JPH0582273B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Object of the Invention] Industrial Application Field The present invention measures the size, thickness, shape, etc. of shiitake mushrooms in a non-contact manner and automatically sorts them by brand according to predetermined selection criteria. This relates to a method for selectively selecting.

BACKGROUND ART In general, in order to sell shiitake mushrooms profitably in the market, whether dried or fresh, it is important to standardize quality standards and select them accordingly.

Conventionally, shiitake mushrooms have been sorted by size using sieves with meshes of various sizes.

Problems that the invention aims to solve: However, when sieving thin meat, there is a risk that it may be damaged or the outer periphery may be chipped, and the thickness and shape cannot be checked by sieving alone, so in the end, it is necessary to rely on human labor. The reality is that we don't get it. As described above, manual sorting not only requires high labor costs, but also has many problems such as limited processing capacity and variations in sorting accuracy due to individual differences, and improvements have been desired.

The present invention was made in response to the above-mentioned conventional demands, and its purpose is to directly or indirectly measure the size, thickness, shape, etc. of individual shiitake mushrooms without directly touching them. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an automatic method for automatically sorting shiitake mushrooms, which enables highly efficient and highly accurate sorting processing by automatically sorting according to predetermined sorting criteria.

[Structure of the Invention] Means for Solving the Problems The automatic shiitake mushroom sorting method of the present invention captures an image of the back side of a shiitake mushroom with an imaging device, and generates a two-dimensional image of the folded part and fold part of the back side of the shiitake mushroom. Obtain the wrapping circumference ratio from the ratio of the sum of pixels belonging to the boundary between the wrapping portion and the pleat portion and the sum of pixels belonging to the outer periphery of the wrapping portion, and The wrapped area ratio is obtained from the ratio of the total of all pixels and the total of all pixels belonging to both the wrapped portion and the folded portion, and these rolled perimeter ratios and wrapped area ratios are calculated based on the shiitake mushroom meat. The present invention is characterized in that it outputs a sorting code signal by comparing and judging the thickness with a classification standard set value, and operates a sorting drive unit in accordance with the sorting code signal to sort the shiitake mushrooms according to their thickness.

Embodiment Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory block diagram showing one embodiment of an automatic sorting device that implements the method of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a measuring conveyor, on which shiitake mushrooms M to be sorted are placed. It is designed to be transported in the direction of the arrow at a predetermined speed.

A camera 2 as an imaging device is installed above the upstream end of the conveyor 1, and is adapted to take images of the shiitake mushrooms M being transported by the conveyor 1. As the image sensor of the camera 2, for example, a CCD or MOS one-dimensional solid-state image sensor is used,
As a result, two-dimensional one-dimensional image signals are sequentially captured and a two-dimensional image is constructed by the slice memory unit 3.

In addition, a two-dimensional image may be constructed using an input means that moves a light source and fixes one light receiver, or a two-dimensional imaging device.

For example, the number of pixels in the two-dimensional image above is 256.
Alternatively, the image size is 512 bits, and the image is basically composed of two images of the folded part _m1 and the folded part _m2 of the shiitake mushroom M, as shown in FIG. The scanning start of the camera 2 is performed by an output frequency-divided pulse from a rotary encoder 4 attached to the conveyor 1 and used to detect the amount of movement thereof. In addition, the field of view of camera 2 needs to be determined by taking into account the maximum diameter of shiitake mushrooms M and the variation in their alignment on conveyor 1. For example, the field of view of camera 2 should be set to 150 mm, and it has become possible to sufficiently image shiitake mushrooms with a maximum diameter of 100 mm. There is.
It is necessary to prevent the next shiitake mushroom M from entering the field of view of the camera 2 while the arithmetic unit A, which will be described later, is performing arithmetic processing. For example, if there are two arithmetic processing units (CPUs), , as shown in Fig. 3, the first CPU acquires the data of the shiitake mushroom M ₁ , and while this CPU is performing calculation processing, the data of the imaged shiitake mushroom M ₂ is acquired by the second CPU. The processing power can be increased by increasing the number of CPUs. Furthermore, in order to prevent the camera 2 from capturing two or more mushrooms M at the same time, the mushrooms M are conveyed one by one onto the conveyor 1, but if the processing capacity of the computing device A is larger, By expanding the width and the field of view of the camera 2, it is possible to image a plurality of shiitake mushrooms M at the same time. Furthermore, the camera 2 was scanning in a direction across the conveyor 1, and the capture of image signals started the instant the leading end of the shiitake mushroom being transferred was captured, and the image of the shiitake mushroom was cut off after passing the trailing end. I am trying to complete it on time.

In FIG. 1, 5 is an arithmetic processing unit that calculates the total circumference, which will be described later, from the two-dimensional image of the shiitake mushroom M constructed by the slice memory unit 3.
Measure the rolled circumference, total area, rolled area, major axis, minor axis, etc., calculate these measured values, or detect defects in the external shape, handles, etc. and perform necessary correction processing, and These calculated values are compared with the classification standard setting values, and the magnitude thereof is determined to output a sorting code signal.

Reference numeral 6 denotes a selection standard setting unit for setting the above-mentioned classification standard setting values, and the standard setting values are inputted in advance using a keyboard, a digital switch, or the like.

Reference numeral 7 denotes a pinboard type shift control unit, which is a device for operating the sorting drive unit 8 in accordance with the sorting code signal from the arithmetic processing unit 5.

9 is a video monitor, and 10 is a lighting device, which uses, for example, a tungsten filament frost bulb.

Incidentally, depending on the processing capacity of the arithmetic unit A, an appropriate number of sets of the above-mentioned conveyor 1, cameras 2, etc. can be installed together.

Next, a method for sorting dried shiitake mushrooms using the apparatus of the above embodiment will be explained.

First, before sending it to the conveyor 1 of this sorting device, the shiitake mushrooms M are sieved in advance, such as large and middle leaves (diameter 55 mm).
or more), middle leaflet (diameter 55-40mm) and lobule (diameter 40mm)
It is preferable to divide the material into pieces (~30mm) and feed them onto the conveyor 1 according to their size, but this is not always necessary.

Next, the camera 2 images the shiitake mushrooms M moving at a predetermined speed on the conveyor 1 as a binary one-dimensional image signal, and the slice memory unit 3 configures this as a two-dimensional image. Subsequently, based on the two-dimensional image of the shiitake mushroom M, the next arithmetic processing unit 5 calculates the rolled circumference ratio, rolled area ratio, minor axis ratio, chipped ratio, etc.

The wrapped circumference ratio is expressed as the sum of wrapped lengths/total circumferential length, the wrapped area ratio is expressed as wrapped area/total area, and the minor axis ratio is expressed as minor axis/long axis, In the case of chipping, it is expressed as chipped circumference length/total circumference length, so first measure the sum of wrapped lengths, total circumference length, wrapped area, total area, short axis, long axis, chipped circumference, etc. from the above image. I'll keep it.

As is clear from Figure 2, the above-mentioned length sum is 2
It is the sum of the pixels belonging to the boundary between the converted folded part m ₁ and the folded part m ₂ , and the total circumference length is calculated as the sum of the pixels belonging to the outer periphery. Further, the wrap-around area is the sum of all pixels belonging to the wrap-around portion m ₁ , and the total area is calculated as the sum of all pixels belonging to both the wrap-up portion m ₁ and the pleat portion m ₂ .

Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 4, the major axis is determined by four points (Z ₁ , Z ₂ , Z ₃ ,
Z ₄ ), the two points with the maximum length (Z ₂ , Z ₄ in this figure)
Find the periapsis, and choose the longest one as the major axis. Then, the length between the two points (Z ₅ , Z ₆ ) on the contour line closest to the perpendicular bisector of the major axis is defined as the minor axis.

In addition, if the outer shape of the shiitake mushroom M is missing as shown in Figure 5, or if the stalk protrudes outward,
For example, point X-X where the outline of the external shape changes rapidly
The above measurement values are corrected by tying and smoothing the folds, and by cutting out the island-like portion S within the pleats _m2 .

In addition, for shiitake mushrooms M that have been deformed to such an extent that they cannot be identified by the above-mentioned shape determination based on the minor axis ratio, the triangular or gourd-shaped mushrooms shown in FIG. 6 may be identified for high-grade products. . That is, the sixth
In Figure A, the longer side of the shorter axis divided by the longer axis is a, and the shorter side is b, = (b/a) x
100, and in Figure 5 B, draw a perpendicular line at a point 1/4 inside from both ends of the major axis, and draw the longer one as a,
Letting the shorter one be b, we get = (b/a) x 100.

If the final degree of deformation is taken, then in principle =
If <50 and < then =
shall be.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 7, the winding width B of the winding portion _m1 is measured at 16 points, and based on this data, the degree of offset of winding, that is, the opposing ratio is calculated.

Based on each measurement value calculated as above, first, it is determined whether or not it is a small piece such as scraps based on the total area, and if it is a small piece, this is ignored and the sorting code signal is not output. I'll keep it. Further, the rolled-up area ratio is calculated from the rolled-up area and the total area to identify the front and back of the shiitake mushroom M, and if the rolled-up area ratio is abnormally large, it is regarded as the front side and a return code signal is output, Either the shiitake mushroom M is removed midway and the process is repeated until the back side is detected, or the mushroom M is turned over using an appropriate reversing means and imaged again. In addition, the above-mentioned sorting of small pieces and return of shiitake mushrooms with the surface side facing up may reduce the efficiency of the sorting process described in detail below, so this device does not contain small pieces and is completely It is better to operate the conveyor 1 in advance so that only the shiitake mushrooms with their back sides facing up are flowed onto the conveyor 1.

As mentioned above, from the binarized image of a shiitake mushroom M whose underside is facing upward, rather than small pieces, the total area, wrapped circumference ratio, wrapped area ratio, short/long axis ratio (degree of deformation), chipped ratio,
The contrast ratio and the like are measured and calculated, compared with classification standard setting values set in advance by the selection standard setting unit 6, and classified according to the selection standard as shown in FIG. That is, first, the calculated winding circumference ratio is compared with the classification standard set value and classified into three categories: large, medium, and small. As for the wrapped circumference ratio, the smaller the value, the larger the wrapped portion and the thicker the wall. Conversely, the larger the value, the thinner the wall.
As shown in the diagram, we will roughly categorize them into thick, medium, and value.

Next, the calculated winding area ratio is compared with a set reference value and further divided into large and small categories to be sorted into six categories in total. As for this wrapped area ratio, the larger the value, the larger the wrapped portion and the thicker the wall. Conversely, the smaller the value, the thinner the wall. (average), medium meat (top), medium meat (average),
Classify them into virtue and non-value.

Furthermore, the calculated short/long axis ratio is compared with a set reference value and divided into large and small (large, medium and small at the bottom). As for this ratio of minor to major axis, the larger the value, the more rounded it is, and conversely, the smaller it is, the more elongated it becomes. In this way, the final results are thick (upper), thick (average), medium (upper), medium (average), economical (upper), economical (average), economical (thick), and exceptional. Classify into 8 brands and output the classification code signal.

In addition, when measuring the chipping of the external shape, the degree of chipping (chip area/total area) is also calculated, and if the degree is large, it is preferable to perform a processing operation to move the grade to a lower rank.

The sorting code signal outputted from the arithmetic processing unit 5 is transmitted to the next shift control unit 7, which finally operates the sorting drive unit 8 for sorting.

In the above example, the final classification is into eight categories, but the method of the present invention is not limited to this.
The above-mentioned classification standard setting values can be appropriately set according to the brand selection criteria.

Further, the conveyor is not limited to a linear conveyor as described above, but may be a conveyor such as a turntable, and in short, any conveyor may be used as long as it moves the shiitake mushrooms at a predetermined speed across the field of view of the camera. Therefore, the camera may be moved in the opposite direction.

Furthermore, there is also a method of binarizing an image that uses color signals. For example, the color of the conveyor 1 and the color of the shiitake mushroom M are combined to obtain a signal with the highest contrast ratio. Furthermore, although the image processing becomes somewhat complicated, a multivalued signal may be extracted to create a more accurate processing input signal. Additionally, it is also possible to drop Shiitake M from a predetermined height and measure the weight based on the degree of impact, or measure the color using a color image, and add these weights and colors to the selection criteria. It is.

Furthermore, although the above embodiments have been explained using dried shiitake mushrooms, fresh shiitake mushrooms may also be used.

As described above, the present invention composes an image of a shiitake mushroom without directly touching it using an imaging device, calculates the calculation values necessary for classification from the image through production processing, and compares the calculated values with predetermined classification standard setting values. Since the sorting drive unit is actuated in accordance with the sorting code signal after making a judgment, there is no risk of damaging the shiitake mushrooms, and the effect is that the mushrooms can be sorted into predetermined brands extremely quickly and with high precision.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory block diagram showing an embodiment of an automatic sorting device that implements the method of the present invention, and FIG.
An explanatory diagram of the digitized shiitake mushroom image. Figure 3 is a diagram that explains the relationship between data acquisition and processing time of the CPU and the flow of shiitake mushrooms. Figure 4 is a diagram that explains the method for measuring the major axis and minor axis. Figure 5 The figure is a diagram explaining the correction process for irregular images due to chipping of the outer shape and the pattern, Figures 6A and B are diagrams explaining the method of measuring the degree of deformation, and Figure 7 is a diagram explaining the method of measuring the wrap width. , FIG. 8 is a diagram explaining the selection process. 1...Measuring conveyor, 2...Camera, 3...
Slice memory unit, 4... Rotary encoder, 5... Arithmetic processing unit, 6... Sorting standard setting unit, 7... Pin board type shift control unit, 8... Sorting drive unit,
9...Video monitor, 10...Lighting device, A...
...Arithmetic device, B...Involving edition, M...Shiitake mushroom, m ₁ ...
...Involving part, m ₂ ...Fold part, X, Y, Z ₁ to _{Z 6}
……point.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 The back side of a shiitake mushroom is imaged with an imaging device to obtain a two-dimensional image of the rolled part and the fold part on the back side of the mushroom, and the sum of pixels belonging to the boundary between the rolled part and the fold part and the rolled part are calculated. Obtain the wrapping circumference ratio from the ratio of the sum of pixels belonging to the outer periphery of the portion, and the sum of all pixels belonging to the wrapping portion and the sum of all pixels belonging to both the wrapping portion and the pleat portion. The wrapped area ratio is obtained from the ratio of and, and these wrapped circumference ratios and wrapped area ratios are compared with the classification standard set value for the thickness of shiitake mushrooms, and a sorting code signal is outputted. An automatic method for sorting shiitake mushrooms, characterized in that a sorting drive unit is activated by a sorting code signal to sort the mushrooms according to their thickness.