JPH06100833B2 - Electrophotographic photoreceptor - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member used in an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine.

<Prior Art> Recently, in an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine using a so-called Carlson process, a charge generating material that generates charges by light irradiation and a charge transporting material that transports the generated charges are used together. As a result, a so-called function-separated type in which the charge generation function and the charge transport function are separated is widely used because it is easy to increase the sensitivity.

Further, in the above-mentioned function-separated type photoreceptor, the photosensitive layer formed on the surface of the conductive substrate is an organic layer in which a binder resin contains a functional component such as the charge generating material or the charge transporting material. The organic photoreceptor described above is suitable for use because it has a wide selection of materials, is excellent in productivity, and has a high degree of freedom in functional design.

Examples of the organic photoreceptor include a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material and a multilayer organic photosensitive layer in which a charge transport layer containing a charge transport material is laminated, and a charge generation material and a charge transport material. Some have a single-layer type photosensitive layer contained in the binder resin. Among them, it is possible to easily produce with good yield, and it is possible to use a negatively chargeable toner that has excellent positive charging characteristics and is easy to produce. Therefore, an organic photoreceptor having a single-layer type organic photosensitive layer is preferably used.

In addition, recently, in order to prevent the above-mentioned single-layer type photosensitive layer from being fatigued and causing a decrease in charge amount, a decrease in sensitivity, etc., when an image forming process such as charging, exposure and charge elimination is repeatedly performed, charge generation is performed. As a material and a charge transport material, there is provided an organic photoreceptor using a perylene compound (charge generating material) having an excellent action of preventing a decrease in the amount of charge or sensitivity, and an m-phenylenediamine compound (charge transport material). Proposed.

<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> However, a single-layer type organic photosensitive layer containing the above-mentioned perylene-based compound and m-phenylenediamine-based compound is heated especially when the image forming apparatus is operated. When a halogen lamp or sunlight is radiated in
There is a problem that the visible light contained in these lights causes a decrease in sensitivity.

Sensitivity decrease (visible light deterioration) due to visible light irradiation is m
A carrier in which a phenylenediamine compound is excited by its own absorption of visible light or energy transfer from a visible light absorbing substance such as a perylene compound to cause a dimerization reaction or a decomposition reaction to reduce the sensitivity of the photoreceptor. It is thought that the cause is that it changes into a substance that becomes a trap.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and a perylene-based compound as a charge-generating material, which has an excellent action of preventing a decrease in charge amount, a decrease in sensitivity, and the like when an image forming process is repeatedly performed, and Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor containing an m-phenylenediamine compound as a charge transport material, which is less likely to undergo visible light deterioration.

<Means and Actions for Solving the Problems> In order to solve the above problems, an electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention has a binder resin containing a perylene-based compound as a charge generating material and m as a charge transporting material. -In an electrophotographic photosensitive member provided with a photosensitive layer containing a phenylenediamine compound, triplet excitation energy in the photosensitive layer is 60 ~
It is characterized by containing a compound within the range of 68 kcal / mol. In addition, the value of triplet excitation energy mentioned here indicates a measured value in a nonpolar solvent such as saturated hydrocarbon or benzene.

According to the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention having the above-mentioned constitution, the range of the triplet excitation energy is from the energy level (about 68.5 ± 0.5 kcal / mol) in the expected excited state of the m-phenylenediamine compound. The compound having a triplet excitation energy within the above range (hereinafter referred to as “specific compound”) deprives the m-phenylenediamine-based compound excited by visible light irradiation of the excitation energy, and thus the m-phenylenediamine. It is prevented that the system compound is dimerized or decomposed into a substance which becomes a carrier trap which lowers the sensitivity of the photoreceptor.

The present invention will be described in detail below.

The perylene-based compound contained in the photosensitive layer is represented by the following general formula [I], and the m-phenylenediamine-based compound is represented by the following general formula [II].

(However, R ^{1 to} R ⁴ in the above formula [I] each represent the same or different alkyl group) (However, R ^{5 to} R ⁹ in the above formula [II] each represent the same or different group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom and a hydrogen atom.) In the above general formula [I] As the perylene-based compound represented, R ^{1 to} R ⁴ in the formula [I] are alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, normal propyl group, isopropyl group, normal butyl group, Compounds which are an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group and a hexyl group are preferred.

Specifically, N, N'-di (3,5-dimethylphenyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxydiimide, N, N'-
Di (3-methyl-5-ethylphenyl) perylene-3,4,
9,10-Tetracarboxydiimide, N, N'-di (3,5-diethylphenyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxydiimide, N, N'-di (3,5-dinormalpropyl) Phenyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxydiimide, N, N'-di (3,5-diisopropylphenyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxydiimide, N, N'-di (3-Methyl-5-isopropylphenyl) perylene-
3,4,9,10-tetracarboxydiimide, N, N'-di (3,5
-Dinormal butylphenyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxydiimide, N, N'-di (3,5-di-tert-
(Butylphenyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxydiimide, N, N'-di (3,5-dipentylphenyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxydiimide, N, N '
-Di (3,5-dihexylphenyl) perylene-3,4,9,10
-Tetracarboxydiimide and the like, among them, N, N'-di (3,5-dimethylphenyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxydiimide is preferable because of its easy availability. Can be mentioned.

On the other hand, examples of the m-phenylenediamine compound represented by the general formula [II] include N, N, N ', N'-tetraphenyl-1,3-phenylenediamine, N, N, N', N '. -Tetrakis (3-tolyl) -1,3-phenylenediamine, N, N, N ',
N'-tetraphenyl-3,5-tolylenediamine, N, N,
N ', N'-tetrakis (3-tolyl) -3,5-tolylenediamine, N, N, N', N'-tetrakis (4-tolyl) -1,3
-Phenylenediamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetrakis (4
-Tolyl) -3,5-tolylenediamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetrakis (3-ethylphenyl) -1,3-phenylenediamine, N, N, N', N'-tetrakis (4 -Propylphenyl) -1,3-phenylenediamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetraphenyl-5-methoxy-1,3-phenylenediamine, N, N-bis (3-tolyl) -N', N'-diphenyl-1,3-phenylenediamine, N, N'-bis (4-tolyl) -N, N'-diphenyl-1,3-phenylenediamine,
N, N'-bis (4-tolyl) -N, N'-bis (3-tolyl) -1,3-phenylenediamine, N, N'-bis (4-tolyl) -N, N'-bis ( 3-Tolyl) -3,5-tolylenediamine, N, N'-bis (4-ethylphenyl) -N, N'-
Bis (3-ethylphenyl) -1,3-phenylenediamine, N, N'-bis (4-ethylphenyl) -N, N'-bis (3-ethylphenyl) -3,5-tolylenediamine, N ,
N, N ', N'-Tetrakis (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)
-1,3-phenylenediamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetrakis (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) -3,5-tolylenediamine, N, N, N', N'-tetrakis ( 3,5-Dimethylphenyl) -1,3-phenylenediamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetrakis (3,5-dimethylphenyl) -3,5-tolylenediamine, N, N, N', N'-tetrakis (3,5-diethylphenyl) -1,3-phenylenediamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetrakis (3,5-diethylphenyl) -3,5-tolylenediamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetrakis (3-chlorophenyl)
-1,3-phenylenediamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetrakis (3-bromophenyl) -1,3-phenylenediamine,
N, N, N ', N'-tetrakis (3-iodophenyl) -1,3
-Phenylenediamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetrakis (3
-Fluorophenyl) -1,3-phenylenediamine and the like. Then, among the above-mentioned compounds, the groups R ^{5 to} R ⁹ in the general formula [II] are, in each benzene ring, a compound bonded to a carbon in a meta position with respect to a carbon to which a nitrogen atom is bonded, Alternatively, the groups R ⁵ and R ⁹ are bonded to a carbon of the benzene ring in a position para to the carbon to which the nitrogen atom is bonded, and the groups R ⁶ and R ⁸ are bonded to a carbon atom of the benzene ring. The compound bonded to the carbon in the meta position with respect to the carbon to which is bonded is
Since the molecular asymmetry is large and the interaction between the molecules is small and it is difficult to crystallize, it can be easily dispersed in the binder resin, and the present invention is more preferable. Specifically, N, N, N ', N'-tetrakis (3-tolyl) -1,3-phenylenediamine, N, N'-bis (4-tolyl) -N, N'-bis (3- Compounds such as tolyl) -1,3-phenylenediamine are exemplified as more preferable ones.

Specific compounds contained in the photosensitive layer together with the above-mentioned perylene compound and m-phenylenediamine compound include naphthalene, phenanthrene, m-terphenyl,
Examples thereof include biphenyl and fluorene.

The triplet excitation energy of the specific compound is 60 kcal.
If it is less than / mol, there is a gap between the excited state energy level of the m-phenylenediamine compound and the excitation energy cannot be taken from the m-phenylenediamine compound excited by visible light irradiation. on the other hand,
If the triplet excitation energy exceeds 68 kcal / mol,
Since the level of this triplet excitation energy becomes higher than the energy level of the excited state of the m-phenylenediamine-based compound, conversely, energy for dimerization and decomposition is imparted to the m-phenylenediamine-based compound to cause deterioration. There is a problem that it increases. Therefore, the triplet excitation energy of the specific compound is limited to the range of 60 to 68 kcal / mol.

The content of the specific compound in the photosensitive layer is not particularly limited, but it is preferably in the range of 20 to 150 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the m-phenylenediamine compound. When the content of the specific compound with respect to 100 parts by weight of the m-phenylenediamine compound is less than 20 parts by weight, the visible light deterioration of the m-phenylenediamine compound cannot be sufficiently prevented, and when it exceeds 150 parts by weight, The glass transition temperature of the photosensitive layer may be lowered, and the heat resistance of the electrophotographic photosensitive member may be deteriorated.

Since the perylene-based compound has no spectral sensitivity on the long wavelength side, in order to increase the sensitivity of the photoconductor when combined with a halogen lamp having large red spectral energy,
It is preferable to use together with another charge generating material such as X-type metal-free phthalocyanine, which has sensitivity on the long wavelength side.

As the X-type metal-free phthalocyanine, various ones can be used, but particularly, the Bragg angle (2θ ± 0.2
Those having strong diffraction peaks at 7.5 °, 9.1 °, 16.7 °, 17.3 ° and 22.3 ° are preferable.

The amount of the X-type metal-free phthalocyanine added is not particularly limited, but is based on 100 parts by weight of the perylene compound.
It is preferably in the range of 1.25 to 3.75 parts by weight. If the amount of the X-type metal-free phthalocyanine added to 100 parts by weight of the perylene-based compound is less than 1.25 parts by weight, the sensitivity on the long wavelength side cannot be sufficiently improved. Since the spectral sensitivity is too high, the reproducibility of the red original document may deteriorate.

In addition to the above-mentioned perylene-based compound and X-type metal-free phthalocyanine, the photosensitive layer may include, for example, α-Se,
Powders of semiconductor materials such as amorphous chalcogenides such as α-As ₂ Se ₃ and α-SeAsTe and amorphous silicon (α-Si); II-VI group microcrystals such as ZnO and CdS; pyrylium salts; azo compounds; bisazo -Based compounds; phthalocyanine-based compounds such as aluminum phthalocyanine, copper phthalocyanine, and titanyl phthalocyanine having crystal forms such as α-type, β-type, and γ-type; ansanthrone-based compounds; indigo-based compounds;
A charge generating material such as a triphenylmethane-based compound; a threnic-based compound; a toluidine-based compound; a pyrazoline-based compound; a quinacridone-based compound; a pyrrolopyrrole-based compound can also be used in combination as necessary.

In addition, it is preferable that the photosensitive layer usually contains, together with the m-phenylenediamine compound, another conventionally known charge transport material (hereinafter, simply referred to as “other charge transport material”). Examples of the other charge transport material contained in the photosensitive layer together with the m-phenylenediamine compound include:
Tetracyanoethylene; Fluorenone compounds such as 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone; Fluorene compounds such as 9-carbazolyliminofluorene; nitrated compounds such as dinitroanthracene; succinic anhydride; maleic anhydride; Dibromomaleic anhydride; triphenylmethane compound; 2,5-di (4-dimethylaminophenyl) -1,3,
Oxadiazole compounds such as 4-oxadiazole; 9
A styryl compound such as-(4-diethylaminostyryl) anthracene; a carbazole compound such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole; a pyrazoline compound such as 1-phenyl-3- (p-dimethylaminophenyl) pyrazoline;
4,4 ', 4 "-tris (N, N-diphenylamino) triphenylamine, 3,3'-dimethyl-N, N, N', N'-tetrakis-4-methylphenyl (1,1'- Biphenyl) -4,4 '
Amine derivative such as diamine; conjugated unsaturated compound such as 1,1-bis (4-diethylaminophenyl) -4,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene; 4- (N, N-diethylamino) benzaldehyde-N, Hydrazone compounds such as N-diphenylhydrazone; indole compounds, oxazole compounds, isoxazole compounds, thiazole compounds, thiadiazole compounds, imidazole compounds,
A nitrogen-containing cyclic compound such as a pyrazole-based compound, a pyrazoline-based compound, or a triazole-based compound; a condensed polycyclic compound can be given. Among the above charge transport materials, the photoconductive polymer material such as poly-N-vinylcarbazole can also be used as a binder resin for the photosensitive layer.

The mixing ratio of the other charge transport material and the m-phenylenediamine compound in the photosensitive layer is not particularly limited, but is within the range of 95: 5 to 25:75 by weight, particularly 80:20 to 50: Five
It is preferably in the range of 0. When the compounding ratio of the other charge transport material and the m-phenylenediamine compound is less than 95: 5, the effect of preventing the decrease in the amount of charge and the decrease in sensitivity when the image forming process is repeated becomes insufficient, On the other hand, if the blending ratio exceeds 25:75, the sensitivity of the photoreceptor may be insufficient.

Examples of the binder resin that constitutes the single-layer organic photosensitive layer containing the above functional components include thermosetting silicone resins; epoxy resins; urethane resins; curable acrylic resins; alkyd resins; unsaturated polyester resins; Diallyl phthalate resin; phenol resin; urea resin; benzoguanamine resin; melamine resin; styrene polymer; acrylic polymer; styrene-acrylic copolymer; polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, chlorinated polyethylene, polypropylene, Olefinic polymers such as ionomers; polyvinyl chloride; vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers; polyvinyl acetate; saturated polyesters; polyamides; thermoplastic urethane resins; polycarbonates; polyarylates; polysulfones; ketone resins; polyvinyl butyral; Etc. The.

The content of the charge generating material in 100 parts by weight of the binder resin in the photosensitive layer composed of the above components is preferably in the range of 2 to 20 parts by weight, and particularly preferably in the range of 3 to 15 parts by weight. The content of the other charge transport material with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin is preferably in the range of 40 to 200 parts by weight, particularly preferably in the range of 50 to 100 parts by weight. If the content of the charge generating material is less than 2 parts by weight or the content of the other charge transporting material is less than 40 parts by weight, the sensitivity of the photoreceptor may be insufficient or the residual potential may be large. . On the other hand, when the content of the charge generation material exceeds 20 parts by weight, or
If the content of the other charge transport material exceeds 200 parts by weight, the abrasion resistance of the photoreceptor may be insufficient.

The thickness of the photosensitive layer is not particularly limited, but is about the same as that of a conventional single-layer type organic photosensitive layer, that is, 10 to 50 μm, particularly 15
It is preferably in the range of -25 μm.

Further, on the photosensitive layer, a surface protective layer containing the binder resin as a main component and optionally containing an additive such as a conductivity-imparting material or a benzoquinone-based ultraviolet absorber in an appropriate amount is laminated. You can also do it. The thickness of the surface protective layer is 0.1
It is preferably in the range of -10 μm, particularly 2-5 μm.

When an antioxidant is used in combination with the photosensitive layer or the surface protective layer, it is possible to prevent deterioration of functional components such as a charge transport material having a structure susceptible to oxidation due to oxidation.

As the above-mentioned antioxidant, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p
-Cresol, triethylene glycol-bis [3-
(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], 1,6-hexanediol-bis [3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], penta Erythrityl-tetrakis [3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], 2,2-thio-diethylenebis [3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-] Hydroxyphenyl) propionate], 2,2-thiobis (4-
Methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), N, N'-hexamethylenebis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-hydrocinnamamide), 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,
Examples include phenolic antioxidants such as 4,6-tris (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) benzene.

The conductive base material on the surface of which the photosensitive layer is formed is formed in an appropriate shape such as a sheet shape or a drum shape according to the mechanism and structure of the image forming apparatus in which the electrophotographic photosensitive member is incorporated.

The conductive base material may be entirely composed of a conductive material such as metal, or the base material itself may be formed of a structural material having no conductivity and may have conductivity on its surface. good.

The entire conductive substrate is composed of a conductive material, the conductive material used in the former case, the surface is alumite-treated or untreated aluminum, copper, tin, platinum, gold, silver, Metal materials such as vanadium, molybdenum, chromium, cadmium, titanium, nickel, palladium, indium, stainless steel, and brass are preferable, and in particular, aluminum anodized by the sulfuric acid alumite method and sealed with nickel acetate is preferably used. .

On the other hand, in the latter case where conductivity is imparted to the surface of a base material made of a structural material having no conductivity, in the case of the surface of a synthetic resin base material or a glass base material, the above-mentioned metal or aluminum iodide is used. , A structure in which a thin film made of a conductive material such as tin oxide or indium oxide is formed by a known film forming method such as a vacuum deposition method or a wet plating method, the above metal on the surface of the synthetic resin molded article or the glass substrate. A structure in which films of materials or the like are laminated, or a structure in which a substance that imparts conductivity is injected into the surface of the synthetic resin base material or the glass base material can be adopted.

The conductive base material may be subjected to a surface treatment with a surface treatment agent such as a silane coupling agent or a titanium coupling agent, if necessary, to enhance the adhesion to the photosensitive layer.

The photosensitive layer and the surface protective layer formed on this photosensitive layer are
It can be formed by preparing a coating liquid containing each of the above-mentioned components, applying the coating liquid on a conductive substrate, and drying or curing.

When preparing the above-mentioned coating liquid, various solvents can be used depending on the type of binder resin or the like used. As the solvent, normal hexane, octane,
Aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane; Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, xylene, toluene; Halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, methylene chloride; Methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, allyl alcohol, cyclo Alcohols such as pentanol, benzyl alcohol, furfuryl alcohol, diacetone alcohol; ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone Such as ketones; esters such as ethyl acetate and methyl acetate; dimethylformamide; di Sulfoxide and the like, include various solvents, it is used by mixing one or two or more. Further, when adjusting the coating liquid, dispersibility,
In order to improve coatability and the like, a surfactant, a leveling agent, etc. may be used in combination.

Further, the coating solution is a conventional method, for example, a mixer,
It can be prepared using a ball mill, paint shaker, sand mill, attritor, ultrasonic disperser, or the like.

<Example> Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on Examples.

Examples 1 to 4 100 parts by weight of poly (4,4′-cyclohexylidenediphenyl) carbonate (trade name Polycarbonate Z, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Inc.) as a binder resin, and N, N′-di as a charge generating material. (3,5-Dimethylphenyl) perylene-3,4,
8 parts by weight of 9,10-tetracarboxydiimide and 0.2 parts by weight of X-type metal-free phthalocyanine (manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals), 3,3′-dimethyl-N, N as a charge transport material,
56 parts by weight of N ', N'-tetrakis-4-methylphenyl (1,1'-biphenyl) -4,4'-diamine and N, N, N',
24 parts by weight of N′-tetrakis (3-tolyl) -1,3-phenylenediamine, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol as an antioxidant (Kawaguchi Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name Antage BHT) 5 In the following table, in 0.01 parts by weight of polydimethylsiloxane (silicone oil) as a plasticizer,
12 parts by weight of the specific compound having a triplet excitation energy in the range of 60 to 68 kcal / mol was added and mixed with a predetermined amount of tetrahydrofuran in an ultrasonic disperser to prepare a coating solution for a single-layer type photosensitive layer. After coating this coating solution on an aluminum tube with an outer diameter of 78 mm and a length of 340 mm, it is heated and dried at 100 ° C for 30 minutes in the dark to form a single-layer type photosensitive layer with a thickness of about 24 μm. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was produced.

Comparative Examples 1 and 2 Electrographs were performed in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4 except that 12 parts by weight of a compound having a triplet excitation energy of less than 60 kcal / mol shown in the following table was used instead of the specific compound. A photoconductor was prepared.

Comparative Examples 3 and 4 An electrophotographic image was obtained in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4 except that 12 parts by weight of a compound having a triplet excitation energy of more than 68 kcal / mol was used instead of the specific compound. A photoconductor was prepared.

Comparative Example 5 Example 1 above except that no specific compound was added.
An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in the processes of to 4.

Comparative Example 6 4,10-dibromo-dibenzo [def, mn as a charge generating material
o] 8 parts by weight of chrysene 6,12-dione (2,7-dibromoanthanthrone) and 0.2 parts by weight of X-type metal-free phthalocyanine (manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals) as a charge transport material
3,3'-Dimethyl-N, N, N ', N'-tetrakis-4-methylphenyl (1,1'-biphenyl) 4,4'-diamine 100
An electrophotographic photosensitive member was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 5 except that parts by weight were blended.

The following tests were carried out on the electrophotographic photosensitive members produced in the above-mentioned Examples and Comparative Examples.

Initial surface potential measurement Each of the electrophotographic photoconductors described above was loaded into an electrostatic copying tester (Gentec Cynthia 30M, manufactured by Gentech Co., Ltd.) and the surface was positively charged to measure the surface potential V ₁ sp (V). did.

Half-dose exposure amount, residual potential measurement Each electrophotographic photosensitive member in the charged state is exposed using a halogen lamp which is an exposure light source of the electrostatic copying test apparatus,
The time required for the surface potential V ₁ sp (V) to be halved was calculated, and the half-exposure amount E1 / 2 (μJ / cm ² ) was calculated.

Further, the surface potential after 0.15 seconds has elapsed from the start of the exposure,
It was measured as the residual potential V ₁ rp (V).

Measurement of surface potential change value and residual potential change value after irradiation with visible light At the two points on each of the above electrophotographic photoconductors, the surface potentials V _1a sp, V _1b sp, and residual potential were measured in the same manner as the above measurements. After measuring the electric potentials V _1a rp and V _1b rp [above, unit (V)], preheat this electrophotographic photosensitive member to 60 ° C. in the dark, and
Then, while keeping the temperature at 60 ° C, the V _1b side of the above two points is masked with a light shield, and a yellow fluorescent lamp (trade name National Colored 1500lu using fluorescent light FL40SY-F, 410W)
Yellow light at x was exposed for 20 minutes. Then, after exposing the electrophotographic photosensitive member in the dark at room temperature for 30 minutes and cooling, it was loaded into an electrostatic copying tester (Gentec Cynthia 30M manufactured by Gentec Co., Ltd.), and its surface was positively corrected. Charge the surface potential V _2a sp (exposure side) and V _2b sp at the above two locations.
(Light-shielding side) and residual potential V _2a rp (exposure side), V _2b
rp (light-shielding side) [above, unit (V)] was measured.

Based on the above measured values, the surface potential change value ΔVs.p. (V) after irradiation with visible light was calculated using the following formula (a), and the surface potential change value ΔVs.p. (V) was calculated using the following formula (b). Residual potential change value ΔV
rp (V) was calculated.

ΔV s.p. ＝ (V _2a sp-V _1a sp)-(V _2b sp-V _1b sp)… (a) ΔV r.p. ＝ (V _2a rp-V _1a rp)-(V _2b rp-V _1b rp) (b) Surface potential measurement after repeated exposure Each of the electrophotographic photoconductors was copied to a copying machine (manufactured by Mita Kogyo Co., Ltd., DC-111).
After performing the copying process of 500 sheets by loading it in the mold machine, an electrostatic copying tester (Gentec Cynthia manufactured by Gentec)
30 M), the surface thereof was positively charged, and the surface potential V ₃ sp (V) after repeated exposure was measured.

Further, the surface potential change value ΔV _1-3 (V) after repeated exposure was calculated using the following formula (c).

ΔV _1-3 (V) = V ₁ sp (V) -V ₃ sp (V) (c) The above results are shown in the following table.

From the results in the above table, the triplet excitation energy is 60 kcal / mol
The electrophotographic photoreceptors of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 using the compound of less than
In both cases, the surface potential and the residual potential were reduced by the visible light irradiation to the same extent as in Comparative Example 5 in which the specific compound was not contained. Also, triplet excitation energy is 68 kcal / m
In the electrophotographic photoreceptors of Comparative Examples 3 and 4 using the compound exceeding ol, the surface potential and the residual potential were greatly decreased by the visible light irradiation as compared with Comparative Example 5 and above. On the other hand, the electrophotographic photoreceptors of Examples 1 to 4 using the specific compound having a triplet excitation energy in the range of 60 to 68 kcal / mol were all irradiated with visible light as compared with the above-mentioned comparative examples. The changes in the surface potential and the residual potential due to the above were small, which revealed that the electrophotographic photoreceptors of Examples 1 to 4 are less likely to be deteriorated by visible light. In addition, the above-mentioned Example 1
.About.4, the electrophotographic photoreceptors of Comparative Example 5 were all compared with Comparative Example 6 in which the perylene-based compound was not used as the charge generating material and the m-phenylenediamine-based compound was not used in combination as the charge transporting material. Therefore, the amount of change in surface potential due to repeated exposure is small, and therefore, the above-mentioned specific compound has an influence on the preventive action such as reduction in charge amount and reduction in sensitivity in a system in which a perylene compound and an m-phenylenediamine compound are used in combination. Turned out not to give.

<Effects of the Invention> The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is configured as described above, and a perylene-based compound having an excellent action of preventing a decrease in charge amount, a decrease in sensitivity, and the like when the image forming process is repeatedly performed, and Since the photosensitive layer containing the m-phenylenediamine compound contains a specific compound having an action of preventing visible light deterioration of the m-phenylenediamine compound,
In particular, when the photoconductor is heated, such as during operation of the image forming apparatus, the sensitivity is less likely to decrease even if light such as a halogen lamp or sunlight is applied.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer containing a perylene-based compound as a charge generating material and an m-phenylenediamine-based compound as a charge transporting material in a binder resin, the photosensitive layer comprising: An electrophotographic photoreceptor containing a compound having a triplet excitation energy in the range of 60 to 68 kcal / mol.