowered to match the rotation speed with the driving wheels. , the gear shifting operation was performed in this state. Since engine compression was used to lower the engine speed, it took time for the engine speed to drop. Therefore, in such a vehicle, it takes time to change gears, and the vehicle speed sometimes decreases during that time.

〓Object of the Invention〓 The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to reduce the time required for gear shifting by quickly lowering the engine speed using a retarder. The purpose of this invention is to provide a retarder for automobiles that has been developed.

〓Structure of the Invention〓 The present invention provides a retarder that applies braking force to a vehicle or an engine. The retarder is composed of a generator consisting of a stator disposed on the outer circumferential side of the transformer, and performs braking by absorbing work done from the outside as a braking force when the generator generates electricity. The present invention relates to a retarder for an automobile, characterized in that the generator generates electricity when the transmission is shifted up, thereby applying braking force to the engine via the crankshaft to reduce its rotational speed. This speeds up the drop in engine speed when the transmission shifts up, shortening the gear shift time.

〓Examples〓 The present invention will be explained below with reference to illustrated embodiments. FIG. 1 shows an engine 1 equipped with a retarder according to a first embodiment, and this engine 1 is composed of, for example, a diesel engine for a truck. A flywheel housing 2 is provided on the rear side of the engine 1. A stator case 8 of an inductor type generator, which will be described later, is attached to the upper and lower sides of the housing 2. Furthermore, a transmission 5 is arranged on the back side of the flywheel housing 2, which changes the rotation speed of the engine 1 to the optimal gear ratio for driving, and transmits it to the drive wheels via the propeller shaft 6. ing.

Next, the structure of the retarder provided in this engine 1 will be described. As shown in FIG.
Inductor magnetic poles 7 are provided at predetermined pitches along the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface of the flywheel 4 fixed to the end of the flywheel. The flywheel 4 provided with the magnetic poles 7 constitutes a rotor of an inductor type generator, and constitutes a retarder of this generator in an automobile.

Cases 8 are provided on the upper and lower sides of the housing 2, and a stator of an inductor type generator is housed within these cases 8. As shown in FIG. 3, this stator includes a plurality of pole cores 9 arranged in the circumferential direction of the flywheel 4. The lower end of the pole core 9 faces the inductor magnetic pole 7 via a small air gap, and
Its upper end is connected to the case 8 via the stator yoke 10.
is fixed to the cover plate. An armature coil 11 and a field coil 12 are wound around the pole core 9, respectively. Note that the armature coil 11 is wound around two pole cores 9, whereas the field coil 12 is wound around each pole core 9 one at a time. and field coil 12
is connected to a battery 14 via a controller 13, as shown in FIG. On the other hand, the armature coil 11 is connected to a load resistor 15. The load resistor 15 is housed in a cooling box 16 (see FIG. 1), and is cooled by cooling water circulating therein.

On the other hand, the controller 13 connected to the field coil 12 has a built-in relay switch 17, as shown in FIG. It's summery. The relay coil 18 is connected to the drive circuit 19, and the drive circuit 1
9 is adapted to be operated by a control signal from a microcomputer 20.

On the input side of this microcomputer 20,
A clutch switch 22 detects whether the clutch pedal 21 is depressed, an engine rotation sensor 23 detects the rotation speed of the engine 1, a vehicle speed sensor 24 provided on the output side of the transmission 5,
Transmission gear position sensors 25 provided on the upper part of the transmission 5 are connected to each other.

Next, the operation of the retarder for this automobile configured as described above will be explained. First, turn on the retarder switch located in the driver's seat. Then, the field coil 1 of this inductor type generator is transmitted from the battery 14 via the controller 13 shown in FIG.
2, and the coil 12 is excited. As shown in FIG. 3, the field coil 12 magnetizes two pole cores 9 in opposite directions, and a pair of pole cores 9 around which a common armature coil 11 is wound have different polarities. It becomes magnetized like this. Therefore, at a certain moment, a magnetic circuit 27 is formed as shown by the dotted line in FIG.
When the pole core 9 moves by an angle corresponding to the pitch of the pole core 9, a magnetic circuit 28 as shown by the chain line in FIG. 3 is formed.

The magnetic fluxes passing through these magnetic circuits 27 and 28 both interlink with the armature coil 11, and
The directions of the magnetic fluxes passing through the two magnetic circuits 27 and 28 are reversed. Therefore, due to this change in magnetic flux, an electromotive force is induced in the armature coil 11,
This inductor type generator will generate electricity.
This means that the engine 1 or the vehicle drives the flywheel 4, and the work done from the outside at this time is absorbed as braking force. Therefore, the vehicle receives a braking force and is decelerated by the power generated by the inductor type generator. The generated output at this time is consumed by the load resistor 15 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Further, in addition to the above-mentioned normal braking operation, the retarder is designed to reduce the rotational speed of the engine 1 when the transmission 5 is upshifted. Generally, when accelerating a vehicle from a stopped state to a constant speed, the transmission 5 is shifted up in the order of 1st gear, 2nd gear, 3rd gear, etc., as shown in FIG. In this case, after increasing the rotational speed of the engine 1 to a value close to its rated rotational speed at each gear position, the clutch is disengaged and an upshift operation is performed. Therefore, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 4, the engine speed must be lowered during upshifting.

Therefore, the retarder according to this embodiment is designed to lower the rotational speed of the engine 1 at the time of upshifting. This operation is performed by the microcomputer 20 based on the flowchart shown in FIG. The microcomputer 20 first reads the detection output of the clutch switch 22 and determines whether the clutch has been released. When the clutch is disengaged, the output of the transmission gear position sensor 25 is read, and the vehicle speed is read from the vehicle speed sensor 24.
Furthermore, the rotation speed of the engine 1 is read from the engine rotation sensor 23. These three sensors 23,2
From the detection outputs of 4 and 25, transmission 5
It is determined whether or not to perform a shift-up operation, and when it is determined that a shift-up operation is to be performed, the retarder is operated by a control signal from the microcomputer 20.

In this operation, the microcomputer 20 supplies a control signal to the drive circuit 19, energizes the relay coil 18 via the drive circuit 19, and switches the relay switch 1.
I'm trying to close 7. Therefore, current flows from the battery 14 to the field coil 12 of the inductor type generator, and the retarder made of this generator generates a braking force by the same operation as described above. Therefore, the rotational speed of the engine 1 is reduced by the braking force of the retarder.

The microcomputer 20 then calculates the target rotational speed of the engine 1 to be lowered, and also compares it with the actual rotational speed of the engine 1 detected by the rotational detection sensor 23 to determine whether the rotational speed has decreased to the target rotational speed. Make a judgment as to whether or not. When the rotational speed has decreased to the target rotational speed, the microcomputer 20 generates a retarder stop signal. Then, the relay coil 18 is deenergized via the drive circuit 19,
The relay switch 17 is opened and the braking operation of the retarder is stopped. That is, the retarder stops its braking operation when the rotational speed of the engine 1 drops to the target rotational speed.

As described above, the automobile retarder according to the present embodiment is not only capable of decelerating the vehicle by its original use, but also applies braking force to the engine 1 when the transmission 5 is shifted up. The rotation speed of the engine is reduced to a predetermined value. Therefore, with such a configuration, it becomes possible to quickly reduce the rotational speed of the engine 1, and it becomes possible to shorten the time required for shifting up. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the drawback that the vehicle speed decreases when changing gears.

<Effects of the Invention> As described above, the present invention provides a rotor provided on a flywheel disposed closer to the engine than the clutch and fixed to the crankshaft;
A retarder is composed of a generator consisting of a rotor and a stator disposed on the outer circumferential side of the rotor, and when the generator generates electricity, it performs braking by absorbing work done from the outside as a braking force, When the transmission is shifted up, a generator generates electricity to apply braking force to the engine via the crankshaft, thereby lowering the engine's rotational speed.

Therefore, according to the present invention, when the transmission is shifted up, braking force is applied to the engine to lower the engine speed, making it possible to shorten the time required for the engine speed to decrease. Therefore, it is possible to shorten the speed change operation and prevent a decrease in vehicle speed during that time.

In addition, since the engine speed is lowered during upshifting by a retarder consisting of a generator whose rotor is a flywheel fixed to the crankshaft, the engine speed can be lowered accurately. This makes it possible to reliably control the engine rotational speed during upshifting.

In addition, since the engine speed is lowered when the transmission shifts up by using a retarder consisting of a generator to provide braking force to the vehicle, a retarder consisting of a generator is provided. In a vehicle, by simply adding a function to control the engine speed, it becomes possible to lower the engine speed when the transmission shifts up. It becomes possible to control the engine at any time.

In addition, the retarder, which consists of a generator that applies braking force to the engine to reduce its rotational speed during upshifts, is connected to a rotor installed on the engine's flywheel, and a retarder located on the outer circumference of the rotor. It is designed to consist of a generator consisting of a fixed stator. Therefore, it becomes possible to compactly incorporate the retarder into the flywheel housing on the rear side of the engine, and it becomes possible to provide a retarder with excellent space factor.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a side view of essential parts of an engine equipped with a retarder according to a first embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is an external perspective view showing the retarder installed in this engine, and Fig. 3 is an essential part of the retarder. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the operation of shifting up the transmission, and FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of braking the engine by this retarder. In addition, in the symbols used in the drawings, 1...engine, 4...flywheel, 5...transmission, 7...inductor magnetic pole, 11...armature coil, 12...field coil, 14... Butterfly, 1
7... Relay switch, 20... Microcomputer, 22... Clutch switch, 23... Engine rotation sensor, 24... Vehicle speed sensor, 25...
...Transmission gear position sensor.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A retarder that applies braking force to a vehicle or engine, comprising: a rotor provided on a flywheel disposed closer to the engine than the clutch and fixed to the crankshaft; and the outer periphery of the rotor. The retarder is constituted by a generator consisting of a stator placed on the side, and when the generator generates electricity, it performs braking by absorbing work done from the outside as a braking force, and also performs braking on the transmission. 1. A retarder for an automobile, characterized in that the generator generates electricity when the engine is shifted up, thereby applying braking force to the engine via the crankshaft to lower the rotational speed of the engine.