JPH06101342B2 - Fuel cell - Google Patents
Fuel cellInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06101342B2 JPH06101342B2 JP60290160A JP29016085A JPH06101342B2 JP H06101342 B2 JPH06101342 B2 JP H06101342B2 JP 60290160 A JP60290160 A JP 60290160A JP 29016085 A JP29016085 A JP 29016085A JP H06101342 B2 JPH06101342 B2 JP H06101342B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- fuel cell
- separator
- gas
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0223—Composites
- H01M8/0228—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は燃料電池に係り、特に反応ガスのクロスオーバ
を防止するのに好適な燃料電池のセパレータおよび電極
部の構造に関する。Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fuel cell, and more particularly to a structure of a separator and an electrode part of a fuel cell suitable for preventing a reaction gas crossover.
従来の燃料電池の構造を溶融炭酸塩型燃料電池を例にと
り、第５図に従って説明する。The structure of a conventional fuel cell will be described with reference to FIG. 5, taking a molten carbonate fuel cell as an example.
第５図において、電解質を保持している電解質板１をカ
ソード２およびアノード３で挾持して単位電池を形成
し、この単位電池がセパレータ４を介して複数個積層し
燃料電池スタックを形成する。In FIG. 5, an electrolyte plate 1 holding an electrolyte is sandwiched between a cathode 2 and an anode 3 to form a unit cell, and a plurality of the unit cells are stacked with a separator 4 interposed therebetween to form a fuel cell stack.
燃料ガスは、セパレータ４の上面のリブにより形成され
た燃料ガス流路溝６を通り、また酸化剤ガスはセパレー
タ４の下面に同様に形成された酸化剤流路溝５を通るこ
とにより、電池内部へ流通する。The fuel gas passes through the fuel gas flow channel 6 formed by the ribs on the upper surface of the separator 4, and the oxidant gas passes through the oxidant flow channel 5 similarly formed on the lower surface of the separator 4, thereby providing a battery. Distributed to the inside.
第５図に示すように特開昭58−165261号公報ではセパレ
ータ端面に、電極板の厚さにほぼ等しい段差を形成し
て、この段差内に電極板を収容し、電解質板の周縁部を
ガスシールしている。このように従来の燃料電池ではセ
パレータ４の上下面の端部に設けられたウェットシール
面７と電解質板１を直接接触させることにより電解質の
表面張力によってガス流路方向と直交する方向へのガス
リークを防止している。As shown in FIG. 5, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 58-165261, a step is formed on the end surface of the separator that is approximately equal to the thickness of the electrode plate. Gas sealed. As described above, in the conventional fuel cell, by directly contacting the wet seal surfaces 7 provided on the upper and lower ends of the separator 4 with the electrolyte plate 1, the surface tension of the electrolyte causes a gas leak in a direction orthogonal to the gas flow direction. Is being prevented.
しかし、電極のカソード２、アノード３および電解質板
１は多孔質からなり、かつ軟かくまた電池作動状態では
高温となり締付面圧もかかるため、第６図に示すように
アノード３および電解質１は変形して燃料流路溝６にア
ノード３が落ち込むことになる。その結果、セパレータ
４のウェットシール面７と電解質板１との間に隙間８が
生じ、第６図のＢ−Ｂ断面図を示す第７図に図示する如
くその隙間８を通して燃料ガスがカソード２の方にも流
れ、ガスクロスオーバをおこしてしまう虞れがある。However, since the cathode 2, the anode 3 and the electrolyte plate 1 of the electrode are made of porous material and are soft and have a high temperature when the battery is in operation and a tightening surface pressure is applied, the anode 3 and the electrolyte 1 are The anode 3 is deformed and falls into the fuel flow channel groove 6. As a result, a gap 8 is formed between the wet seal surface 7 of the separator 4 and the electrolyte plate 1, and the fuel gas passes through the gap 8 to the cathode 2 as shown in FIG. 7 which is a sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. There is also a risk that the gas will flow to the other side and cause a gas crossover.
この電池作動状態における電極及び電解質の変形を防止
するために提案された公知例としては特開昭59−207562
号公報がある。As a known example proposed for preventing the deformation of the electrode and the electrolyte in the battery operating state, there is JP-A-59-207562.
There is a gazette.
第８図は従来技術の構成を示す分解斜視図である。なお
第５図と同一の機能を有する部材については同一の符号
を付してその説明を省略する。本図において、セパレー
タ４のウェットシール面７によって挾まれた空間には、
ほぼ電極板2,3の厚さに等しい段差部を有する切欠部21
が設けられている。電極板2,3がこの切欠部21に嵌合す
ることによりガス流路用溝を形成するリブ10上に装着さ
れている。このセパレータ４のリブ10のガス出入口付近
の電極側には、ガス流路用溝を形成するリブをまたぐよ
うに硬質性の板状部材９が設けられている。この板状部
材９は、ほぼ電極板2,3と等しい厚さとなっている。板
状部材９は、この電極板を設置する段差部（切欠部）21
上に設置され、かつこの板状部材９と電極板は接触する
ように構成されている。硬質性の板状部材９は、ステン
レス，セラミック，ニッケル等でできており、電池作動
時の高温下においても強度が高く熱による変形を生じな
い。その結果、第８図の断面図を示す第９図で図示のご
とく、アノード３が高温下において変形して燃料ガス流
路溝６に落ち込んでも板状部材９は変形しない。よっ
て、板状部材が設けられているガス出入口側近傍のセパ
レータ４のリブ10において、電解質板１の変形がおこら
ないため、セパレータ４のウェットシール面７と電解質
板１が密着し、ウェットシールが有効に作用するため燃
料ガスのカソード２への流れ込みを防止する。FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view showing the structure of the prior art. The members having the same functions as those in FIG. 5 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. In the figure, in the space sandwiched by the wet seal surface 7 of the separator 4,
Notch 21 having a step portion approximately equal to the thickness of the electrode plates 2 and 3
Is provided. The electrode plates 2 and 3 are mounted on the ribs 10 that form the gas passage grooves by fitting in the notches 21. On the electrode side of the rib 10 of the separator 4 near the gas inlet / outlet, a hard plate-shaped member 9 is provided so as to straddle the rib forming the gas passage groove. The plate-shaped member 9 has substantially the same thickness as the electrode plates 2 and 3. The plate member 9 has a step portion (notch portion) 21 on which the electrode plate is installed.
The plate-shaped member 9 and the electrode plate are installed on top of each other and are in contact with each other. The rigid plate-shaped member 9 is made of stainless steel, ceramics, nickel, or the like, has high strength even under high temperature during battery operation, and does not deform due to heat. As a result, as shown in FIG. 9 which is a sectional view of FIG. 8, even if the anode 3 is deformed at a high temperature and falls into the fuel gas passage groove 6, the plate member 9 is not deformed. Therefore, since the electrolyte plate 1 is not deformed in the rib 10 of the separator 4 near the gas inlet / outlet side where the plate member is provided, the wet seal surface 7 of the separator 4 and the electrolyte plate 1 are in close contact with each other, and the wet seal is formed. This effectively prevents the fuel gas from flowing into the cathode 2.
しかし、第９図のＣ−Ｃ断面図を示す第10図のように、
電池作動時の高温化、板状部材９とアノード３との境界
部でアノード３がずり落ちる段差部61が生じ、その結果
電解質板１の電池側内部で隙間８が生じ電解質板１が変
形することがある。その結果、電解質板１の強度が不十
分の場合段差部61において電解質板１に亀裂が生じる可
能性がある。However, as shown in FIG. 10 which is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG.
A rise in temperature during battery operation, a step 61 where the anode 3 slides down at the boundary between the plate-like member 9 and the anode 3, and as a result, a gap 8 occurs inside the battery side of the electrolyte plate 1 and the electrolyte plate 1 is deformed. There is. As a result, if the strength of the electrolyte plate 1 is insufficient, cracks may occur in the electrolyte plate 1 at the step portion 61.
以上燃料ガスのクロスオーバについて説明したが、酸化
剤ガスについても同様にカソード２および電解質板１の
変形によって酸化剤ガスがアノード３の方にも流れ込む
虞れがある。このように、セパレータ４のガス出入口付
近でガスクロスオーバが生じ、燃料ガスと酸化剤ガスが
直接反応をおこし、電池の発電効率が低下したり、電池
寿命が短くなるという問題がある。Although the crossover of the fuel gas has been described above, the oxidizing gas may also flow into the anode 3 due to the deformation of the cathode 2 and the electrolyte plate 1 similarly. As described above, there is a problem that a gas crossover occurs near the gas inlet / outlet of the separator 4, the fuel gas and the oxidant gas directly react with each other, and the power generation efficiency of the battery is reduced and the battery life is shortened.
本発明の目的は、燃料ガスと酸化剤ガスのガスクロスオ
ーバを防止し、発電効率が高くかつ寿命が長い燃料電池
を提供することにある。An object of the present invention is to prevent a gas crossover between a fuel gas and an oxidant gas, and to provide a fuel cell having high power generation efficiency and long life.
本発明は、電解質板を挾持して相対向配置された電極板
からなる単位電池を反応ガス流路用溝を形成するリブを
有するセパレータを介して複数個積層してなり、前記セ
パレータの双方のウエットシール面に形成した段差と前
記電極板を嵌合し、反応ガス出入口側のセパレータのリ
ブ凸部に切欠き部を設け、該切欠き部に当接するように
硬質性の板状部材を配置し、前記ウエットシール面と前
記電解質板が接触するように構成されている燃料電池に
おいて、 前記硬質性の板状部材の前記電極板側に前記電極板の厚
さに等しい段差を形成し、該段差とそれぞれの前記電極
板を嵌合したことを特徴とする燃料電池である。The present invention, a plurality of unit cells consisting of electrode plates sandwiching an electrolyte plate and opposed to each other are laminated via a separator having a rib forming a groove for a reaction gas passage, and both of the separators are stacked. The step formed on the wet seal surface and the electrode plate are fitted to each other, a notch is provided on the rib protrusion of the separator on the reaction gas inlet / outlet side, and a hard plate member is arranged so as to abut the notch. Then, in the fuel cell configured such that the wet sealing surface and the electrolyte plate are in contact with each other, a step equal to the thickness of the electrode plate is formed on the electrode plate side of the hard plate member, A fuel cell is characterized in that a step is fitted to each of the electrode plates.
以下、本発明に係る実施例を図面に基づいて詳説する。 Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
本実施例は、第８図に示す板状部材９に電極板の厚さに
等しい段差を形成し、電極板のガス流路方向の端部をこ
の段差で支持する構造となっている。In this embodiment, a step having the same thickness as the electrode plate is formed on the plate-shaped member 9 shown in FIG. 8, and the end portion of the electrode plate in the gas flow path direction is supported by the step.
第１図は本発明の実施例の構成を示す全体斜視図であ
る。FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view showing the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.
第２図は第１図の側面図である。FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG.
第３図は第２図のＡ−Ａ断面図である。FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.
板状部材の構成以外は第８図と基本的に同一で、同じ部
材については同一の符号を付しその説明を省略する。第
３図に示すように、板状部材９のアノード３との境界部
には、ほぼアノード３の断面部高さに等しい段差を有す
る段差部70が設けられている。この結果、電解質板１の
ガス出入口付近では、電解質板１に無理な力がかからな
くなり、電解質板１の割れを防止することができる。Except for the configuration of the plate member, it is basically the same as that in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, a step portion 70 having a step substantially equal to the height of the cross section of the anode 3 is provided at the boundary of the plate member 9 with the anode 3. As a result, an excessive force is not applied to the electrolyte plate 1 near the gas inlet / outlet port of the electrolyte plate 1, and the electrolyte plate 1 can be prevented from cracking.
上記外部マニホールド方式が採用された燃料電池の実施
例について説明したが、内部マニホールド方式を採用し
たときの燃料電池の実施例について説明する。Although the embodiment of the fuel cell adopting the external manifold method has been described, an embodiment of the fuel cell adopting the internal manifold method will be described.
第４図は本発明の他の実施例の構成を示す全体斜視図で
ある。FIG. 4 is an overall perspective view showing the structure of another embodiment of the present invention.
本図において、セパレータ４には燃料ガス入口マニホー
ルド孔11、燃料ガス出口マニホールド孔12、酸化剤ガス
入口マニホールド孔13、および酸化剤ガス出口マニホー
ルド孔14が設けられている。それらの内部マニホールド
孔のすぐ内側には、段差部70を有する板状部材９が設け
ることができるため、内部マニホールド方式の燃料電池
においても、上記の実施例のごとく外部マニホールド方
式と同様に本発明を適用することが可能となる。In the figure, the separator 4 is provided with a fuel gas inlet manifold hole 11, a fuel gas outlet manifold hole 12, an oxidant gas inlet manifold hole 13, and an oxidant gas outlet manifold hole 14. Since the plate-shaped member 9 having the stepped portion 70 can be provided immediately inside these internal manifold holes, even in the fuel cell of the internal manifold type, the present invention is performed in the same manner as the external manifold type as in the above embodiment. Can be applied.
［発明の効果］ 本発明によれば、電極板の反応ガス出入口側にセパレー
タのリブの凸部に当接するように配置した硬質性の板状
部材の電極板側に電極板の厚さに等しい段差を形成して
電解質板を支持することにより、電解質板に無理な力が
かからなくなり割れを防止し反応ガスのガスクロスオー
バを防ぐ効果が得られる。EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, the thickness of the electrode plate is equal to the electrode plate side of the hard plate-like member arranged so as to contact the convex portion of the rib of the separator on the reaction gas inlet / outlet side of the electrode plate. By forming the step to support the electrolyte plate, an unreasonable force is not applied to the electrolyte plate, cracking is prevented, and gas crossover of the reaction gas is prevented.
第１図は本発明の実施例の構成を示す全体斜視図、第２
図は第１図の側面図、第３図は第２図のＡ−Ａ断面図、
第４図は本発明の他の実施例の構成を示す全体斜視図、
第５図は従来の燃料電池の電池構成を示す分解斜視図、
第６図は第５図の燃料電池の側面図、第７図は第６図の
Ｂ−Ｂ断面図、第８図は従来の燃料電池の電池構成を示
す分解斜視図、第９図は第８図の燃料電池の側面図、第
10図は第９図のＣ−Ｃ断面図である。 １…電解質板、２…カソード、３…アノード、４…セパ
レータ、 ５…酸化剤ガス流路溝、６…燃料ガス流路溝、７…ウェ
ットシール面、 ８…隙、９…板状部材、10…セパレータリブ、11…燃料
ガス入口マニホールド孔、12…燃料ガス出口マニホール
ド孔、13…酸化剤ガス入口マニホールド孔、14…酸化剤
ガス出口マニホールド孔。FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view showing the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
1 is a side view of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.
FIG. 4 is an overall perspective view showing the configuration of another embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view showing a cell structure of a conventional fuel cell,
FIG. 6 is a side view of the fuel cell of FIG. 5, FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 6, FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view showing a cell structure of a conventional fuel cell, and FIG. 8 is a side view of the fuel cell of FIG.
FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Electrolyte plate, 2 ... Cathode, 3 ... Anode, 4 ... Separator, 5 ... Oxidizing gas channel groove, 6 ... Fuel gas channel groove, 7 ... Wet seal surface, 8 ... Gap, 9 ... Plate-shaped member, 10 ... Separator rib, 11 ... Fuel gas inlet manifold hole, 12 ... Fuel gas outlet manifold hole, 13 ... Oxidizing gas inlet manifold hole, 14 ... Oxidizing gas outlet manifold hole.
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 川田 陽一 茨城県日立市幸町３丁目１番１号 株式会 社日立製作所日立工場内 (56)参考文献 特開 昭60−180066（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭59−207562（ＪＰ，Ａ)Front page continuation (72) Inventor Yoichi Kawada 3-1-1 Sachimachi, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Hitachi Ltd. Hitachi factory (56) References JP-A-60-180066 (JP, A) JP-A-SHO 59-207562 (JP, A)
Claims (1)
板からなる単位電池を反応ガス流路用溝を形成するリブ
を有するセパレータを介して複数個積層してなり、前記
セパレータの双方のウエットシール面に形成した段差と
前記電極板を嵌合し、反応ガス出入口側のセパレータの
リブ凸部に切欠き部を設け、該切欠き部に当接するよう
に硬質性の板状部材を配置し、前記ウエットシール面と
前記電解質板が接触するように構成されている燃料電池
において、 前記硬質性の板状部材の前記電極板側に前記電極板の厚
さに等しい段差を形成し、該段差とそれぞれの前記電極
板を嵌合したことを特徴とする燃料電池。1. A plurality of unit cells each composed of electrode plates sandwiching an electrolyte plate and opposed to each other with a separator having a rib forming a groove for a reaction gas passage being stacked, and both of the separators are stacked. The step formed on the wet seal surface and the electrode plate are fitted to each other, a notch is provided in the rib protrusion of the separator on the reaction gas inlet / outlet side, and a hard plate member is provided so as to abut the notch. In the fuel cell that is arranged so that the wet seal surface and the electrolyte plate are in contact with each other, a step equal to the thickness of the electrode plate is formed on the electrode plate side of the hard plate member, A fuel cell characterized in that the step and the respective electrode plates are fitted together.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60290160A JPH06101342B2 (en) | 1985-12-23 | 1985-12-23 | Fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60290160A JPH06101342B2 (en) | 1985-12-23 | 1985-12-23 | Fuel cell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62147665A JPS62147665A (en) | 1987-07-01 |
| JPH06101342B2 true JPH06101342B2 (en) | 1994-12-12 |
Family
ID=17752537
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60290160A Expired - Fee Related JPH06101342B2 (en) | 1985-12-23 | 1985-12-23 | Fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH06101342B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6017648A (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 2000-01-25 | Plug Power, L.L.C. | Insertable fluid flow passage bridgepiece and method |
-
1985
- 1985-12-23 JP JP60290160A patent/JPH06101342B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS62147665A (en) | 1987-07-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |