JPH0583774B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0583774B2 JPH0583774B2 JP61095015A JP9501586A JPH0583774B2 JP H0583774 B2 JPH0583774 B2 JP H0583774B2 JP 61095015 A JP61095015 A JP 61095015A JP 9501586 A JP9501586 A JP 9501586A JP H0583774 B2 JPH0583774 B2 JP H0583774B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- coil
- spring
- cross
- section
- flatness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
- F16F1/04—Wound springs
- F16F1/042—Wound springs characterised by the cross-section of the wire
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
Description
(産業上の利用分野)
この発明はコイルばねに係るものであり、応力
低減、重量軽減およびその密着高さの低減等を図
ることのできるコイルばねに関するものである。
(従来の技術)
最近、自動車の軽量化が進む中で、エンジンの
弁ばねといつた部品もまた軽量化の対象となつて
きている。加えて、エンジンの収納スペースが限
られていることから、弁ばね自体はそとの密着長
ができるだけ小さいことも要求されている。前者
の要求を満たそうとするには、一定量のエネルギ
ーを吸収する重量を小さくしなければならない。
したがつて、断面周上の応力を均一化して、最大
応力τnaxの値を低くしなければならない。
また、後者の要求を満たそうとする場合には、
総巻数を少なくし、素線のコイル軸方向に関する
寸法を小さくしなければならない。
ところで、従来より弁ばねに用いられているコ
イルばねは、断面円形のものが普通である。従前
より、この断面形状のものは軸荷重が作用した場
合に、コイルの内側と外側とで応力が相違し、内
側の方が大きくなることは、よく知られていると
ころである。この最大応力は、ワールの式によつ
てそれぞれ次のように求められる。
τmax=8PD/πd3×(4C−1/4C−4+0.615/C)
〔d=コイル素線径、D=平均コイル径 C=
D/d…ばね指数〕
このような最大応力が増大する欠点を改良した
ものの最近の技術に、特開昭58−149432号公報の
ものがある。このものは、コイル素線のは断面形
状をコイル内側がほぼ半楕円形でコイル外側がほ
ぼ半円形をなす形状(以下、半円・半楕円形状と
いう)としたものである。
(発明が解決しようとする問題点)
しかしながら、この半円・半楕円形状のものに
あつても、最大応力および密着高さを理想的に低
減させる、という点からすれば、必ずしも充分な
ものとは言えなかつた。
この発明では、最大応力を可能な限り低減する
ことのできる形状を見出し、重量および密着高さ
の低減を図ろうとするものである。
(問題点を解決するための手段)
上記の目的を達成するために、本発明は所定の
条件下で、最大応力の最も小さくなる形状を、コ
ンピユータによる最適化問題として解析すること
とした。そして、解析の結果、コイル素線の断面
形状において、当該断面のほぼ重心を通るコイル
軸線方向の中心線を境とする外側半楕円様部分と
内側半楕円様部分とからなり、外側半楕円様部分
のコイル径方向の半径は内側半楕円様部分のコイ
ル径方向の半径よりも僅かに長く形成され、しか
もコイル径方向の素線径とコイル軸方向の素線径
の比で与えられるコイル偏平度が1.15〜1.4の範
囲に設定されている構成が、上記の目的を達成し
うるものであることを見出したのである。
(実施例)
本例コイルばねの素線形状
前述したように、本例コイルばねの素線断面
は、所定条件下に素線断面に作用する最大応力を
最小なものとする最適化制御の結果、見出された
ものである。第1図は素線1の具体的な断面形状
を示したものである。これによると、コイルの内
側を0°、コイルの外側を180°とし、中心(素線断
面の重心)における角度θの関数として近似的に
表すと、次頁に示すようになる。素線径Rは、
R=(E0+E1*CosX+E2*Cos2X+E3*
Cos3X+E4*Cos4X)*d
、で表される。
ここで、E0〜E4は素線1の偏平度毎に定まる
係数である。また、素線1の偏平度とはコイル軸
線方向の素線径(T)、コイル径方向の素線径
(W)としたときの(W/T)の値をいう。また、
dは上記の式で表わされる形状と同一の断面積を
有する円形断面を有する素線の径である。なお、
上記のE0〜E4の具体的な数値として、偏平度a
が1.15の場合を示すと、E0=0.49941、E1=
0.00004、E2=0.03491、E3=−0.00220、E4=
0.00180、である。
したがつて、この形状においては、
R〓=0<R〓=〓となつている。つまり、素線1はその
断面形状において当該断面のほぼ重心を通るコイ
ル軸線方向の中心線を境とする外側半楕円様部分
1aと内側半楕円様部分1bとからなり、外側半
楕円様部分1aのコイル径方向の半径は内側半楕
円様部分1bのコイル径方向の半径よりも長く形
成されて、外側が尖つた形状となつている。この
ような外側半楕円様部分1aと内側半楕円様部分
1bとの半径差は第1図に示されているように僅
かなものであるが、最大応力の減少に大きく寄与
するものである。
また、最大応力はコイルの偏平度(W/T)に
よつても変化し、この偏平度(W/T)は以降で
説明するように1.15〜1.4の範囲に設定されるの
が好ましい。
次に、上記の形状のものについて本出願人が行
なつたばね特性の解析結果を以下に示す。
本例コイルばねの特性
(i) 最大応力に関する比較
第2図は、素線の断面が円形形状のもの、およ
び半円・半楕円形状のものとの最大応力に関する
本例との比較を偏平度毎に行なつた結果を示すも
のである。この場合、同一断面積(φ4mm相当)
および同一のばね指数(c=6.5)で比較してあ
る。横軸が偏平度であり、縦軸が最大応力であ
る。これによると、本例のものは、従来の円形断
面のものおよび半円・半楕円もののいずれに比べ
ても応力が低下しているのが分る。このことを換
言すれば、最大応力を同じとすれば、素線自体を
細くすることができることを意味するため、ばね
の密着高さの低減と重量の低減が併せて図れる。
ここで、図示のように偏平度(W/T)が1.4を
越えるとその最大応力τは円形断面の場合と大差
なくなつてしまい、また、1.15を下まわると同一
偏平度の半円・半楕円のものと大差がなくなつて
しまうため、結局のところ、偏平度(W/T)は
1.15から1.4の範囲に設定するのが好ましいので
ある。これを、以下に具体的に示す。
(ii) 密着高さ比
第3図は円形断面のばねと、本例ばねとの密着
高さの比較を一定条件のもとで、素線の偏平度毎
にばね指数(C)を変化させながら行なつた結果
を示すものである。この場合の条件は、コイル内
径Di;一定、コイルばねに加えられた荷重p=
60Kg、最大応力τ=70Kg/mm2、ばね定数K=3
Kg/mm、とする。横軸はばね指数であり、縦軸は
円形断面のものを1とした場合の密着高さ比であ
る。
これによると、本例のばねの密着高さは円形断
面のものと比してほぼ15〜25%低減されているの
が分る。
(iii) 重量比
第4図は円形断面のばねと、本例ばねとの重量
の比例を一定の条件下で、素線1の偏平度毎にば
ね指数を変化させながら行なつた結果を示したも
のである。この場合の条件は、上記した()の
場合と同一条件である。
次表は、本例コイルばねの具体的な事例を示す
ものであつて、最大応力を一定としたもとでの、
円形断面のもの、半円・半楕円のものとの比較も
示してある。表中、aは素線の偏平度、Dgはコ
イル中心間径、nはコイル有効巻き数、Hsは密
着高さ、Wgはばね重量をそれぞれ示している。
また、解析条件はコイル内径Di=22(mm)、ばね
定数K=3(Kg/mm)、60Kg、τ=70(Kg/mm2)
である。
(Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a coil spring, and more particularly, to a coil spring that can reduce stress, weight, and height of close contact. (Prior Art) Recently, as the weight of automobiles has progressed, parts such as engine valve springs have also become targets for weight reduction. In addition, since the storage space for the engine is limited, the length of the valve spring itself must be as short as possible. To meet the former requirement, the weight that absorbs a certain amount of energy must be reduced.
Therefore, the stress on the circumference of the cross section must be made uniform to lower the value of the maximum stress τ nax . Also, if you want to meet the latter requirement,
The total number of turns must be reduced and the dimensions of the strands in the coil axis direction must be reduced. By the way, coil springs conventionally used for valve springs usually have a circular cross section. It has been well known that when an axial load is applied to a coil having this cross-sectional shape, the stress is different between the inside and outside of the coil, and is larger on the inside. This maximum stress is determined by Wahl's equation as follows. τmax=8PD/πd 3 × (4C-1/4C-4+0.615/C) [d=coil wire diameter, D=average coil diameter C=
D/d...Spring index] A recent technique that improves this drawback of increased maximum stress is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 149432/1983. In this product, the cross-sectional shape of the coil wire is approximately semi-elliptical on the inside of the coil and approximately semicircular on the outside of the coil (hereinafter referred to as semicircular/semi-elliptical shape). (Problem to be solved by the invention) However, even the semicircular/semielliptical shape is not necessarily sufficient from the point of view of ideally reducing the maximum stress and adhesion height. I couldn't say it. The present invention aims to find a shape that can reduce the maximum stress as much as possible, and to reduce the weight and the height of contact. (Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention analyzes the shape that minimizes the maximum stress under predetermined conditions as an optimization problem using a computer. As a result of the analysis, the cross-sectional shape of the coil wire consists of an outer semi-ellipse-like part and an inner semi-ellipse-like part with the center line in the coil axis direction passing through the center of gravity of the cross section as a border, and the outer semi-ellipse-like part. The radius in the coil radial direction of the portion is formed to be slightly longer than the radius in the coil radial direction of the inner semielliptical portion, and the coil flatness is given by the ratio of the wire diameter in the coil radial direction and the wire diameter in the coil axial direction. It has been found that a configuration in which the degree is set in the range of 1.15 to 1.4 can achieve the above object. (Example) Wire shape of this example coil spring As mentioned above, the strand cross section of this example coil spring is the result of optimization control that minimizes the maximum stress acting on the strand cross section under predetermined conditions. , was discovered. FIG. 1 shows a specific cross-sectional shape of the strand 1. As shown in FIG. According to this, if the inside of the coil is 0° and the outside of the coil is 180°, and approximately expressed as a function of the angle θ at the center (center of gravity of the strand cross section), it will be as shown on the next page. The wire diameter R is R=(E0+E1*CosX+E2*Cos2X+E3*
It is expressed as Cos3X+E4*Cos4X)*d. Here, E0 to E4 are coefficients determined for each flatness of the strand 1. Further, the flatness of the strand 1 refers to the value of (W/T), where the strand diameter in the coil axis direction (T) and the strand diameter in the coil radial direction (W). Also,
d is the diameter of a wire having a circular cross section having the same cross-sectional area as the shape expressed by the above formula. In addition,
As a specific value for E0 to E4 above, the flatness a
When is 1.15, E0=0.49941, E1=
0.00004, E2=0.03491, E3=-0.00220, E4=
It is 0.00180. Therefore, in this shape, R〓 =0 <R〓 = 〓. In other words, the cross-sectional shape of the strand 1 consists of an outer semi-elliptical portion 1a and an inner semi-elliptical portion 1b, which are bordered by the center line in the coil axis direction passing through the center of gravity of the cross section, and the outer semi-elliptical portion 1a The radius in the radial direction of the coil is longer than the radius in the radial direction of the coil of the inner semi-elliptical portion 1b, and the outer side has a pointed shape. Although the difference in radius between the outer semielliptical portion 1a and the inner semielliptical portion 1b is small as shown in FIG. 1, it greatly contributes to reducing the maximum stress. Further, the maximum stress also changes depending on the flatness (W/T) of the coil, and this flatness (W/T) is preferably set in the range of 1.15 to 1.4 as described below. Next, the results of an analysis of the spring characteristics conducted by the applicant of the above-mentioned shape are shown below. Characteristics of the coil spring of this example (i) Comparison regarding maximum stress Figure 2 shows a comparison of this example regarding maximum stress with wires whose cross sections are circular, semicircular, and semielliptical. The results are shown below. In this case, the same cross-sectional area (equivalent to φ4 mm)
and are compared using the same spring index (c=6.5). The horizontal axis is the flatness, and the vertical axis is the maximum stress. According to this, it can be seen that the stress of this example is lower than that of the conventional circular cross section, semicircular or semielliptical cross section. In other words, if the maximum stress is the same, it means that the wire itself can be made thinner, so that the height of the spring in close contact with the spring can be reduced and the weight can be reduced at the same time.
Here, as shown in the figure, if the flatness (W/T) exceeds 1.4, the maximum stress τ will not be much different from that of a circular cross section, and if it is less than 1.15, a semicircular or semicircular cross section with the same flatness. There is no big difference from the elliptical one, so in the end, the flatness (W/T) is
It is preferable to set it in the range of 1.15 to 1.4. This will be specifically shown below. (ii) Adhesion height ratio Figure 3 shows a comparison of the adhesion height between a spring with a circular cross section and this example spring, under certain conditions, by varying the spring index (C) for each flatness of the strands. The results are shown below. In this case, the conditions are: coil inner diameter Di; constant, load applied to the coil spring p =
60Kg, maximum stress τ=70Kg/mm 2 , spring constant K=3
Kg/mm. The horizontal axis is the spring index, and the vertical axis is the adhesion height ratio when the circular cross section is taken as 1. According to this, it can be seen that the contact height of the spring of this example is reduced by approximately 15 to 25% compared to the spring with a circular cross section. (iii) Weight ratio Figure 4 shows the results of comparing the weights of a spring with a circular cross section and the spring of this example under certain conditions while changing the spring index for each flatness of the strand 1. It is something that The conditions in this case are the same as in the case of () above. The following table shows a specific example of this example coil spring, with the maximum stress being constant:
Comparisons with those with circular cross sections, semicircles, and semiellipses are also shown. In the table, a represents the flatness of the strands, Dg represents the coil center-to-center diameter, n represents the effective number of coil turns, Hs represents the contact height, and Wg represents the spring weight.
In addition, the analysis conditions are coil inner diameter Di = 22 (mm), spring constant K = 3 (Kg/mm), 60Kg, τ = 70 (Kg/mm2)
It is.
【表】
この計算結果から明らかなように、本例のもの
は、円形断面のものおよび半円・半楕円のものに
比べても、密着高さおよびばね重量がそれぞれ軽
減されている。本例のものは、円形断面のものと
比較すると、密着高さにして約13〜20%低減し、
ばね重量にして約6〜8%低減している。また、
半円・半楕円のものと比較すると、密着高さにし
て約0.6〜5%低減し、ばね重量にして約1.5〜11
%低減している。
(発明の効果)
本発明は以上の説明から明らかなように、コイ
ル素線の断面形状において、当該断面のほぼ重心
を通るコイル軸線方向の中心線を境とする外側半
楕円様部分と内側半楕円様部分とからなり、前記
外側半楕円様部分のコイル径方向の半径は前記内
側半楕円様部分のコイル径方向の半径よりも僅か
に長く形成され、しかもコイル径方向の素線径W
とコイル軸方向の素線径Tの比で与えられるコイ
ル偏平度が1.15〜1.4の範囲に設定されている構
成であるため、従来の円形ばねと比較しては勿論
のこと、半円・半楕円のばねと比べても、最大応
力が低くなつており、併せて密着高さおよびばね
重量がそれぞれ理想的に低減している。したがつ
て、例えば、自動車の弁ばねとして使用すれば、
弁ばね重量の低減による固有振動数のアツプによ
り、サージングを発生させる振動数がアツプする
ことになるため、サージング防止にも寄与する。
また、密着高さの低減により、エンジン全体の高
さを低減することができ、またこの分だけエンジ
ン重量を低減することができる。[Table] As is clear from the calculation results, the contact height and spring weight of this example are reduced compared to those of circular cross section and those of semicircle/semi-ellipse. Compared to the one with a circular cross section, the one in this example has a reduced adhesion height of about 13 to 20%,
The spring weight is reduced by approximately 6 to 8%. Also,
Compared to semicircular and semielliptic ones, the contact height is reduced by approximately 0.6 to 5%, and the spring weight is approximately 1.5 to 11% lower.
% reduction. (Effects of the Invention) As is clear from the above description, the present invention provides an outer semi-elliptical portion and an inner half that are bordered by the center line in the coil axis direction, which passes approximately the center of gravity of the cross section, in the cross-sectional shape of the coil wire. The radius of the outer semi-elliptical part in the coil radial direction is slightly longer than the radius of the inner semi-elliptic part in the coil radial direction, and the strand diameter W in the coil radial direction
Since the coil flatness, given by the ratio of the coil diameter T in the axial direction of the coil, is set in the range of 1.15 to 1.4, it is of course better than a conventional circular spring, but it also has a semicircular and semicircular Even compared to elliptical springs, the maximum stress is lower, and the contact height and spring weight are ideally reduced. Therefore, for example, if used as an automobile valve spring,
As the natural frequency increases due to the reduction in the weight of the valve spring, the frequency at which surging occurs increases, which also contributes to surging prevention.
Further, by reducing the contact height, the height of the entire engine can be reduced, and the weight of the engine can be reduced by this amount.
第1図は本例コイルばねの素線の断面図、第2
図は最大応力特性図、第3図は密着高さ比を示す
特性図、第4図は重量比を示す特性図である。
1……素線、1a……外側楕円様部分、1b…
…内側楕円様部分。
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the strands of the coil spring of this example, Figure 2
The figure is a maximum stress characteristic diagram, FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the adhesion height ratio, and FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the weight ratio. 1...Elementary wire, 1a...Outer ellipse-like part, 1b...
...Inner ellipse-like part.
Claims (1)
ほぼ重心を通るコイル軸線方向の中心線を境とす
る外側半楕円様部分と内側半楕円様部分とからな
り、前記外側半楕円様部分のコイル径方向の半径
は前記内側半楕円様部分のコイル径方向の半径よ
りも僅かに長く形成され、しかもコイル径方向の
素線径Wとコイル軸方向の素線径Tの比で与えら
れるコイル偏平度が1.15〜1.4の範囲に設定され
ていることを特徴とするコイルばね。1. The cross-sectional shape of a coil wire consists of an outer semi-elliptical part and an inner semi-elliptical part whose boundary is a center line in the coil axis direction that passes approximately the center of gravity of the cross-section, and the coil diameter of the outer semi-elliptical part The radius in the direction is slightly longer than the radius in the coil radial direction of the inner semielliptical portion, and the coil flatness is given by the ratio of the wire diameter W in the coil radial direction and the wire diameter T in the coil axial direction. A coil spring characterized in that is set in the range of 1.15 to 1.4.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9501586A JPS62251537A (en) | 1986-04-24 | 1986-04-24 | Coil spring |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9501586A JPS62251537A (en) | 1986-04-24 | 1986-04-24 | Coil spring |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62251537A JPS62251537A (en) | 1987-11-02 |
| JPH0583774B2 true JPH0583774B2 (en) | 1993-11-29 |
Family
ID=14126172
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9501586A Granted JPS62251537A (en) | 1986-04-24 | 1986-04-24 | Coil spring |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS62251537A (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4923183A (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1990-05-08 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Non-circular cross-section coil spring |
| JPH02134429A (en) * | 1988-11-10 | 1990-05-23 | Chuo Spring Co Ltd | coil spring |
| FR2678035B1 (en) * | 1991-06-20 | 1995-04-14 | Valeo | SPRING SPRING, ESPECIALLY FOR A TORSION SHOCK ABSORBER. |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5945857B2 (en) * | 1982-03-01 | 1984-11-09 | 日本発条株式会社 | coil spring |
| JPS6069337A (en) * | 1983-09-26 | 1985-04-20 | Murata Hatsujo Kk | Coiled spring of strand having deformed section |
-
1986
- 1986-04-24 JP JP9501586A patent/JPS62251537A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS62251537A (en) | 1987-11-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |