JPH0587740B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention aims to reduce the heat exchange area by bringing hot combustion air, which rises up into flames in many twists and turns, into direct contact with cold water flowing down along a heat exchange porous body. Even with a small water heater, it is possible to quickly turn a large volume of cold water into high-temperature hot water. This invention relates to a direct-fired water heater that absorbs moisture, liquefies it and removes it, and prevents steam from being exhausted outside the water heater as it is.

BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 57-28036 discloses a direct-fire water heater that can quickly turn cold water into high-temperature hot water by bringing hot combustion air into direct contact with flowing cold water. As shown in FIG. 5, this is a structure in which an endothermic chamber 2 in which a water shower 3 is disposed is provided in the upper position of the water heater main body 1.
A combustion chamber 4 surrounded by a water storage tank 5 is three-dimensionally provided in the lower part of the water heater main body 1, and one end of a burner 6 is visible inside the combustion chamber 4. In the heat absorption chamber 2, partitions 7 are laid in multiple stages at intervals, and the partitions 7 are made of a heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant material in a spongy shape so that the entire structure is highly flame permeable. The formed heat-absorbing materials 8 are sequentially placed on the inner wall of the water heater body 1 so that the edges of the heat-absorbing materials 8 are in close contact with each other, and the sprayed cold water and the burning hot air are transferred to the inside of the heat-absorbing materials 8. After the cold water is brought into direct contact evenly and quickly to hot water, the high temperature hot water is stored in the lower hot water storage tank 9, and then the hot water is supplied to an appropriate location via the hot water pipe 10. It is.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention Incidentally, in the above-mentioned publicly known direct-fired water heater, heat-exchanging heat-absorbing materials are arranged in multiple stages above the combustion chamber to raise the combustion hot air generated in the combustion chamber. Since the cold water is made into high-temperature hot water through the heat exchange effect of direct contact with the cold water flowing down through the heat absorbing material, all heat exchange between the cold water and the hot combustion air takes place only in the upper part of the combustion chamber, resulting in heat exchange. The area is limited by the size of the water heater and cannot be increased.

If the number of stages of the heat absorbing material is increased in order to expand the heat exchange area, the combustion hot air will build up back pressure on itself, making it impossible to maintain a good combustion state. As a result, the heat exchange rate is drastically reduced and hot water cannot be continuously obtained. Furthermore, since conventional direct-fired water heaters attempt to obtain hot water through direct heat exchange, a large amount of steam is generated during heat exchange, and this steam is directly discharged from the exhaust pipe to the outside. Because the water heater was vented, the steam condensed and liquefied water droplets dripped from the end of the exhaust pipe, impairing the durability of the water heater.

In the present invention, the cold water flowing along the vertical heat exchange porous body, which has a hollow cylindrical shape and has a large porosity, is brought into direct contact many times with the hot combustion air that rises up the flames while twisting and turning. At the very least, it is possible to expand the heat exchange area and quickly turn a large volume of cold water into high-temperature hot water even with a small water heater. To provide a direct-fired water heater capable of properly absorbing moisture, liquefying and removing generated steam, and preventing the steam from being exhausted to the outside of the water heater as it is.

Means for Solving the Problem In order to achieve the above object, in the direct fire type water heater according to claim 1, the lower part of the water heater body 101 has a combustion port 102 through which the tip of the burner 104 can be seen, and the entire body is shaped like a funnel. A hot water receptacle 103 is provided, and a water supply device 105 containing cold water is provided at an upper position within the water heater main body 101.

Between the hot water receiver 103 and the water supply device 105, a plurality of combustion hot air chambers 108, 108' are arranged inside.
A vertical heat exchange porous body 106 which is partitioned into 108″... and whose periphery is formed into a hollow mesh tube shape with a large porosity is provided. A heat exchange porous body 106 is connected between the upper end side and the exhaust window 113 through an exhaust passage 112, and which transfers combustion hot air ejected from the combustion hot air chamber 108 to the surrounding area through the heat exchange porous body 106.
A plurality of stages of hot air induction chambers are arranged to sequentially introduce the hot air through the combustion hot air chamber 108' into the upper combustion hot air chamber 108', thereby exchanging heat with the combustion hot air that rises as it twists and turns inside the combustion hot air chamber and the hot air induction chamber provided over the plurality of stages. Porous body 1
The cold water flowing down along the 06 is brought into direct contact with the cold water several times to make the cold water into hot water in a short time.

Water supply device 105 located on heat exchange porous body 106
In this step, the water supply port 114 is opened to allow cold water to flow continuously through the wall surface of the heat exchange porous body 106. or,
In the direct-fired water heater according to claim 2, the water heater 10
A combustion port 102 through which the tip of a burner 104 can be seen and a hot water receiver 103 formed entirely in a funnel shape are provided at the bottom of the water heater body 101, and a water supply device 105 containing cold water is provided at an upper position within the water heater body 101. do.

Between the hot water receiver 103 and the water supply device 105, a plurality of combustion hot air chambers 108, 10 are arranged inside.
Vertical heat exchange porous body 10 partitioned into 8', 108''... and formed around the periphery into a hollow mesh tube shape with a large porosity.
6 is placed. Between the inner circumferential surface of the water heater body 101 and the outer circumferential surface of the heat exchange porous body 106, the upper end side communicates with an exhaust window 113 via an exhaust passage 112, and the combustion hot air chamber 108 communicates with the surroundings through the heat exchange porous body 106. Heat exchange porous body 1 for the combustion hot air ejected to
A plurality of stages of hot air induction chambers are arranged to sequentially introduce the combustion hot air chamber 108' into the upper stage combustion hot air chamber 108' through the combustion hot air chamber 108'. The cold water flowing down along the exchange porous body 106 is brought into direct contact many times, and the cold water is turned into hot water in a short time.

Water supply device 105 located on heat exchange porous body 106
Then, the water supply port 114 is opened to allow cold water to flow continuously through the wall surface of the heat exchange porous body 106. Then, in the exhaust passage 112 in the vicinity of the exhaust window 113, a net-like moisture absorbing porous body 115 with a large porosity is arranged so as to block the exhaust passage 112, and exhaust air is exhausted from the exhaust window 113 along the exhaust passage 112 to the outside. The exhaust window 113 is designed to absorb moisture from the steam that is about to escape, condense it, and prevent liquefied water droplets from dripping outside from the exhaust window 113.

Effect In the invention of claim 1, if the hot combustion air is sent from the combustion port 102 into the combustion hot air chamber 108 at the lower stage,
The combustion hot air passes through the wall surface of the heat exchange porous body 106, which has a large heat exchange area and a large porosity, and exits to the hot air induction chamber 110 on the outside. The hot air is introduced into the combustion hot air chamber 108' through the wall surface of the heat exchange porous body 106, and further passes through the wall surface of the heat exchange porous body 106 from the heat exchange porous body 106 from the middle stage combustion hot air chamber 108'. After exiting the induction chamber 110', it enters the upper combustion hot air chamber 108' through the wall surface of the heat exchange porous body 106, and finally enters the upper combustion hot air chamber 1.
08'', passes through the wall surface of the heat exchange porous body 106, exits to the upper hot air induction chamber 110'', and enters the exhaust passage 11.
2 and is exhausted to the outside of the water heater main body 101 through the exhaust window 113.

Therefore, as described above, while the hot combustion air twists and turns and sequentially flows from the lower stage to the upper stage, the entire heat exchange porous body 106 is intensely heated, and the water supply device 105 disposed above is also heated. .

Therefore, under the above-mentioned conditions, the water supply port 11
Heat exchange porous body 106 for hot water whose temperature has been raised somewhat from 4.
When water is supplied to the top, the hot water slowly flows down along the wide porous surface of the heat exchange porous body 106, and the combustion occurs as it flows through the wall surface of the heat exchange porous body 106, twisting and turning from the lower stage to the upper stage. The hot air is in direct contact with the hot air without interruption, and an efficient heat exchange action is carried out. At the same time, the heat exchange is promoted by the high-temperature combustion air from the upper stage to the lower stage, so that the hot water flows through the porous surface of the heat exchange porous body 106. From the upper end to the lower end along the line, the hot water becomes high temperature and is collected in the hot water receiver 103, after which it is supplied to an appropriate location.

While the above-mentioned hot water work continues, the water supply device 105 also continues to be heated by the hot combustion air, so the cold water becomes increasingly hot, and the temperature of the hot water sprayed onto the heat exchange porous body 106 also increases, so that the hot water is continuously heated. It can be obtained by Furthermore, the exhaust hot air whose temperature has been lowered by the efficient heat exchange action with the hot water passes through the exhaust passage 112 together with the steam generated during the heat exchange action, and is exhausted to the outside of the water heater main body 101 through the exhaust window 113.
Further, in the second invention, a large amount of steam generated in the exhaust passage 112 due to the above-mentioned direct heat exchange action is carried along the exhaust passage 112 together with the exhaust hot air whose temperature has been lowered due to the heat exchange action. When the hot air containing a large amount of steam is directly exhausted from the exhaust window 113 to the outside of the device, the porosity is placed in the exhaust passage 112 near the exhaust window 113 so as to block the exhaust passage 112. Large net-like moisture absorbing porous material 115
While flowing through the water, moisture is absorbed, steam is condensed and liquefied, and the generated water droplets are dripped onto the upper end side of the heat exchange porous body 106 along the water supply device 105 to raise the temperature.

Therefore, the steam contained in the exhaust hot air is reliably liquefied and removed by the moisture absorption porous body 115 provided in the exhaust passage 112, so that the water heater main body 10
1, more steam is prevented from being discharged to the outside.

Examples Examples of the direct-fired water heater according to the present invention will be described below.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, 101... is
The water heater main body has a cylindrical cross-sectional shape, and a combustion port 102 is provided at the lower part of the water heater main body 101.
A hot water receiver 103 is disposed in the shape of a truncated conical cylinder, which is opened upward and has a burner 104 built therein. A water supply device 105 containing cold water is disposed at the upper part of the water heater main body 101.
Reference numeral 106 is a vertical heat exchange porous body having a hollow cylindrical shape with a large surface area and a three-dimensional network structure that increases the contact reaction rate. ) is used as a base material and coated with ceramic raw material,
A fired ceramic porous body, an aluminum foam porous body or a stainless steel foam porous body formed by pouring molten stainless steel and molding with a special agent may be considered.

The inside of the heat exchange porous body 106 is partitioned into multiple stages (in the embodiment of the present invention, three stages: upper, middle, and lower) by a plurality of hot air partition plates 107.
The insides are respectively combustion hot air chambers 108, 108', 10.
8''..., and the heat exchange porous body 106 is disposed between the hot water receiver 103 and the water supply device 105.

A water storage tank 109 with an open upper end is provided on the inner periphery of the water heater main body 101 over an appropriate height, and the inner peripheral surface of the water storage tank 109 and the outer peripheral surface of the heat exchange porous body 106 are connected to each other. In between, the upper end side is connected to an exhaust window 113 opened in the top plate of the water heater main body 101 through an exhaust passage 112, and the inside is arranged so as to be located between the hot air partition plates 107, 107, respectively, and has an annular shape. Multiple hot air induction partition plates 11
A multi-stage hot air induction chamber 11 partitioned by 1...
0,110',110''... (in the embodiment of the present invention, upper, middle, and lower three stages) are provided so that the hot combustion air injected into the combustion hot air chamber 108 in the lower stage is guided to the hot air in the lower stage. chamber 110, middle combustion hot air chamber 108',
Middle stage hot air induction chamber 110', upper stage combustion hot air chamber 1
08'' and the upper hot air induction chamber 110'' while being guided and distributed in sequence while twisting and turning, the hot air is made to circulate smoothly through the wall surface of the heat exchange porous body 106 many times,
Heating is performed by hot combustion air that gradually becomes hotter from the lower stage to the upper stage.

114 is a heat exchange porous body 106 having a cylindrical shape.
This is a water supply port opened at the bottom of the water supply device 105 for supplying cold water to the upper end.

Reference numeral 115 denotes a hollow hole with a high porosity that is arranged in the exhaust passage 112 formed between the inner peripheral surface of the upper end side of the water heater main body 101 and the outer peripheral surface of the water supply device 105 so as to block the exhaust passage 112. The moisture-absorbing porous body 115 is a cylindrical moisture-absorbing porous body, and the moisture-absorbing porous body 115 is in direct contact with the cold water flowing vertically in the heat exchange porous body 106 and the combustion hot air flowing in many twists and turns along the lateral direction. The steam condenses and liquefies while flowing through the moisture absorbing porous body 106 together with a large amount of steam generated by the heat exchange and the low-temperature exhaust air. The steam is dripped onto the body 106 to prevent the steam from being directly exhausted to the outside through the exhaust window 113 together with the exhaust heat. The above moisture absorbing porous body 115 is the heat exchange porous body 10
If the structure is the same as that of 5, the effect can be further enhanced. 116 is a hot water storage tank formed between the lower inner circumferential surface of the water storage tank 109 and the outer circumferential surface of the hot water receiver 103, and a hot water supply pipe 117 is connected to the hot water storage tank 116.
The proximal end of the is attached. 118 is a water condensation pipe whose tip end is inserted into the water supply device 105;
19 is a suction/exhaust device connected to the exhaust window 113. 120 is a water supply pipe whose one end is connected to the water supply device 105 and whose other end is inserted into the water tank 109 and opened. Therefore, in the direct-fired water heater of the above embodiment, the burner 104 and the suction/exhaust device 1
19, the combustion hot air exits from the lower combustion hot air chamber 108 to the surrounding lower hot air induction chamber 110, then enters the middle combustion hot air chamber 108', and then exits to the middle hot air induction chamber 110'. After that, it enters the upper stage combustion hot air chamber 108'', finally passes through the upper stage hot air induction chamber 110'', exits to the exhaust passage 112, and enters the exhaust window 1.
13 to the water heater body 1 by the suction/exhaust device 119.
01 is exhausted outside. Then, while the hot combustion air twists and turns as described above and sequentially flows through the multiple stages of combustion hot air chambers 108, 108', 108''... and hot air induction chambers 110, 110', 110'', Not only the entire body 106 but also the water tank 10
9 and the water supply device 105 to turn the stored cold water into hot water.

Therefore, if water is supplied from the water supply port 114 onto the cylindrical heat exchange porous body 106 and the other part through the water supply pipe 120 into the water storage tank 109, the hot water will flow onto the porous surface of the heat exchange porous body 106. As the hot water slowly flows along the flow, it comes into direct contact with the hot combustion air flowing in a high-temperature state from the lower stage to the upper stage, and efficient heat exchange takes place, turning into high-temperature hot water and discharging it into the hot water storage tank 116. While the hot water is stored in the water storage tank 109, the hot water that overflows from the open top side further comes into direct contact with the circulating hot combustion air while flowing down along the heat exchange porous body 106. The hot water becomes high temperature hot water and is stored in a hot water storage tank 116, and finally is supplied to an appropriate location via a hot water supply pipe 117.

By the way, a large amount of steam generated by the above-mentioned direct heat exchange action is circulated through the exhaust passage 112 toward the exhaust window 113 by the suction action of the suction/exhaust device 119 together with the cooled exhaust air. However, since a mesh-like moisture absorbing porous body 115 with a large porosity is disposed in the exhaust passage 112 in the vicinity of the exhaust window 113, the low-temperature exhaust combustion heat containing a large amount of steam is absorbed into the moisture absorbing porous body 115. While passing through the water supply device 105, the steam condenses and becomes liquefied, becoming water droplets that drip along the circumferential surface of the water supply device 105. Therefore, even if the above-mentioned hot water work is continued for a long time, the water heater main body 10
This prevents steam from being directly exhausted to the outside, allowing good hot water work to continue over a long period of time.

The second embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is a direct-fire hot water system that can continuously obtain high-temperature hot water even when the heat exchange porous body 106 is formed into a rectangular plate shape. In the case of the direct fire type water heater of the second embodiment, the shape of the water heater body 101' is formed into an oblong rectangular cylinder shape, and one side of the lower part of the short side of the water heater body 101' A combustion port 102 is provided at the combustion port 102', a horizontal burner 104' is disposed in the combustion port 102', and the hot water receiver 103' is formed as a whole into a rectangular funnel shape with an open top surface, and a hot water storage tank 116' is provided inside. .
The funnel-shaped hot water receiver 103' and the water supply device 10 disposed at the upper part of the water heater main body 101'
5', two heat exchange porous bodies 106', 106' having a rectangular plate shape are disposed opposite to each other at an interval along the horizontal direction.
A chamber is provided between 106'.

Then, a plurality of hot air partition plates 107a, 107a', which are recessed so that hot water accumulates in the center of the room, are installed.
107a''... are formed into a plurality of combustion hot air chambers 108a, 108a', 108a'', 108a whose internal volumes become smaller in order from the lower stage to the upper stage, thereby accelerating the circulation speed of the combustion hot air and increasing the flow rate of the hot water heater body. A multi-stage hot air induction chamber 110a, 110a whose interior is partitioned by a plurality of hot air induction partitions 111', between the left and right inner surfaces of the left and right inner surfaces of the heat exchange porous body 101' and the outer surfaces of the left and right heat exchange porous bodies 106', 106'. ′、
110a''... is disposed to allow combustion hot air to flow in a twisting and turning manner in the same way as in the first embodiment.
The heat exchange porous body 10 is
The hot water flowing down along the porous surfaces of 6' and 106' is converted into high-temperature hot water by heat exchange.

A suitable number of hot water drop ports 121 are opened on the left and right peripheral walls of the funnel-shaped hot water receiver 103', and high temperature hot water that has been heat exchanged by the plate-shaped heat exchange porous bodies 106', 106' is dropped. Hot water is supplied to an appropriate location from a hot water supply pipe 122 connected to the bottom of the hot water receiver 103' via sprues 121. In addition, rectangular plate-shaped moisture absorbing porous bodies 115', 115' are arranged in the exhaust passage 112' provided in the upper part of the water heater body 101' on both sides of the exhaust window 113'. so as to block the exhaust passage 112',
A large amount of steam that was about to be exhausted to the outside through the exhaust window 113' together with the low-temperature exhaust air is condensed and liquefied, causing water droplets to flow along the circumferential surface of the water supply device 105' and pass through the left and right heat exchange porous bodies 106'. , 106', and the hot water can be made into hot water by heat exchange action.

Furthermore, in the direct-fired water heater of the above embodiment, as shown by the chain line in FIG.
A heat exchange porous body 106' having the same configuration as 6' and a hot air induction chamber 110a having the same configuration as the hot air induction chamber 110a may be provided.

Of course, the water heater main body 101 and the heat exchange porous body 106 described above may have other arbitrary cross-sectional shapes.

Effects of the Invention In short, the present invention has the above-mentioned technical means, so that the combustion hot air jetted from the combustion port 102 is transferred to a plurality of stages of combustion hot air chambers arranged inside the heat exchange porous body 106. 108,108',10
8''... and multiple stages of hot air induction chambers 110, 110', 110''... arranged over the outside, the insides of which are alternately directed from the lower to the upper, and surrounded by a hollow net cylindrical chamber with a large porosity. The heat exchange porous body 106 is made to flow through the porous body 106 in order to expand the direct heat exchange area and contact time between the hot combustion air and the cold water, so that even a large volume of cold water can be cooled at once. Due to the heat exchange effect of the vertical flow, hot water can fall into the hot water receiver 103 as high-temperature hot water, and due to the good circulation of the combustion hot air, no back pressure is applied to the combustion hot air, resulting in high efficiency over a long period of time. In addition, since the water supply device 105 is heated from the start of operation by the circulating hot combustion air, when the water is supplied to the heat exchange porous body 106, it becomes hot water, further increasing the heat exchange efficiency. Not only can high-temperature hot water be obtained instantaneously, but also the steam generated during the hot water operation is exhausted from the water heater main body 101 through the exhaust passage 112 through the exhaust window 113 along with the cooled exhaust air. , the exhaust passage 1 located near the exhaust window 113
Dew can be condensed and liquefied by the net-like moisture absorption porous body 115 with a large porosity disposed in the heat exchange porous body 106, and can be reduced to hot water on the heat exchange porous body 106. As a result, water droplets are released from the exhaust window 113. It has the effect of eliminating corrosion caused by dripping outside and extending the lifespan of direct-fired water heaters.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show various embodiments of the direct-fired water heater according to the present invention, and FIGS.
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional front view with a part cut away, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional plan view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 1, and FIGS. 3 and 4 are a second embodiment. FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway vertical sectional front view, FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional plan view taken along line B-B in FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 is a partially cutaway longitudinal sectional front view of the conventional example. It is. 101...Water heater body, 102...Combustion port, 103
... Hot water receiver, 105 ... Water supply device, 106 ... Heat exchange porous body, 108, 108', 108'' ... Combustion hot air chamber, 1
10, 110', 110''...Hot air induction chamber, 112...
Exhaust passage, 113...Exhaust window, 114...Water supply port, 1
15... Moisture-absorbing porous material.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A water heater in which a water heater is disposed at the upper part of the main body of the water heater, which has a combustion port and a hot water receiver provided at the lower part, in which a plurality of stages are arranged internally between the hot water receiver and the water dispenser. A vertical heat exchange porous body formed into a hollow net tube shape with a large porosity is installed between the combustion hot air chamber and the inner peripheral surface of the water heater body and the outer peripheral surface of the heat exchange porous body. The structure has a plurality of stages, the upper end of which communicates with the exhaust window via the exhaust passage, and which sequentially introduces the combustion hot air ejected from the combustion hot air chamber to the surrounding area through the heat exchange porous body through the heat exchange porous body to the upper combustion hot air chamber. A direct-fired water heater, characterized in that a hot air induction chamber is provided, and a water supply port is opened in the water supply device to allow water to flow along the wall surface of a heat exchange porous body. 2. In a water heater that has a combustion port and a hot water receiver installed at the bottom and a water supply device installed at the top of the main body, the interior is partitioned into multiple stages of combustion hot air chambers between the hot water receiver and the water supply device, A vertical heat exchange porous body whose periphery is formed into a hollow mesh tube shape with a high porosity is provided, and an exhaust gas is provided at the upper end between the inner circumferential surface of the water heater body and the outer circumferential surface of the heat exchange porous body. A multi-stage hot air induction chamber is installed that communicates with the exhaust window through a passage and that sequentially introduces the combustion hot air ejected from the combustion hot air chamber to the surrounding area through the heat exchange porous body and into the upper combustion hot air chamber through the heat exchange porous body. The water supply device has a water supply port that allows the water to flow along the wall of the heat exchange porous body, and a network of moisture absorption holes with a large porosity is provided in the exhaust passage near the exhaust window so as to block the exhaust passage. A direct fire type water heater characterized by the fact that a body is installed.