JPH0552035B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0552035B2 JPH0552035B2 JP59079707A JP7970784A JPH0552035B2 JP H0552035 B2 JPH0552035 B2 JP H0552035B2 JP 59079707 A JP59079707 A JP 59079707A JP 7970784 A JP7970784 A JP 7970784A JP H0552035 B2 JPH0552035 B2 JP H0552035B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- lithium
- insulating material
- heat insulating
- negative electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/30—Deferred-action cells
- H01M6/36—Deferred-action cells containing electrolyte and made operational by physical means, e.g. thermal cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、リチウムもしくはリチウム合金を負
極に用いる熱電池に関するもので、電池作動時の
自己放電がなく、高温作動の可能な熱電池を提供
するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a thermal battery using lithium or a lithium alloy as a negative electrode, and provides a thermal battery that does not cause self-discharge during battery operation and is capable of high-temperature operation.
熱電池は溶融塩を電解質に用いており、常温で
は電流を流すことはできないが、使用時に高温に
加熱すると、電解質が溶融して極めて高い導電性
を示すようになり、大電流での放電が可能とな
る。このため、熱電池は未使用状態では自己放電
がなく、長期間の保存が可能であり、信頼性の高
い緊急用高出力電源として優れた電池である。 Thermal batteries use molten salt as an electrolyte, and although current cannot flow at room temperature, when heated to high temperatures during use, the electrolyte melts and becomes extremely conductive, making it possible to discharge at large currents. It becomes possible. For this reason, thermal batteries do not self-discharge when unused and can be stored for long periods of time, making them excellent as highly reliable emergency high-output power sources.
熱電池は発熱剤を内部に保持しており、その発
熱剤に点火することにより、電池内部を作動温度
まで瞬時に加熱して活性化させる。電池の発電部
は断熱材により断熱保温されており、電池作動温
度に長時間保たれている。 A thermal battery holds a heat generating agent inside, and by igniting the heat generating agent, the inside of the battery is instantaneously heated to an operating temperature and activated. The power generation section of the battery is insulated and kept warm by a heat insulating material, and is maintained at the battery operating temperature for a long time.
従来、電池内部を保温するための断熱材として
アスベストやガラス繊維およびセラミツク繊維等
が用いられている。このような断熱材は軽量で安
価な保温材料であるが、リチウムもしくはリチウ
ム合金を負極に用いる熱電池には好ましくないこ
とが判明した。すなわち、従来の断熱材はシリカ
（SiO2）やアルミナ（Al2O3）等の酸化物を主成
分とするものであるが、このような成分は高温度
においてリチウムと容易に反応し、還元されるこ
とが明らかとなつた。還元されたこれらの断熱材
は、一般に黒く変色し、導電性を示すようになつ
た。断熱材が導電性を帯びると、電池が自己放電
して放電容量が減少したり、電圧変動の原因や、
甚だしい場合は、内部短絡の原因となつたりし
た。このような現象は、従来のカルシウムやマグ
ネシウムを負極に用いた熱電池では認められなか
つたものであり、リチウムの高活性に起因するも
のと思われる。 Conventionally, asbestos, glass fibers, ceramic fibers, and the like have been used as heat insulating materials to keep the inside of batteries warm. Although such a heat insulating material is a lightweight and inexpensive heat-retaining material, it has been found that it is not suitable for thermal batteries that use lithium or lithium alloys as negative electrodes. In other words, conventional insulation materials are mainly composed of oxides such as silica (SiO 2 ) and alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), but these components easily react with lithium at high temperatures and are reduced. It became clear that this would happen. These reduced insulators generally turned black and became electrically conductive. If the insulation material becomes conductive, the battery may self-discharge, reducing the discharge capacity, causing voltage fluctuations,
In extreme cases, it could cause an internal short circuit. Such a phenomenon has not been observed in conventional thermal batteries using calcium or magnesium as the negative electrode, and is thought to be due to the high activity of lithium.
本発明はこのような欠点を改良するものであ
り、リチウムもしくはリチウム合金を負極に用い
る熱電池において、断熱材として窒化ホウ素繊維
を用いることを特徴とするものである。窒化ホウ
素はリチウムおよびリチウム合金に対して安定で
あり、織布あるいはフエルト等の繊維状とするこ
とにより、保温性も向上し、熱電池の断熱材とし
て最適なものとなつた。 The present invention aims to improve such drawbacks, and is characterized by using boron nitride fiber as a heat insulating material in a thermal battery using lithium or a lithium alloy as a negative electrode. Boron nitride is stable with respect to lithium and lithium alloys, and when made into a fibrous form such as woven cloth or felt, its heat retention properties are improved, making it ideal as a heat insulating material for thermal batteries.
以下、その実施例について説明する。 Examples thereof will be described below.
第１図は本発明熱電池の断面図である。図にお
いて、１は積層電池を構成する素電池である。素
電池１は負極層と正極層との三層よりなるペレツ
トであり、発熱剤２と交互に積層されている。３
は負極端子、４は正極端子である。５は点火具で
あり、点火用端子６に瞬間電流を流すと点火具５
が発火し、発熱剤２に着火して電池が活性化され
る。７は電池を断熱保温するための断熱材であ
り、窒化ホウ素繊維を使用した。８は電池容器で
あり、電池内を気密に保つている。 FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the thermal battery of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a unit cell that constitutes a stacked battery. The unit cell 1 is a pellet consisting of three layers, a negative electrode layer and a positive electrode layer, which are alternately laminated with exothermic agents 2. 3
is a negative terminal, and 4 is a positive terminal. 5 is an igniter, and when an instantaneous current is passed through the ignition terminal 6, the igniter 5
is ignited, the exothermic agent 2 is ignited, and the battery is activated. 7 is a heat insulating material for insulating and keeping the battery warm, and boron nitride fiber was used. 8 is a battery container, which keeps the inside of the battery airtight.
直径54mm、厚さ1.05mmの三層ペレツトよりなる
素電池16枚を、FeとKClO4との混合物よりなる
発熱剤と交互に積層して積層電池を構成した。素
電池の負極層はリチウム−アルミニウム合金0.75
ｇ、電解質層はLiCl−KCl共晶塩と酸化マグネシ
ウム粉末の混合物２ｇ、正極層は二硫化鉄を主成
分とする混合物1.5ｇから構成されている。 A stacked battery was constructed by alternately stacking 16 unit cells made of three-layer pellets with a diameter of 54 mm and a thickness of 1.05 mm and a heat generating agent made of a mixture of Fe and KClO 4 . The negative electrode layer of the unit cell is a lithium-aluminum alloy 0.75
g. The electrolyte layer was composed of 2 g of a mixture of LiCl-KCl eutectic salt and magnesium oxide powder, and the positive electrode layer was composed of 1.5 g of a mixture whose main component was iron disulfide.
第２図は本発明実施電池Ａと、従来電池Ｂとを
環境温度80℃のもとで活性化させ、10Aの電流で
放電した時の端子電圧の変化を示したものであ
る。熱電池は、一般に−55℃〜80℃と広い温度範
囲で使用可能であるが、本発明の効果をより明ら
かにするために高温度で比較した。高温度ほど負
極のリチウムの活性が増し、反応しやくなつた。 FIG. 2 shows the change in terminal voltage when battery A according to the present invention and conventional battery B were activated at an environmental temperature of 80° C. and discharged with a current of 10 A. Although thermal batteries can generally be used in a wide temperature range of -55°C to 80°C, comparisons were made at high temperatures in order to more clearly demonstrate the effects of the present invention. The higher the temperature, the more active the lithium in the negative electrode becomes, making it more reactive.
本発明実施電池Ａは断熱材として繊維径約６ミ
クロンの窒化ホウ素フエルト（米国、カーボラン
ダム社製）を使用した。従来電池Ｂは断熱材とし
て、セラミツク繊維であるフアイバーフラツクス
（東芝モノフラツクス(株)製）を使用したものであ
る。フアイバーフラツクスはアルミナとシリカを
主成分とするセラミツクス繊維で、断熱材として
開発されたものである。従来電池Ｂは内部短絡現
象が認められ、放電電圧、放電容量ともに低下し
た。放電試験後、電池を解体したところ、従来電
池Ｂの断熱材は、素電池との接触部分が黒く変色
し、一部溶融しているのが観察された。また変色
した断熱材は導電性を示すことが認められた。こ
れはセラミツク繊維が高温度で負極のリチウム合
金により還元されたことによるものであり、内部
短絡の原因となつている。 In the battery A according to the present invention, boron nitride felt (manufactured by Carborundum, USA) having a fiber diameter of about 6 microns was used as a heat insulating material. Conventional battery B uses fiber flux (manufactured by Toshiba Monoflux Corporation), which is a ceramic fiber, as a heat insulating material. Fiber flux is a ceramic fiber whose main components are alumina and silica, and was developed as a heat insulating material. In conventional battery B, an internal short circuit phenomenon was observed, and both discharge voltage and discharge capacity decreased. When the battery was disassembled after the discharge test, it was observed that the heat insulating material of conventional battery B had turned black at the part where it came into contact with the unit cell, and was partially melted. It was also observed that the discolored heat insulating material exhibited electrical conductivity. This is because the ceramic fibers are reduced by the lithium alloy of the negative electrode at high temperatures, causing internal short circuits.
窒化ホウ素はリチウムもしくはリチウム−アル
ミニウム合金、リチウム−ケイ素合金、リチウム
−ホウ素合金等のリチウム合金に対して安定であ
り、これらを負極に用いた熱電池の断熱材として
最適である。なお、熱電池の断熱材として全て窒
化ホウ素繊維を用いる必要はなく、少なくとも素
電池と接する部分にのみ用いれば、その効果を期
待することができる。また窒化ホウ素は溶融塩に
対して濡れにくい性質があり、電気絶縁製も高い
ために、積層した素電池の側面に用いると、素電
池間のリークを防ぐという効果も認められた。 Boron nitride is stable against lithium or lithium alloys such as lithium-aluminum alloy, lithium-silicon alloy, and lithium-boron alloy, and is optimal as a heat insulating material for thermal batteries using these as negative electrodes. It should be noted that it is not necessary to use boron nitride fibers entirely as a heat insulating material for a thermal battery, and the effect can be expected if it is used only at least in the portion that comes into contact with the unit cell. In addition, boron nitride has the property of being difficult to wet with molten salt and is highly electrically insulating, so when used on the sides of stacked unit cells, it has been found to be effective in preventing leakage between the units.
第１図は本発明実施電池の断面図、第２図は本
発明実施電池と従来電池の比較を示す放電特性図
である。
１……素電池、２……発熱剤、７……断熱材、
８……電池容器、Ａ……本発明電池、Ｂ……従来
電池。
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a battery according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a discharge characteristic diagram showing a comparison between a battery according to the present invention and a conventional battery. 1...Battery, 2...Exothermic agent, 7...Insulating material,
8...Battery container, A...Battery of the present invention, B...Conventional battery.
Claims (1)
る熱電池において、 少なくとも負極と接する部分の断熱材として、
窒化ホウ素繊維を用いることを特徴とする熱電
池。[Claims] 1. In a thermal battery using lithium or a lithium alloy as a negative electrode, as a heat insulating material at least in a portion in contact with the negative electrode,
A thermal battery characterized by using boron nitride fibers.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59079707A JPS60221966A (en) | 1984-04-19 | 1984-04-19 | Thermal battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59079707A JPS60221966A (en) | 1984-04-19 | 1984-04-19 | Thermal battery |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60221966A JPS60221966A (en) | 1985-11-06 |
| JPH0552035B2 true JPH0552035B2 (en) | 1993-08-04 |
Family
ID=13697673
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59079707A Granted JPS60221966A (en) | 1984-04-19 | 1984-04-19 | Thermal battery |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60221966A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115332474B (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2025-07-15 | 上海空间电源研究所 | A layered lithium metal composite negative electrode for thermal battery and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATA306180A (en) * | 1980-06-11 | 1983-07-15 | Eumig | PANCRATIC LENS |
-
1984
- 1984-04-19 JP JP59079707A patent/JPS60221966A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60221966A (en) | 1985-11-06 |
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