JPH0565715B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0565715B2 JPH0565715B2 JP22191986A JP22191986A JPH0565715B2 JP H0565715 B2 JPH0565715 B2 JP H0565715B2 JP 22191986 A JP22191986 A JP 22191986A JP 22191986 A JP22191986 A JP 22191986A JP H0565715 B2 JPH0565715 B2 JP H0565715B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- tip
- needle valve
- metal member
- intermediate metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野］
本発明は燃料を霧化して内燃機関へ供給する噴
射ノズルに係り、特にノズル本体を金属でノズル
先端部をセラミツクスで形成した噴射ノズル構造
に関する。Detailed Description of the Invention [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an injection nozzle that atomizes fuel and supplies it to an internal combustion engine, and particularly relates to an injection nozzle structure in which the nozzle body is made of metal and the nozzle tip is made of ceramics. .
［従来の技術］
内燃機関の燃焼室にノズル先端部を臨ませて配
設される噴射ノズルは、常時燃焼ガスに曝される
ため高温強度が要求される。このため本出願人は
特開昭58−14316号公報に少なくともノズルボデ
イの先端となる噴口部をSi3N4またはAl2O3等の
セラミツクスで形成したエンジン用燃料噴射ノズ
ルを提案している。[Prior Art] An injection nozzle disposed with its nozzle tip facing the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine is required to have high-temperature strength because it is constantly exposed to combustion gas. For this reason, the present applicant has proposed a fuel injection nozzle for an engine in JP-A-58-14316, in which at least the nozzle portion, which is the tip of the nozzle body, is formed of ceramics such as Si 3 N 4 or Al 2 O 3 .
［発明が解決しようとする問題点］
セラミツクスは金属材料に比べて熱膨張係数
が小さい、大きな耐熱衝撃性をもつ、熱伝導
度が小さいなどの優れた長所をもつ。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Ceramics has superior advantages compared to metal materials, such as a lower coefficient of thermal expansion, greater thermal shock resistance, and lower thermal conductivity.
しかし噴口部をセラミツクス、ノズル本体を金
属で形成し、これらを一体に接続する技術につい
ては構造、コスト上で改善の余地を残していた。 However, the technique of forming the nozzle part from ceramics and the nozzle body from metal, and connecting them together, left room for improvement in terms of structure and cost.
［問題点を解決するための手段］
本発明は上記問題点を解決することを目的とし
ている。本発明はセラミツクス製の針弁を昇降自
在に収容する金属製ノズル本体に、低熱膨張係数
をもち先端側に上記針弁が着座されるシート部を
備えたリング状の中間金属部材を接続し、この金
属部材の先端にセラミツクスから形成されて噴口
を備えたノズル先端部を接続して噴射ノズル構造
を成すものである。[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention aims to solve the above problems. The present invention connects a ring-shaped intermediate metal member having a low coefficient of thermal expansion and having a seat portion on the tip side on which the needle valve is seated to a metal nozzle body that accommodates a ceramic needle valve so as to be able to move up and down; A nozzle tip made of ceramics and provided with an injection port is connected to the tip of this metal member to form an injection nozzle structure.
［作用］
ノズル本体に昇降自在に収容された針弁がシー
ト部に着座されたときは、針弁の先端部がセラミ
ツクス製のノズル先端部に当接することがない。
このため、ノズル先端部及び中間金属部材とノズ
ル先端部との接合部に針弁の着座時に生じる衝撃
力が加えられなくなり、ノズル先端部の耐久性と
接続強度が大巾に向上されることになる。[Operation] When the needle valve housed in the nozzle body so as to be able to rise and fall is seated on the seat portion, the tip of the needle valve does not come into contact with the tip of the ceramic nozzle.
Therefore, the impact force generated when the needle valve is seated is not applied to the nozzle tip and the joint between the intermediate metal member and the nozzle tip, and the durability and connection strength of the nozzle tip are greatly improved. Become.
また中間金属部材は耐摩耗性、低熱膨張係数を
もつているため減りが少ない上に熱膨張が極力抑
えられるため接続部の接続強度が一定に保たれ
る。さらに、針弁をセラミツクスで形成すること
は、針弁のシート面の摩耗を減少させると共に、
中間金属部材と同等の熱膨張係数をもつため、シ
ート部に対して常に気密に着座し燃料流量の変動
を押えることができる。 Further, since the intermediate metal member has wear resistance and a low coefficient of thermal expansion, there is little wear and tear, and thermal expansion is suppressed to a minimum, so the connection strength of the connection portion is maintained constant. Furthermore, forming the needle valve with ceramics reduces wear on the seat surface of the needle valve, and
Since it has the same coefficient of thermal expansion as the intermediate metal member, it can always sit airtight on the seat part and suppress fluctuations in fuel flow rate.
［実施例］
以下にこの発明の噴射ノズル構造の好適一実施
例を添付図面に基づいて説明する。[Embodiment] A preferred embodiment of the injection nozzle structure of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
第１図に示されるように円筒状のノズル本体１
内には、半径方向に適度なクリアランスを有して
針弁２が昇降自在に収容されている。このノズル
本体１は鉄または鉄系金属で構成される。ノズル
本体１の先端には、リング状の中間金属部材３が
一体的に接続されており、この中間金属部材３の
内周面の先端側には上記針弁２のシート面２ａが
気密に着座されるシート部３ａが形成されてい
る。この実施例にあつて中間金属部材３はニレジ
スト鋳鉄等の耐摩耗性、低熱膨張率をもつ金属材
料から形成される。中間金属部材３の他端には、
セラミツクスにて焼成されたノズル先端部４が一
体に接続されており、このノズル先端部４は上記
針弁２の先端外周面に倣うように断面Ｖ字形に形
成されている。また、上記シート部３ａに針弁２
のシート面２ａが着座されたときにおいて、ノズ
ル先端部４の内周面４ａと針弁２の先端部の外周
面との間には僅かなクリアランスを保つように設
定される。ところで、ノズル本体１が鉄、鉄系金
属で形成され、針弁２がセラミツクスで形成され
ると、両者の熱膨張係数の大巾な違いから、ノズ
ル本体１が針弁２に対して軸方向にのびてセラミ
ツクス製の針弁２とのクリアランスが増加し、燃
料流量が変化することになる。このため本実施例
では、上記中間金属部材３のシート部３ａの上方
に上記針弁２のステム部２ｂの一部を包囲する筒
部３ｂを形成している。この筒部３ｂの軸方向の
長さは、セラミツクス（例えばSi3N4）とスチー
ルとの熱膨張係数の差から適正に設定することが
できる。さらに、ノズル先端部４には、そのノズ
ル先端部４の傾斜方向に対して交差する方向に開
口された噴口５が形成されており、またこの噴口
５は実施例では傾斜方向に間隔をおいて複数形成
されている。ノズル先端部４の内周面４ａには上
記複数の噴口５を結ぶ溝６が形成されており、こ
の溝６が各噴口へ燃料を案内する。即ちこの溝６
は燃料だまりをなくして燃料の切れを良くし、ひ
いては噴口５のカーボンづまりを防止するもので
あり、また各噴口５から燃料が均等に噴射される
ようにしたものである。 As shown in FIG. 1, a cylindrical nozzle body 1
A needle valve 2 is accommodated therein with an appropriate clearance in the radial direction so as to be movable up and down. This nozzle body 1 is made of iron or iron-based metal. A ring-shaped intermediate metal member 3 is integrally connected to the tip of the nozzle body 1, and the seat surface 2a of the needle valve 2 is airtightly seated on the tip side of the inner peripheral surface of the intermediate metal member 3. A sheet portion 3a is formed. In this embodiment, the intermediate metal member 3 is made of a metal material having wear resistance and a low coefficient of thermal expansion, such as Niresist cast iron. At the other end of the intermediate metal member 3,
A nozzle tip 4 fired from ceramics is integrally connected, and the nozzle tip 4 is formed to have a V-shaped cross section so as to follow the outer peripheral surface of the tip of the needle valve 2. In addition, a needle valve 2 is provided on the seat portion 3a.
When the seat surface 2a is seated, a slight clearance is maintained between the inner circumferential surface 4a of the nozzle tip 4 and the outer circumferential surface of the tip of the needle valve 2. By the way, if the nozzle body 1 is made of iron or iron-based metal and the needle valve 2 is made of ceramics, the nozzle body 1 will not be able to move in the axial direction with respect to the needle valve 2 due to the large difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between the two. The clearance with the ceramic needle valve 2 increases over time, and the fuel flow rate changes. For this reason, in this embodiment, a cylindrical portion 3b is formed above the seat portion 3a of the intermediate metal member 3 to surround a part of the stem portion 2b of the needle valve 2. The length of the cylindrical portion 3b in the axial direction can be appropriately set based on the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between ceramics (for example, Si 3 N 4 ) and steel. Furthermore, the nozzle tip 4 is formed with a nozzle 5 that is opened in a direction crossing the inclination direction of the nozzle tip 4, and in the embodiment, the nozzle 5 is spaced apart in the inclination direction. Multiple formations. A groove 6 connecting the plurality of nozzles 5 is formed in the inner peripheral surface 4a of the nozzle tip 4, and this groove 6 guides the fuel to each nozzle. That is, this groove 6
This eliminates fuel pools and improves fuel exhaustion, thereby preventing carbon clogging of the nozzle ports 5, and also ensures that fuel is evenly injected from each nozzle port 5.
ところで、ノズル本体１と中間金属部材３とは
この実施例では摩擦圧接により溶着され、また、
中間金属部材３とセラミツクス製のノズル先端部
４とはブレージング溶接または拡散溶接によつて
接続される。 By the way, the nozzle body 1 and the intermediate metal member 3 are welded together by friction welding in this embodiment, and
The intermediate metal member 3 and the ceramic nozzle tip 4 are connected by brazing welding or diffusion welding.
さらに、噴口５はセラミツクスの焼成と同時に
形成できるため、噴口５の形状を異形にすること
や噴口５を精度良く形成することができる。７は
燃料室、８は燃料通路である。 Further, since the nozzle 5 can be formed at the same time as the ceramic is fired, the nozzle 5 can be formed into an irregular shape and the nozzle 5 can be formed with high precision. 7 is a fuel chamber, and 8 is a fuel passage.
［発明の効果］
以上説明したことから明らかなように本発明の
噴射ノズル構造によれば次の如き優れた効果を発
揮できる。[Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the above explanation, the injection nozzle structure of the present invention can exhibit the following excellent effects.
(1) 金属製のノズル本体とセラミツクス製のノズ
ル先端部との間にこれらを接続し、セラミツク
ス製の針弁が着座されるシート部が形成された
中間金属部材を介設し、その中間金属部材を耐
摩耗製、低熱膨張率をもつ金属材料で構成した
ので、針弁の着座時に生じる衝撃力をノズル先
端部に加えることなく、このノズル先端部及び
中間金属部材とノズル先端部に加えることがな
くなり、耐久性を大巾に向上できる。(1) A metal nozzle body and a ceramic nozzle tip are connected to each other, and an intermediate metal member having a seat portion on which a ceramic needle valve is seated is interposed, and the intermediate metal member is Since the member is made of wear-resistant metal material with a low coefficient of thermal expansion, the impact force generated when the needle valve is seated is not applied to the nozzle tip, but is applied to the nozzle tip, intermediate metal member, and nozzle tip. This will greatly improve durability.
(2) ノズル本体とノズル先端部とを接続する中間
金属部材に、シート部及びこのシート部上に針
弁を包囲する筒部を形成したので、これらのク
リアランス関係を一定に保つて燃料流量を一定
にすることができる。(2) Since a seat part and a cylindrical part surrounding the needle valve are formed on the seat part in the intermediate metal member that connects the nozzle body and the nozzle tip, the fuel flow rate can be controlled by keeping the clearance relationship constant between these parts. It can be kept constant.
第１図は本発明の噴射ノズル構造の好適一実施
例を示す縦断面図である。
図中、１はノズル本体、２は針弁、３は中間金
属部材、３ａはシート部、４はノズル先端部、５
は噴口である。
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a preferred embodiment of the injection nozzle structure of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is the nozzle body, 2 is the needle valve, 3 is the intermediate metal member, 3a is the seat part, 4 is the nozzle tip, 5
is a spout.
Claims (1)
属製ノズル本体に、低熱膨張係数をもち先端側に
上記針弁が着座されるシート部を備えたリング状
の中間金属部材を接続し、この金属部材の先端に
セラミツクスから形成されて噴口を備えたノズル
先端部を接続したことを特徴とする噴射ノズル構
造。 ２ 上記中間金属部材がニレジスト鋳鉄から構成
されると共に、上記シート部より上方に針弁のス
テム部を包囲する筒部を備えた上記特許請求の範
囲第１項記載の噴射ノズル構造。 ３ 上記中間金属部材と上記ノズル本体とが圧接
により接合された上記特許請求の範囲第１項記載
の噴射ノズル構造。 ４ 上記中間金属部材と上記ノズル先端部とがブ
レージング溶接により接合された上記特許請求の
範囲第１項記載の噴射ノズル構造。 ５ 上記ノズル先端部が上記シート部に上記針弁
が着座されたときに、その針弁の先端外周面とノ
ズル先端部の内周面との間に僅かなクリアランス
を有して形成された上記特許請求の範囲第１項記
載の噴射ノズル構造。[Scope of Claims] 1. A ring-shaped intermediate metal member having a metal nozzle body that accommodates a ceramic needle valve in a vertically movable manner, and a seat portion having a low coefficient of thermal expansion and on the tip side of which the needle valve is seated. An injection nozzle structure characterized in that a nozzle tip formed from ceramics and provided with an injection port is connected to the tip of the metal member. 2. The injection nozzle structure according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate metal member is made of Niresist cast iron and includes a cylindrical portion surrounding the stem portion of the needle valve above the seat portion. 3. The injection nozzle structure according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate metal member and the nozzle body are joined by pressure contact. 4. The injection nozzle structure according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate metal member and the nozzle tip are joined by brazing welding. 5 The nozzle tip is formed with a slight clearance between the outer circumferential surface of the tip of the needle valve and the inner circumferential surface of the nozzle tip when the needle valve is seated on the seat portion. An injection nozzle structure according to claim 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22191986A JPS6380064A (en) | 1986-09-22 | 1986-09-22 | Jet nozzle structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22191986A JPS6380064A (en) | 1986-09-22 | 1986-09-22 | Jet nozzle structure |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6380064A JPS6380064A (en) | 1988-04-11 |
| JPH0565715B2 true JPH0565715B2 (en) | 1993-09-20 |
Family
ID=16774210
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22191986A Granted JPS6380064A (en) | 1986-09-22 | 1986-09-22 | Jet nozzle structure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6380064A (en) |
-
1986
- 1986-09-22 JP JP22191986A patent/JPS6380064A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6380064A (en) | 1988-04-11 |
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