JPH0576891B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to an apparatus for compressing and solidifying waste containing plastics to reduce its volume.

(Prior art) It is no exaggeration to say that the issue of effective recycling of municipal waste and industrial waste is the most important issue for the preservation of the living environment and for the development of Japan's industry. do not have. Although it has been a long time since this problem was raised, efficient solutions have been intensively studied in various fields, and some of it has been put into practical use as a raw material for producing recycled fuel, but the majority still remains to be incinerated. Currently, we rely on landfill disposal.

(Problem to be solved by the invention) However, if we rely on incineration to dispose of waste,
Today's waste contains many polymeric substances such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride), so when incinerated, it can generate toxic gas, cause secondary pollution such as air pollution, and create new problems in the maintenance of incinerators. This will lead to problems. On the other hand, even when relying on landfill dumping, dumping without treatment can cause foul odors, fires, and even pests, and is not only aesthetically undesirable, but also reduces the volumetric efficiency of transportation and landfilling. It had many problems.

The present invention was made in view of the above problems, and
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel apparatus for compacting and solidifying waste containing plastics, which crushes, kneads, and compresses waste containing bulky plastic molded products such as polystyrene foam and polyethylene into a lumpy solid. do.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The structure of the present invention that achieves the above object will be explained based on the attached embodiment drawings. FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional front view of one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a horizontal sectional plan view of the embodiment, FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line - in FIG. 1, FIG. 4 is a partially cutaway sectional view of the spiral blade of the same embodiment, and FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the casing of the extrusion discharge means of the same embodiment, and FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of the nozzle throttle actuation device of the extrusion discharge means of the same embodiment. That is, the present invention includes a jacket 11 surrounding the jacket 11 into which heated gas is introduced, has through holes 12 in the inner circumferential wall 11a of the jacket for introducing the heated gas in the jacket 11 into the interior 13, and includes plastic. Waste inside 13
An oblong machine frame 1 equipped with an input port 14 at the starting end.
0 is rotatably supported in the machine frame 10 along its longitudinal direction, and the heated gas introduced into the hollow part 21 from outside the machine frame 10 can be discharged from a through hole 22 opened in the peripheral wall 2a. a hollow rotation shaft 2,
a plurality of annular casings 3 that are integrally encased adjacent to the outer periphery of the rotation shaft 2 along its longitudinal direction and have gas reservoirs 31 that communicate with the through holes 22;
A series of spiral blades 40 protrude from the outer periphery of the housing 3.
a spiral blade unit 4 having a radial gas passage 41 within the thickness of the blade 40 for discharging the heated gas in the gas reservoir 31 into the interior 13; and a terminal end portion of the machine frame 10. a first compression means 5 which is disposed at the lower end of the first compression means 5 and operates in the vertical direction; a second compression means 6 which is disposed at the lower end of the first compression means 5 and which operates in a direction parallel to the axis of the machine frame 10; The first and second compression means 5, 6 are connected to the ends of the means 6 and are connected to the ends of the means 6.
This is an apparatus for compressing and solidifying waste containing plastics, and is characterized by comprising an extrusion and discharge means 7 that reciprocates in a direction perpendicular to the extrusion means 7.

(Function) In the horizontal machine frame 10, the heated gas introduced into the jacket 11 provided around the frame is supplied to the interior 13 through the through holes 12 provided in the jacket inner peripheral wall 11a, and the machine is heated. The plastics in the waste, which is fed into the interior 13 via the inlet 14 at the beginning of the frame 10, is thermally melted. Also, machine frame 1
0 has a hollow rotation shaft 2 rotatably supported within its interior 13 along its longitudinal direction.

The hollow rotation shaft 2 allows the heated gas introduced into the hollow portion 21 to pass through a through hole 22 formed in the peripheral wall 2a.
Heating gas is supplied into a gas reservoir 31 of an annular housing 3 integrally fitted around the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 2. The housing 3 has a protruding spiral vane unit 4 that forms a series of spiral vanes 40 with the adjacent one, and the inside of the gas reservoir 31 is provided through radial gas passages 41 that are penetrated through the spiral vane unit 4. Heated gas is emitted from the inside 13 of the jacket 11 to thermally melt the plastics in the waste therein as described above. The thermally melted plastic waste is reduced in volume and conveyed while being crushed and kneaded from the input port 14 toward the terminal end under the action of the spiral blades 40 as the rotating shaft 2 rotates.

The waste containing molten plastics, which is successively conveyed as described above, is compressed by the continuous extrusion action of the spiral blades 40 at the end of the machine frame 10, and then the compressed waste is transferred to the first compression means 5. pushed to the bottom. At this point, the first compression means 5 operates, strongly compressing the waste downward and solidifying it into a prismatic shape. Furthermore, the second compression means 6 disposed perpendicularly to the lower end of the first compression means 5 operates to compress the prismatic solid material in the radial direction. Thus, during compression by the first and second compression means, the contained molten plastic acts as a binder,
The waste is coagulated together into a solid solid. Thereafter, the extrusion/discharge means 7 disposed perpendicularly to the second compression means 6 is activated to sequentially discharge the solid prismatic solids. In order to obtain such a strong solid material, it is desirable that the waste contains 50% or more (by weight) of thermoplastic waste.

(Example) Examples of the present invention will be described in detail below. 1st
In the figures to FIG. 3, 1 is the input port 14 at the starting end.
From there, the municipal waste containing 50% or more of plastic waste, such as bulky styrofoam packaging, polyethylene kerosene tanks, bottle containers, etc., is transported toward the extrusion discharge means 7 at the terminal end. This is an equipment for compressing and solidifying waste containing plastics, which is melted, crushed, kneaded, and extracted as a solid product.

This compression and solidification apparatus 1 includes a horizontally long machine frame 10 surrounding which a heating gas jacket 11 having an oval cross-sectional profile is arranged, and a horizontally elongated machine frame 10 that is arranged inside the machine frame 10 via bearings 18 and 19. A pair of hollow rotating shafts 2, 2 are installed and driven to rotate in opposite directions (indicated by arrows A and B in FIG. 3) so as to capture waste from top to bottom.
and a plurality of annular casings 3, which are integrally fitted around the outer periphery of each rotating shaft 2, 2, and a plurality of annular casings 3, which are protruded from the outer periphery of the casings 3, and which propel the waste thrown in as the rotation occurs. The spiral blade unit 4 constituting a series of spiral blades 40 and the first compression means 5 at the terminal end of the machine frame 10
, a second compression means 6, and an extrusion discharge means 7.

The jacket 11 of the machine frame 10 has a gas chamber 11c between an inner circumferential wall 11a and an outer circumferential wall 11b into which heating gas is introduced from an external conduit 17, and a large number of passages opened from the gas chamber 11c to the inner circumferential wall 11a. Heating gas is ejected through the holes 12 into an interior 13 surrounded by the inner circumferential wall 11a. It is desirable that the side and bottom side of the through holes 12 be provided with baffle plates or wire mesh (not shown) as appropriate to prevent the waste being processed from entering. The machine frame 10 is also provided with an input port 14 at the top of the starting end for partitioning the jacket 11 and introducing waste into the interior 13, and an inspection manhole 16 sealed with a lid 16a at the top near the end. It has a gas vent 15 for venting the heated gas.

The hollow rotation shaft 2 has a bearing 18 held on an end wall 10a on the starting end side of the machine frame 10, and a jacket inner circumferential wall 1 on the terminal end side within the interior 13 of the machine frame 10.
It is rotatably supported by a bearing 19 held on a cross-shaped support 23 fixed to 1a, and is connected to the motor M via a gear 24 fixed to the base end outside the machine frame. Therefore, pinion 2 of the output shaft
5 is meshed with the gear 24 to be rotationally driven in the above-mentioned direction. Heated gas is supplied to the hollow part 21 of the rotation shaft 2 from an external conduit 17 via a universal joint 26 attached to the shaft end, and the heated gas supplied to the hollow part 21 is The liquid is ejected from through holes 22 formed in the shaft peripheral wall 2a. The annular casing 3 is adjacent to the outer periphery of each rotating shaft 2 along its longitudinal direction, and is integrated with the casing through an engagement means such as a key or a spline, or through an airtight means such as an O-ring. , has a gas reservoir 31 communicating with the through holes 22 . In this embodiment, the five casings 3 for each shaft are attached to a nut 29 that is attached to a screw 2c on the terminal end side toward the flange 2b on the starting end side of the rotating shaft 2, which is encircled around the rotating shaft 2. It is twisted and tightened.

A spiral blade unit 4 is fixedly attached to the outer periphery of the annular housing 3 by welding or the like, and a series of spiral blades 40 constituted by the unit 4 spirals from the starting end to the terminal end as shown in the figure. It is formed so that the pitch gradually decreases. This is because although the waste is bulky immediately after being input, it is reduced in volume by the heating gas and the rotation of the spiral blade 40, so this reduced volume waste can be efficiently transported and compressed. . Further, it is a matter of course that the spiral blade 40 should be wound to the right or to the left depending on the direction of rotation of the rotation shaft 2 as shown in the figure.

The spiral blade unit 4 includes within its thickness gas passages 41..., 41'... for ejecting heated gas from the outer peripheral surface and the back surface thereof, and the gas passages 41...
As shown in FIG. 4, they are formed in a radial shape curved in the counter-rotation direction according to the rotation direction in order to prevent waste from entering, and are formed in the housing 3 so as to communicate with the through hole 32 of the outer peripheral wall 3a of the housing 3. Installed by welding and
Heating gas is supplied from a gas reservoir 31 in the housing 3. In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, gas passages 41' formed to eject gas to the rear side between the unit bodies 4 function to more effectively heat the waste accumulated in each unit body 4. do.

A first compression means 5 is provided at the end of the machine frame 10 for vertically compressing waste containing heat-fused, crushed, and kneaded plastics. The first compression means 5 includes a cylinder 52 having a rectangular cross section, a piston 53 that moves up and down within the cylinder 52, and a reciprocating drive means 54 (not shown in the figure), such as pneumatic, hydraulic, or crank type, that drives the piston 53 up and down. (indicates that it is a hydraulic type). A wear-resistant blade 51 is removably attached to the lower half of the side surface of the piston 53 on the machine frame side, while a removable end plate 10b made of the same material is fixed to the end of the machine frame 10. Piston 53
When the blade 51 and the end plate 10b descend, the waste is divided into pieces by the shearing action of the blade 51 and the end plate 10b.

A second compression means 6 is provided at the lower end of the first compression means 5. The second compression means 6 reciprocates in the axial direction of the machine frame 10 and further compresses and compacts waste in the axial direction. This second compression means 6 has a piston 53 at the lower end of the cylinder 52 of the first compression means 5.
A cylinder 62 having a rectangular cross section and communicating through a rectangular opening 61 that extends over the entire width of the cylinder 52 and whose height is the lower surface at the bottom dead center of the cylinder 6.
2 and a part of the cylinder 52, and a hydraulic drive means 64 that drives the piston 63 in a reciprocating manner.

Further, at the lower end of the first compression means 5, there is provided a push-out means 7 that reciprocates in the transverse direction of the machine frame 10 at the same level as the second compression means 6. This extrusion discharge means 7 includes a rectangular parallelepiped-shaped cylinder 72 that communicates with the cylinder 52 through an opening 71 opened on the right side of the lower end of the cylinder 52 of the first compression means 5, and a left side opposite to the cylinder 72. An extrusion nozzle 73 with a substantially rectangular cross section that communicates with the cylinder 52 through an opening 71a opened in the cylinder 7
2 and reciprocates from the cylinder 72 to the cylinder 52 to extrude the extrusion nozzle 7.
a piston 74 that pushes out waste toward the direction of
and an aperture adjustment means 75 for the nozzle 73 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. The aperture adjustment means 75 has V-shaped notches 73a, 73a on both side walls.
The tip opening of the nozzle 73 is provided near the tip of the nozzle 73 with It is for adjusting the working rods 75a and 75b that are in contact with the upper and lower walls of the nozzle 73, and passing through both ends of the upper working rod 75a, and both ends of the lower working rod 75b and both ends of the tension rod 75c. A pair of left and right columns 7 fixed between the parts
5d, 75d, upper action rod 75a and tension rod 7
5c and a hydraulic cylinder 75e.

The operation of the apparatus 1 for compressing and solidifying waste containing plastics having the above-described structure will be explained.

First, the heating gas supplied is 120 to 150℃.
hot air or, if convenient, heated steam.

If the temperature exceeds 200℃, plastics will thermally decompose and generate toxic gases such as hydrogen chloride (HCl), ammonia (NH ₃ ), hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S), and styrene, so be careful when controlling the temperature of the heated gas. will be carried out.

Further, as mentioned above, it is important that the applicable waste contains 50% or more of thermoplastic waste, but it may also contain other general municipal waste such as paper, wood chips, cloth scraps, etc.

In the waste compression and solidification apparatus 1 of this embodiment, heated gas is introduced from the external conduit 17 and sufficiently loosened before operation, and then the motor M is used to move the gears 25, 24, the rotation shafts 2, 2 The spiral blades 40, 40 are rotated in the directions indicated by arrows A and B in FIG. 3 via the housing 3 and the housing 3. Next, when the waste containing the above-mentioned plastics is continuously fed into the hollow interior 13 from the input port 14, the waste is directed from the starting end to the ending end of the machine frame 10 by a pair of spiral vanes 40, 40. The plastic is conveyed while being crushed and kneaded, and during conveyance, the plastic is thermally melted by heated gas supplied from the jacket 11 side of the machine frame 10 and from the outer peripheral side of the spiral blade 40, and the pitch of the spiral blade 40 is reduced. Along with this, the material is sequentially compressed to increase its density as it moves toward the end, and is caked by the molten plastic. The finely granulated, compacted and densified waste is compacted at the end of the machine frame 10. Thereafter, when the pressure reaches a predetermined value, the pressure sensor P operates and the piston 5 of the first compression means 5
3 rises, and the compressed waste is conveyed into the cylinder 52 by the subsequent pushing action of the spiral blade 40. Then, the motor M is temporarily stopped and the piston 53 is lowered to perform primary compression.
At this time, the waste is divided into chunks by the shearing action between the blade body 51 and the end plate 10a, and a substantially constant amount is always
It will be subjected to the action of compression means. Further, since the blade body 51 and the end plate 10a are removable, they can be replaced as appropriate when worn.

The waste strongly compressed into a prismatic shape at the lower end of the cylinder 52 is secondarily compressed in the radial direction by the forward movement of the piston 63 of the second compression means 6 after the piston 53 returns. Next, after the piston 63 moves back, the cylinder 52 is moved by the piston 74 of the pushing and discharging means 7.
is pressed toward the nozzle 73 from the lower end, and is further strongly compressed in the radial direction due to the effect of the progressively contracted shape of the nozzle 73, and is extruded and discharged as a solid whose volume has been compressed to about 1/15 of the original state. Ru. During these compression steps, the contained molten plastic solidifies and acts as a binder to bind the waste materials together, and extremely hard prismatic solid matter is successively discharged from the tip of the nozzle 73. Then, the opening degree of the notches 73a, 73a is appropriately adjusted by the aperture adjusting means 75, and the hardness of the solid material discharged from the tip of the nozzle 73 is adjusted each time. In particular, the types of waste to be treated are various and miscellaneous, and by employing such regulating means 75, treatment of a wide variety of wastes is guaranteed.

The solid material obtained in this way has a volume reduced to approximately 1/15 of that of untreated waste, so even if it is directly disposed of in a landfill, it requires less space and also improves transportation efficiency. Improve. It can also be used as solid fuel.

Although the illustrated example shows an example in which two drive shafts 2, 2 are arranged side by side, it is not excluded that there may be one drive shaft. In addition, the outer diameter of the housing 3 may be increased toward the terminal end to reduce the volume of the interior 13 to increase compressibility, and the outer peripheral wall of the housing 3 may also be provided with a through hole for blowing out heated gas. It is also preferably employed in order to increase heating efficiency.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the apparatus for compressing and solidifying waste containing plastics of the present invention, the apparatus for compressing and solidifying waste containing plastics, which is supplied into the interior 13 from the input port 14 on the starting end side of the machine frame 10. The waste is crushed and kneaded by the rotating spiral blade 40 and conveyed toward the terminal end, and the plastics are heated by the heated gas supplied from the jacket 11 on the outer periphery and the spiral blade 40 on the center side. are thermally melted, and first and second compression means 5 provided at the terminal end of the machine frame 10,
6, and is efficiently discharged from the extrusion discharge means 7 as a compact and extremely tough solid material due to the binder effect of the molten plastic. Therefore, it is possible to save space in landfills, improve transportation efficiency, and even reuse it as solid fuel, which has extremely large social benefits.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional front view of one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a horizontal cross-sectional plan view of the same embodiment, and FIG.
4 is a partially cutaway sectional view of the spiral blade of the same embodiment, FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the - line of FIG. 4, and FIG. FIG. 7, a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the casing, is an explanatory view of the nozzle throttle actuating device of the extrusion and discharge means. (Explanation of symbols), 2...Hollow rotation shaft, 2a...
Peripheral wall, 3... Annular housing, 4... Spiral blade unit,
5...first compression means, 6...second compression means, 7...
...Extrusion discharge means, 10... Machine frame, 11... Jacket, 11a... Inner peripheral wall, 13... Inside, 14...
...Input port, 21...Hollow part, 22...Through hole, 31
...Gas reservoir, 40...Spiral blade, 41...Radial gas passage.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. It is equipped with a jacket 11 around it into which heated gas is introduced, has through holes 12 in its inner circumferential wall 11a for introducing the heated gas in the jacket 11 into the interior 13, and has wastes including plastics inside. A horizontally long machine frame 10 is provided with an input port 14 at the starting end for feeding gas into the machine frame 13, and a heated gas is rotatably supported in the machine frame 10 along its longitudinal direction and introduced into the hollow part 21 from outside the machine frame 10. A hollow rotating shaft 2 that can be discharged from a through hole 22 formed in the peripheral wall 2a, and a hollow rotating shaft 2 that is integrated with a ring adjacent to the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 2 along its longitudinal direction. A plurality of annular casings 3 each having gas reservoirs 31 communicating with the holes 22, and a series of spiral blades 40 protruding from the outer periphery of the casing 3. a spiral blade unit 4 having radial gas passages 41 for discharging the heated gas into the interior 13; a first compression means 5 disposed at the terminal end of the machine frame 10 and operating vertically; It is arranged at the lower end of the first compression means 5 and is connected to the machine frame 1.
a second compression means 6 operating in a direction parallel to the axis of
is connected to the end of the second compression means 6 and is connected to the first
and an extrusion/discharge means 7 which reciprocates in a direction perpendicular to the second compression means 5, 6.