JPH06101995B2 - How to treat fish - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for treating a fish body, and more specifically, after treating a fish body or the like with a proteolytic enzyme, at least fish bone, fish oil, or at least partially degraded fish protein is treated. The present invention relates to a method for treating a fish body, which comprises separating one species.

[Problems to be Solved by Prior Art and Invention]

Conventionally, fish meal and fish oil have been produced from fish bodies and processing residues thereof, but this production method involves depositing raw materials after pretreatment such as cutting, crushing or grinding as necessary, and other liquids containing fish oil by pressing. The solid content obtained by separating the product is dried, and if necessary, crushed to obtain fish meal,
On the other hand, it consists of separating fish oil from a liquid containing fish oil and concentrating the remaining liquid to obtain a fish soluble. Therefore, since there is no step of separating fish bones in such a production method, a fish meal containing a large amount of fish bone debris is obtained, and a protein feed or a protein food material having a high protein content is produced. In addition, since the production process includes a heat treatment process such as steaming, the protein is heat-denatured, and it is not always satisfactory as a protein feed or a protein food material depending on the application.

Further, conventionally, fish, shellfish, etc. have been used as seasoning raw materials in the presence of several times the amount of water, and autolyzed or / and decomposed for a long time using a proteolytic enzyme to be completely liquefied to produce a so-called extract. There is. In this method, when fish bodies are used, the separation of fish bones is easy, but since fish meat is completely decomposed into a liquid extract, fish protein cannot be obtained in a form close to that of fish meat.

[Means for solving problems]

The present inventors have studied the method for treating a fish body that can be treated under conditions with little heat denaturation to obtain fish protein in a form close to fish meat or as a solid matter, and can also separate fish bones. Surprisingly, when the degrading enzyme is directly applied to the fish body, the fish meat is surprisingly easily peeled off from the fish bones to form a slurry, and the fish bones, fish oil, partially decomposed fish proteins are filtered or centrifuged from this slurry. It was found that they can be easily separated by the means described above, and the present invention has been completed.

That is, according to the present invention, the rate of increase in soluble nitrogen after the enzyme treatment with respect to the total nitrogen in the raw material with a proteolytic enzyme after removing the fish body as it is or the internal portion and / or the epidermis portion: (However, in the formula, Nt is the weight% of total nitrogen in the raw material, Ne is the weight% of soluble nitrogen in the product after the enzyme treatment, and No is the product after the treatment under the same conditions except that no enzyme is added. The content of soluble nitrogen in the solution is 3 to 50% so as to form a slurry, and after deactivating the enzyme, at least fish bone, fish oil, or partially decomposed fish protein is extracted from the slurry. It is a method of treating a fish body, which comprises separating one species.

Examples of fish bodies that can be used as the raw material of the present invention include herring, sardine, mackerel, saury, urumei sardines, walleye pollock, flounder, anchovy, pilchard, and other fish species with high catchability, good quality fish oil, fish bones, Also, in order to obtain the partially decomposed fish protein, it is preferable to use a fish body of a multi-catch fish having good freshness.

In the present invention, the fish body may be treated with a proteolytic enzyme as it is, or may be treated with a proteolytic enzyme after removing the internal portion and / or the epidermal portion from the fish body.

Examples of the proteolytic enzyme used in the present invention include acrosin, urokinase, uropepsin, elastase, enteropeptidase, cathepsin, kallikrein, kininase 2, chymotrypsin, chymopapain, collagenase, streptokinase, subtilisin, thermolysin, trypsin, thrombin, papain, Pancreato peptidase, fiucin, plasmin, renin,
Proteinases such as leptinase, rennin, etc .; for example, aminopeptidases such as arginine aminopeptidase, oxytocinase, leucine aminopeptidase, etc., angiotensinase, angiotensin converting enzyme, insulinase, eg arginine carboxypeptidase, kininase 1, thyroid peptidase, etc. Carboxypeptidases such as carnosinases and prolinases, peptidases such as pronase; and other proteolytic enzymes, and modified products and combinations thereof. It can be divided into an exopeptidase and an endopeptidase that acts internally, and the endopeptidase is particularly preferable.

In the present invention, the above-mentioned raw material is first treated with the above-mentioned proteolytic enzyme, and the extent of the treatment is the rate of increase in soluble nitrogen after the enzyme treatment with respect to the total nitrogen in the starting raw material: (However, in the formula, Nt is the weight% of total nitrogen in the raw material, Ne is the weight% of soluble nitrogen in the product after the enzyme treatment, and No is the product after the treatment under the same conditions except that no enzyme is added. The content of soluble nitrogen in the solution is 3 to 50%, preferably 5 to 40%, and particularly preferably 5 to 30%, and the treatment with such an enzyme is, for example, 20 to 70 ° C. Preferably 30-60
It may be carried out at a temperature of about 5 minutes to 2 hours, preferably 10 minutes to 1 hour while mixing and stirring. The amount of enzyme used is usually 0.005 to 1.0% by weight based on the raw material to be treated.
Is. When the increase rate of the soluble nitrogen is less than 3%,
The peeling of the fish meat from the fish bone was not sufficient, the fish bone and fish protein did not separate well, and the separability of fish oil was poor.
If it exceeds%, the recovery of partially decomposed fish protein as a solid substance due to an increase in the soluble fraction is reduced and the separability of fish oil is deteriorated, which is not preferable.

Thus, by treating with a proteolytic enzyme, the fish body is slurried, then the fish oil from this slurry,
At least one of fish bone and partially degraded protein is separated. These can be separated using various separation means such as filtration and centrifugation. As a specific example of such a separation method, for example, (1) fish bones are separated and removed from the slurry by means such as filtration and centrifugal filtration, and then fish oil and a water-soluble component are contained by means such as centrifugation. Separated into a liquid part consisting of an aqueous phase and a solid part consisting of fish protein partially decomposed by proteolytic enzymes, and further separating the liquid part by means of stationary separation, centrifugation, etc. to fish oil and water-soluble components. (2) A fish bone is separated and removed from the slurry as described above, and then an oil phase comprising a fish oil and an aqueous phase containing a partially decomposed fish protein and a water-soluble component. And (3) a solid part containing fish bones and partially decomposed fish protein from a slurry, and an aqueous phase containing fish oil and a water-soluble component. After separating the solid part from the liquid part consisting of A method for separating fish bones and partially decomposed fish protein, and separating a liquid portion into fish oil and an aqueous phase containing a water-soluble component, (4) separating an oil phase consisting of fish oil from a slurry, and then removing the fish. A method of separating bones and, if necessary, partially decomposing fish protein, (5) separating an oil phase composed of fish oil from a slurry, and thereafter, a solid portion composed of fish bones and partially decomposed fish protein, and a water-soluble material. Separation into a liquid part consisting of an aqueous phase containing a sex component, and if necessary, a solid part into a fish bone and a partially decomposed fish protein, and the like. Fractionated fish protein and the water phase containing the remaining water-soluble components can be fractionated into four sections, and these can be obtained. Particularly, a preferable separation method is selected in relation to the target obtained material or its use. do it.

Further, in the method of the present invention, a physical treatment for finely dividing the fish bone can be performed at any stage, whereby a partially decomposed fish protein containing a large amount of fish bone calcium can be separated and obtained. it can.

〔Example〕

Example 1 Proteolytic enzyme: Protease Amano A per 1 kg of Japanese sardine
(Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) 0.3g dissolved in a small amount of water,
When the temperature is kept at 50 ° C and the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes, the fish meat gradually peels from the fish bones and the whole becomes a slurry.

The rate of increase of soluble nitrogen in this slurry was measured by the following method. Take 10 g of slurry and mix with 30 ml of water,
Add 5 ml of a% trichloroacetic acid solution, make up to 50 ml with water, and filter with filter paper (Toyo Roshi: No. 5A). After 10 ml of this filtration is decomposed with sulfuric acid by a conventional method, the amount of soluble nitrogen is measured by the Kjeldahl method to obtain soluble nitrogen (Ne). Also, 2 g of a slurry-like substance is taken and treated in the same manner after sulfuric acid decomposition to obtain total nitrogen (Nt). Furthermore, the enzyme-free raw material was kept at 50 ° C for 30 minutes, then 10 g of the raw material was added and trichloroacetic acid solution was added in the same manner, followed by filtration.
Soluble nitrogen (N
o). As a result of the above measurement, this slurry-like substance is soluble Was 24.2%.

Next, this slurry-like material is heated and kept at 75 ° C for 15 minutes to deactivate the enzyme, and then the fish bones are removed by a basket type centrifuge equipped with a 6-mesh stainless wire mesh to remove the fish bones. The resulting slurry was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes to separate into fish oil, an aqueous phase (stick water), and a partially decomposed fish protein precipitation portion, and the liquid portion was further fractionated into a fish oil and an aqueous phase with a separating funnel.

The obtained fish bones were washed with water and dried, and the partially decomposed fish protein precipitate was also dried to give a powder.

In this way, 1 kg of raw material is dried from partially decomposed fish protein 1
31 g, dried fish bone product 23 g and fish oil 149 g were separated and obtained.

The analysis values and properties are shown in the table below. As reference examples, the analytical values of fish meal and fish oil prepared by a usual method are shown.

Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that the amount of enzyme was 0.2 g and the stirring time at 50 ° C. was 20 minutes.
A slurry of 11% was obtained, and thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, 140 g of a partially decomposed fish protein dried product, 25 g of a fish bone dried product,
147 g of fish oil was separated and obtained. The analysis values and properties are shown in the table below.

[Effects of the Invention] According to the method of the present invention, a partially decomposed fish protein containing no fish bones can be separated and obtained, which is partially decomposed into a form that is easily digested and absorbed by humans and animals. In addition, since trace amounts of active ingredients such as vitamins and phospholipids in fish are contained without being altered by heat, they may be used as a source of high quality protein as they are or in a dried form, for example, feed, feed or food, pet food. It is suitable for applications such as
In addition, according to the method of the present invention, it is possible to separate and obtain a high-quality fish bone containing few other contaminants from a fish body, which is dried and crushed after a simple treatment such as washing if necessary. Thus, it can be used in various feeds, feeds, foods, pet foods, etc. as a naturally-occurring high-quality calcium source. Furthermore,
According to the method of the present invention, it is possible to separate and obtain an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble component, which contains a low-molecular-weight protein with good digestion and absorption properties and a water-soluble fish body component with high nutritional value. It can be used in feed, feed, pet food, etc. in the form of concentrated fish solubles or in the form of being adsorbed on fish meal, dried products of partially decomposed fish protein, other feeds and feed ingredients. Furthermore, according to the method of the present invention, it is possible to separate and obtain good-quality fish oil that has not been heat-denatured. Since this substance contains trace amounts of useful components in fish oil without being altered by heat, they are thermally altered. Not only can it be recovered in a non-formable form, but it can also be used as an edible oil and fat of good quality by subjecting it to ordinary purification deodorization, hydrogenation and the like.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A fish body as it is, or a visceral part or /
And, after removing the epidermis part, the rate of increase in soluble nitrogen after enzyme treatment with respect to total nitrogen in the raw material by proteolytic enzyme: (However, in the formula, Nt is the weight% of total nitrogen in the raw material, Ne is the weight% of soluble nitrogen in the product after the enzyme treatment, and No is the product after the treatment under the same conditions except that no enzyme is added. The content of soluble nitrogen in the solution is 3 to 50% so as to form a slurry, and after deactivating the enzyme, at least fish bone, fish oil, or partially decomposed fish protein is extracted from the slurry. A method for treating a fish body, which comprises separating one species.