JPH0582196B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

"Field of Industrial Application" The present invention relates to a method for hydrolyzing fats and oils using lipase, and more specifically, to a method for hydrolyzing fats and oils using lipase.
Hydrolysis of fats and oils, characterized by obtaining a hydrolysis product of fats and oils with a high monoglyceride content by allowing a lipase having 1,3-position specificity to act in a system containing 20 to 500 times the weight of a specific buffer solution. Regarding the method. "Conventional technology and problems" The conventional method of hydrolyzing fats and oils using lipase is a method that increases the hydrolysis rate to over 95%.
For example, Candida cylindracea, which acts on fatty acids at all glyceride positions.
Using a lipase such as Cylindracea, the hydrolysis reaction is carried out for about 20 to 60 hours in a system containing 10 to 300% water by weight based on the substrate fat and oil, and a decomposition rate of 97 to 98% or more is obtained (specially (No. 57-57799). These known methods of hydrolyzing fats and oils using lipase hydrolyze fatty acids and glycerin, and it is difficult to obtain hydrolysis products of fats and oils with a high monoglyceride content. "Means for Solving the Problems" In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for obtaining a hydrolysis product with a high monoglyceride content in the hydrolysis of fats and oils using lipase. be. The present inventors have conducted intensive research to obtain a hydrolysis product of fats and oils with a high monoglyceride content that is useful as a food emulsifier, etc., instead of increasing the hydrolysis rate and decomposing fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerin. As a result of stacking, 20 to 500 for specific substrate fats and oils.
In a system where twice the weight of a specific buffer is present,
By using a lipase with specificity for the 1 and 3 positions, we succeeded in obtaining a hydrolysis product with a high monoglyceride content. That is, in the present invention, an oil or fat in which the 1 and 3 fatty acid residues of glyceride are saturated fatty acids is used as a substrate oil, and a McIlvaine buffer solution is present in an amount of 20 to 500 times the weight of the substrate oil. The present invention is a method for hydrolyzing fats and oils, which is characterized in that a hydrolysis product with a high monoglyceride content is obtained by applying a lipase having 1,3-position specificity to the system. Substrate fats and oils used in the present invention include palm oil medium melting point fraction containing 1,3 dipalmito-2-olein as a main component, shea butter medium melting point fraction containing 1,3-distearo-2-olein as a main component, etc. An oil or fat in which the fatty acid residues at positions 1 and 3 of the glyceride are saturated fatty acids is used. That is, a higher content of monoglycerides can be obtained compared to a substrate oil such as olive oil in which the fatty acid residues at the 1 and 3 positions are unsaturated fatty acids. As the water used in the present invention, McIlvaine buffer is used. Using this buffer, a higher content of monoglycerides can be obtained than when using ion-exchanged water. The monoglyceride content of the hydrolyzed product changes depending on the combination of the substrate fat and water, reaching more than 50% by weight in the case of palm oil medium melting point fraction and McIlvaine buffer, but in the case of olive oil and McIlvaine buffer, 15 to 50% by weight in the case of palm oil medium melting point fraction and ion-exchanged water or in the presence of hexane, etc.
monoglyceride content. Although it is possible to exceed 500 times the weight of water,
In industrial use, it is disadvantageous as the cost increases due to the large size of the reaction tank. The lipase used in the present invention may be any lipase as long as it has 1,3 position specificity. Specifically, lipases of animal/plant origin or microbial origin, such as pancreatic lipase, rice bran lipase, Rhizopus lipase, and Mucor lipase, are used. Although the hydrolysis reaction can be carried out by directly adding lipase to the reaction system, the hydrolysis reaction can also be carried out by immobilizing lipase by a known method such as adsorption onto a support to improve dispersibility.
As the support, known supports such as diatomaceous earth, polysaccharide derivatives, and ion exchange resins can be used. The lipase solution or immobilized lipase dispersion can be reused. Although the hydrolysis reaction of the present invention varies depending on the type of lipase, it is generally desirable to carry out the reaction at a temperature in the range of 30 to 50°C. When using a thermostable lipase, it is possible to perform the reaction at temperatures of 60°C or higher. Preferably, the hydrolysis reaction is carried out within 5 hours. A hydrolysis reaction within 3 hours is particularly desirable. A reaction exceeding 5 hours is undesirable because the fatty acid at the 2nd position of the glyceride is rearranged to the 1st or 3rd position, resulting in further hydrolysis, producing fatty acids and glycerin, and resulting in a decrease in the monoglyceride content. The method of the present invention uses one or more types of substrate fats and oils.
Add 100 parts of water, 2000 to 50,000 parts of water, and 0.05 to 20 parts of commercially available lipase with 1,3 position specificity (commercial standard lipase with activity of about 4000 to 40,000 units) directly or as immobilized lipase,
The hydrolysis reaction is carried out by stirring at ~50°C. When the amount of water used in conventional hydrolysis reactions is about 500 parts or less, the amount of monoglyceride accumulated is less than 10% by weight, but in the hydrolysis reaction of the present invention, the content of monoglycerides can be increased to 60% by weight or more. It is possible. "Examples" The present invention will be described below with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these in any way. Example 1 100 parts of palm oil medium melting point fraction, 30,000 parts of McIlvaine buffer (PH8.0), 60 parts of 1 molar calcium chloride aqueous solution, commercially available powdered lipase originating from Mucor javanicus (Amano (manufactured by Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) were stirred at 40°C to carry out a hydrolysis reaction. After the reaction was completed, hexane was added, and after stirring and centrifugation, the hexane solution was collected and the hydrolysis product was extracted. Analysis method: Using a differential refractometer as a detector, each glyceride and fatty acid composition of the hydrolysis product was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) column. Furthermore, analysis of monoglycerides was performed by HPLC using a differential refractometer as a detector. The analysis results (weight %, same below) are shown in Table 1.

[Table] Comparative Example 1 Following the method of Example 1 except that ion-exchanged water was used instead of the Matsukuilbuain buffer, 2
A time hydrolysis reaction was carried out. The results are shown in Table 2.

[Table] Comparative Example 2 A hydrolysis reaction was carried out for 2 hours according to the method of Example 1, except that olive oil was used instead of the palm oil medium melting point fraction. The results are shown in Table 3.

[Table] Comparative Example 3 Instead of 100 parts of palm medium melting point fraction, 50 parts of palm oil medium melting point fraction and 50 parts of shea butter medium melting point fraction were added to hexane.
A hydrolysis reaction was carried out for 3 hours in accordance with the method of Example 1, except that the solution was dissolved in 200 parts. The results are shown in Table 4. In this example, since the substrate oil is dissolved in hexane, the monoglyceride content is low.

[Table] Comparative example 4 McIlvaine buffer solution (PH
8.0) A hydrolysis reaction was carried out according to the method of Example 1, except that 500 parts and 1 part of a 1 molar calcium chloride aqueous solution were used. The results are shown in Table 5.

[Table] Comparative example 5 McIlvaine buffer solution 1500
The hydrolysis reaction was carried out in accordance with the method of Example 1 except for using 3 parts of a 1 molar calcium chloride aqueous solution.
The results are shown in Table 6.

[Table] "Action/Effect" According to the method of hydrolyzing fats and oils of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a high content of monoglyceride useful as a food emulsifier, etc., and its industrial significance is extremely large.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. An oil or fat in which the 1 and 3 fatty acid residues of glycerides are saturated fatty acids is used as a substrate oil, and a McIlvaine buffer solution of 20 to 500 times the weight of the substrate oil is used. In the existing system, 1,
A method for hydrolyzing fats and oils, characterized in that a hydrolysis product with a high monoglyceride content is obtained by applying a lipase having 3-position specificity. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hydrolysis product contains 50% or more by weight of monoglycerides based on the total glycerides.