JPH0577364B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a sheet material used as an enclosure in agricultural greenhouses and gardening greenhouses.
This invention relates to a novel agricultural or horticultural greenhouse material that can create an environment suitable for cultivating certain types of agricultural products and garden plants, which is unprecedented and can provide good ventilation and shade. .

[Prior Art] Conventionally, seedlings of plants that prefer well-ventilated, shaded areas without direct sunlight have been cultivated, such as benjamin, yutsuka, happiness tree, and konshinnen, which are well-known as ornamental plants. There are no agricultural or horticultural greenhouse materials suitable for cultivating such things, and conventional greenhouse materials that provide a lot of shade usually have poor ventilation, and conversely, those that provide good ventilation have poor shading effects. It was common for them to be small.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In view of the above-mentioned points, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a product with good air permeability and a large shade effect, which are not found in conventional products, which are generally contradictory. The purpose is to provide new agricultural or horticultural greenhouse materials that can provide a good environment at the same time.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the agricultural or horticultural greenhouse material of the present invention has the following configuration.

That is, the agricultural or horticultural greenhouse material of the present invention is a sheet material used as an enclosure in such greenhouses, and a large number of the narrow sheets have a multilayer structure and are breathable through the gaps between adjacent narrow sheets. This is an agricultural or horticultural greenhouse material characterized by being connected and formed into a sheet shape.

[Effect] The present invention will be explained in more detail below.

In the present invention, agricultural or horticultural greenhouse materials include:
The following are collectively referred to as:

In other words, covers, tents, and houses for the protection and cultivation of rice and vegetable seedlings in agricultural work;
Similarly, in covers, tents, greenhouses, etc. for the protection and growth of ornamental plants, flowers, garden trees, fruit trees, and other plant seedlings, or at room temperature, etc.
In the present invention, materials in the form of dots or sheets used as enclosing materials for walls are collectively referred to as materials for agricultural or horticultural greenhouses.

FIG. 1 is a schematic model diagram showing one embodiment of a house using the house material for cultivating seedlings of ornamental plants and flowers according to the present invention.

In the house 1 shown in FIG. 1, the exterior material including the roof of the house is made of a multilayer structure sheet material to be described later. Note that 2 is the entrance/exit door to the house.

Moreover, FIG. 2 is a schematic model diagram showing an example of an embodiment of a tent made of the greenhouse material of the present invention and having a generally well-known shape for growing plants.

The house material of the present invention is a sheet-like material used as an enclosure for these greenhouses, and the sheet-like material has a multilayer structure in which a large number of narrow sheets have a multilayer structure, and ventilation is allowed to flow through the gaps between adjacent narrow sheets. It is formed into a sheet shape that can be connected.

Such structures are shown in FIGS. 3A to C, 4A to C,
This will be explained in more detail using FIG. 5.

Figure 3 A, B, C and Figure 4 A, B, C are
FIG. 3 is a model diagram showing the cross-sectional structure of a sheet material which is an agricultural or horticultural greenhouse material of the present invention.

3A to 3C are model diagrams showing the cross-sectional structure near the connecting joint of the house material of the present invention, which is formed by connecting a large number of narrow sheets,
In the same figure A, narrow sheets S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ , S ₄ ,
This is a model of a multi-layered superimposed structure in which S ₅ , S ₆ , and S ₇ are stacked one on top of the other, shifting their positions one after another, resembling a tiled roof or a canopy. In the figure, arrow c indicates the forward direction from the upper layer side to the lower layer side of the multilayer structure.

Figure 3B shows, in addition to what is shown in Figure 3A,
S′ ₁ , S′ ₂ , S′ ₃ , S′ ₄ , S′ ₅ , S′ ₆ , S of narrow sheet
There is another sheet material that has a similar multi-layer superimposed structure, in which layers of ' ₇ are stacked one on top of the other while shifting their positions one after another.
This figure shows the house material of the present invention, which is used symmetrically on the back side of the sheet and is configured to have a double multilayer structure.

Figure 3C shows narrow sheets S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ , S ₄ , S ₅ ,
S ₆ and S ₇ are connected to form one layer,
S′ ₁ , S′ ₂ , S′ ₃ , S′ ₄ , S′ ₅ of the narrow sheets are stacked on that layer with their positions shifted.
，
This figure shows an embodiment in which another layer consisting of S' ₆ and S' ₇ is provided to provide a multilayer structure sheet material.

Figure 4 A, B, and C are Figure 3 A, B, and C, respectively.
Corresponding to C, these are model diagrams showing the cross-sectional structure near the middle (unconnected part) of adjacent connecting joints of the house materials of the present invention, each of which is made up of a large number of narrow sheets connected together. Width sheet S ₁ ,
S ₂ , S ₃ , S ₄ , S ₅ , S ₆ , S ₇ , and S′ ₁ , S′ ₂ , S′ ₃ ,
This is a model showing a state in which S′ ₄ , S′ ₅ , S′ ₆ , and S′ ₇ are forming appropriate gaps between adjacent narrow sheets.

FIG. 5 is a plan view showing as a model a representative structural example of one embodiment of the house material according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 3 A to C, 4 A to C, etc. narrow sheets S ₁ , S ₂ , S ₃ , S ₄ , S ₅ ,
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view showing a state in which S ₆ and S ₇ are sewn together by sewing machine at approximately equal intervals and connected below in the width direction to form a sheet.

In the same figure, dotted lines 3, 4, 5, and 6 are sewing machine suture lines, and the ee-e cross-sectional views are shown in FIGS.
The cross-sectional view near the connecting joint (suture line part) in C and the ff cross-sectional view correspond to the cross-sectional view near the middle (non-connecting part) of the adjacent connecting joints in FIGS. 4A to C, respectively. be.

Because the house material of the present invention has such a unique structure, as shown in the model diagrams in Figures 4A to 4C, air can enter and exit as shown by arrow a, while raindrops and water droplets can It is not repelled and cannot enter the interior as shown by arrow b, and direct sunlight does not enter the interior from any direction, providing high breathability and shielding properties, as well as excellent water repellent and waterproof effects. You can get it. In particular, if a narrow sheet that has been treated to be water-repellent or oil-repellent is used, extremely high water-repellent and oil-repellent effects can be obtained.

In addition, in Fig. 3 A, B and Fig. 4 A, B,
The direction of arrow c indicates the forward direction of the multilayer structure from the upper layer side to the lower layer side, and the house material of the present invention can be used in the forward direction of the multilayer structure and from the upper side to the lower side of the agricultural or horticultural greenhouse. It is preferable to use the material so that the directions substantially coincide with each other in order to obtain the above-mentioned high air permeability and shielding effects as well as better water repellent and waterproof effects.

In the present invention, a narrow sheet refers to a sheet-like sheet whose width is narrower than its length, and the width is not particularly limited, but it is preferably a woven fabric having a width of about 1 mm to 500 mm. , knitted fabrics, non-woven fabrics,
The material is a sheet-like material such as a film, and is preferably a woven or knitted material or a film-like material in order to make the effects of the present invention more effective and workability during production.

The narrow sheet can be manufactured by weaving the sheet to a desired width using a ribbon loom or tape loom, or by weaving it on a wide loom and cutting it to the desired width using a cutter or the like on the loom or after weaving is completed. Furthermore, a method for obtaining a desired narrow-width woven fabric by interweaving easily soluble fibers at the boundary to be slit and then treating the easily soluble fibers in a liquid that dissolves them after weaving; There are various methods such as slitting the sheet into a narrow sheet, and a specific manufacturing method may be selected in consideration of workability, specifications of the desired narrow sheet, etc. as appropriate.

It is generally difficult to manufacture a narrow sheet with a width of less than 1 mm, and it is also generally difficult to form a fabric into a multilayer structure.
This is not desirable, and if the width exceeds 500mm,
In terms of functionality, especially in terms of breathability, which is the most characteristic feature of the present invention, it tends to be no different from ordinary fabrics, so it is not preferable. Therefore, the sheet width is more preferably in the range of 2 mm to 100 mm, and even more preferably in the range of 3 mm to 30 mm. Further, the sheet may be an irregularly shaped narrow sheet having an average width of approximately 1 mm to 500 mm and exhibiting appropriate unevenness or wavy shape. Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape of the narrow sheet may be a flat piece of fabric, a ``he'' shape, a ``dog'' shape, a combination of these, a ``W'' shape, etc. It may have a cross-sectional structure bent in a shape such as , ], ), ], ", ∫, .

Further, the structure of the narrow sheet may normally be a single layer, but in some cases, it may be a cylindrical sheet or a sheet with a double structure such as a double layer fabric. Note that the sheet width refers to the width of both ends of the sheet in the short direction. However, for those with a bent or curved cross-sectional shape, this refers to the width at both ends in the bent or curved state. Furthermore, if it is cylindrical, it refers to the diameter of the cylinder.

The narrow sheet is preferably a textile product such as a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a non-woven fabric, or a film from the viewpoint of performance when used as an agricultural or horticultural greenhouse. Examples include polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate or its copolymers (e.g., copolymer components such as isophthalic acid and 5-sodium sulfoisophthalate), polybutylene terephthalate or its copolymers, and nylon 6, 11, 12, 66. , 610, etc. and their copolymers,
Synthetic fibers such as acrylic polymers, polyurethane, polyethylene, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polypropylene and its copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, regenerated cellulose fibers such as rayon and kyupra, and semi-synthetic fibers such as acetate and triacetate. Synthetic fibers and natural fibers such as cotton, linen, silk, and wool can all be used, and these fibers can be used alone or in combinations, blends, blends, twisted twists, mixed weaves, etc., depending on the purpose. They may be used in combination.

Among these, there are composite narrow sheets that are a combination of polyester fibers and polyamide fibers, and different fiber yarns such as high-shrinkage fiber yarns and low-shrinkage fiber yarns that are made by copolymerizing isophthalic acid with polyester fibers. Narrow sheets made from composite yarns combined with water-sensitive fibers obtained by spinning polyvinyl alcohol with a low degree of oxidation exhibit shrinkage performance during processing and are bulky. (Improved bulkiness), and by obtaining good bulkiness, the adhesion between the narrow sheets is eliminated, air permeability is further improved, and higher performance can be obtained, which is preferable. Furthermore, as a method of obtaining bulkiness, there is also a method of constructing a narrow sheet using a single multifilament yarn subjected to bulk processing such as woolly processing.

Furthermore, in order to obtain a multilayer structure fabric having higher bulkiness and air permeability, for example, when forming a multilayer structure fabric by using a stretchable narrow tape particularly containing polyurethane fibers, etc., the tape should be moderately By temporarily adhering the thin tapes under tension, sewing and joining the narrow tapes, and then releasing the temporary adhesion, the tapes become wavy and a larger gap structure can be obtained between the sheets.

In addition, narrow elastic tapes containing polyurethane fibers, etc. and narrow width tapes consisting of other fibers are alternately arranged, and appropriate tension is applied to the narrow elastic tapes containing polyurethane fibers, etc. It is also preferable to convert the fabric into a fabric and release the tension, since the wave shapes obtained are different from each other and larger voids can be provided.

On the other hand, film-like sheets include films made of polyester, aromatic sulfide (PPS), polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, vinyl chloride, polystyrene, etc., or copolymers thereof; , preferred in terms of durability.

In the present invention, the multilayer structure using narrow sheets refers to a superimposed structure or a stacked structure made of a plurality of narrow sheets as shown in FIGS. 3A to C and 4 A to C. It is a generic term that indicates In other words, a fabric with a superimposed structure is a fabric formed by layering narrow sheets in multiple layers, as shown in Figure 3A. It has a structure similar to that of overlapping straw hats. In addition, a fabric with a layered structure is a fabric obtained by overlapping two or more pieces of fabric made of narrow sheets having a cross-sectional structure as shown in FIG. 3C above. . Therefore, FIG. 3B has both a superimposed structure and a superimposed structure.

There are various specific methods for forming a multilayer structure sheet material using a large number of narrow sheets, and the method is not necessarily limited, but for example, the method shown in FIGS. 3A and 4A is used. The method for forming such a superimposed structure sheet material is to apply a water-soluble glue (polyvinyl alcohol-based, acrylic-based glue, etc.) to a moderately sized cylinder whose surface is coated with a fluororesin such as polytetrafluoroethylene. ) is impregnated with narrow sheets that are sequentially wrapped around a cylinder while rotating them under the desired overlapping width, dried, adjoining narrow sheets are temporarily attached to each other, and then cut into the shape of the axis of the cylinder. A temporarily bonded sheet-like material having a superimposed structure of narrow sheets is obtained. Further, the temporary adhesive sheet-like material of the narrow sheet obtained in this way is sewn, for example, at desired intervals in the forward direction of the multilayer structure (superimposed structure), that is, in the direction in which the narrow sheet does not turn up. The narrow sheets are sewn together at regular or random intervals, and then the sheet material is immersed in hot water to dissolve and remove the water-soluble glue used for temporary bonding. By doing so, the house material of the present invention can be obtained.

In addition, as a method for obtaining a temporary adhesive sheet, a narrow sheet as described above is impregnated with a water-soluble adhesive in advance, and the tape is wrapped around a cylinder in an undried state, and then dried.
In addition to the method of temporary adhesion, there is a method of wrapping a narrow sheet around a cylinder, then applying a water-soluble glue mixture to the narrow sheet using a spray or brush, and drying to obtain a temporary adhesive sheet. .

Further, as a method for joining and connecting the narrow sheets, a high frequency sewing machine, an ultrasonic sewing machine, or the like may be used. The method of joining and connecting the narrow sheets is not limited to sewing, but
Other methods such as adhesive methods can also be used, but in the case of sewing with a sewing machine, the stacked structure sheet can be processed in the forward direction, which prevents wrinkles as much as possible and is also easy to work with. It is practical in certain respects.

Further, after temporary adhesion, when the narrow sheets are sewn together using a sewing machine to form a sheet material, a seam reinforcing tape may be overlapped at the sewn portion, and the reinforcing tape may be sewn in at all times. Further, after forming into a sheet material, in order to further stabilize the multilayer structure, it is also preferable to perform ironing and/or hot pressing on the lower side of the multilayer structure in the forward direction.

Furthermore, it is more preferable to subject the sheet material to water-repellent treatment depending on the use. Water repellent treatment can be carried out by applying a suitable water repellent such as a silicone-based or fluorine-based water repellent using a spraying method, a patting method, or
This can be easily done by applying the water repellent agent using a dipping method, a coating method, etc. Among these methods, the padding method is the best in that it can uniformly apply the water repellent to the sheet material, and it also Similarly to the sewing machine method mentioned above,
It is effective to treat the stacked structure sheet-like material in the forward direction to prevent the occurrence of wrinkles.
In these respects, the padding method is preferable.

Next, when forming an agricultural or horticultural greenhouse using the multilayered sheet material made of the narrow sheet of the present invention, the sheet material may be used 100%, or it may be combined with other sheet materials. It may be something.

In addition, a sheet-like portion in which a large number of narrow sheets exhibit a multilayer structure and are connected to each other so as to allow ventilation through the gaps between adjacent narrow sheets is formed only in a part of the sheet material. The house material of the present invention may be used.

When constructing the house material of the present invention into a house, it is practical to use it so that the forward direction of the multilayer structure substantially coincides with the direction from the top to the bottom of the house, as described above. , it is not necessarily limited to such usage,
It may be used in any suitable direction.

An agricultural or horticultural greenhouse using the house material of the present invention can be easily constructed by appropriately cutting the sheet material of the present invention, sewing or joining the same.

[Examples] Next, Examples will be shown, but this is for the purpose of clarifying the present invention, and the present invention is not limited or restricted by these Examples.

Example 50 denier, 24 filament nylon filament yarn, warp yarn, also 100 denier,
A narrow sheet was obtained by weaving a 25 mm wide fabric using a tape loom using a 48 filament nylon filament yarn as the weft yarn.

This narrow sheet was immersed in a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol glue and rolled up to the desired width on a cylindrical roll whose surface was coated with fluororesin while rotating the roll so that the overlap width was 4 mm. . After drying the sheet thus obtained, it was cut in the roll axis direction to obtain a sheet temporarily adhered with the water-soluble glue described above.

Next, the sheet is sewn into a 20mm
Sewing was performed with a machine at equal intervals in the width direction of the narrow sheet and in the direction (forward direction) in which the narrow sheet did not turn up, to obtain a multilayered fabric with a multilayer structure.

The fabric was immersed in hot water at 80°C, washed with water to dissolve and remove the water-soluble glue, and then dried.
A house material of the present invention having a structure as shown in FIGS. 3A and 4A was obtained, which was made of narrow sheets with a width of 25 mm, an overlap width of 4 mm, and a stitch pitch width of 20 mm.

Next, we manufactured a gardening house whose schematic structure is shown in Fig. 1 using the materials and cultivated ornamental plants.We found that it was the best for cultivating ornamental plants because it had both a shading effect and a ventilation effect. It was confirmed that this environment was able to provide an environment that could promote significant growth without withering.

[Effects of the Invention] The agricultural and horticultural house materials of the present invention have the following excellent functions and effects by having the above-described configuration.

(1) It is possible to construct an agricultural or horticultural greenhouse that prevents direct sunlight from hitting the interior and has extremely high ventilation. Therefore, this greenhouse is ideal for cultivating ornamental plants that require ventilation and prefer shade.

(2) It is possible to easily construct an agricultural or horticultural greenhouse that has high air permeability, as well as waterproofness, shielding properties, moisture permeability, and appropriate heat retention.

(3) Through various combinations of different materials and different hues, it not only has the above-mentioned composite functions of light-shielding and breathability, but also changes colors, giving it an extremely rich aesthetic and fashionable appearance that was previously unconventional. You can get an agricultural or horticultural greenhouse that you can't see.

Furthermore, by taking advantage of its color diversity and other characteristics, it is possible to easily construct greenhouses that are identified by variety.

(4) By appropriately selecting the colors and color combinations of the narrow sheets used, their positions, sizes, etc., a house can be created that absorbs light well and maintains a high temperature while maintaining good ventilation. It is also possible to set various conditions as appropriate, such as a house that reflects relatively light and does not get too hot.

For example, if you use black materials, or use a combination of white, gray, or transparent materials, and set the position and size appropriately, you can create a basic house. Various settings can be made for the internal environment.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a gardening greenhouse which is an example of how the greenhouse material of the present invention is used. Second
The figure is a schematic diagram showing an agricultural tent which is an example of how the house material of the present invention is used. Figure 3A,
B and C are model diagrams showing the cross-sectional structure near the connecting joint of the house material of the present invention, which is formed by connecting a large number of narrow sheets. Figures 4A, B, and C correspond to Figures 3A, B, and C, respectively, and all of them are intermediate points between adjacent connecting joints of the house material of the present invention, which is made up of a large number of connected narrow sheets. FIG. 3 is a model diagram showing a cross-sectional structure in the vicinity (unconnected portion). Figure 5 shows Figures 3 A to C,
FIG. 4 is a plan view showing, as a model, a representative structural example in one embodiment of the house material according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C and the like. S ₁ to S ₇ , S′ ₁ to S′ ₇ : narrow sheet, 1: house,
2: House entry/exit door, 3, 4, 5, 6: Sewing section, arrow a: direction of air entry, arrow b: raindrops,
Direction in which water droplets are repelled, arrow c: forward direction of multilayer structure.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A sheet material used as an enclosure in agriculture or gardening greenhouses, in which a large number of narrow sheets exhibit a multilayer structure and are interconnected to allow ventilation through the gaps between adjacent narrow sheets. An agricultural or horticultural greenhouse material characterized by being formed into a sheet shape. 2. A sheet-like portion formed by a large number of narrow sheets exhibiting a multilayer structure and connected so as to be ventilated through the gaps between adjacent narrow sheets,
The agricultural or horticultural greenhouse material according to claim 1, characterized in that it is formed as a part of a sheet material. 3. Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the forward direction from the upper layer side to the lower layer side of the multilayer structure is used so as to substantially coincide with the direction from the upper side to the lower side of the agricultural or gardening house. The listed agricultural or horticultural greenhouse materials.