JPH06104205B2 - Vertical crusher - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention, by cooperation of a rotary table and a crushing roller,
The present invention relates to a vertical crusher for crushing cement raw materials, coal, chemicals, etc.

[Prior Art] As a kind of pulverizer for finely pulverizing fluid such as cement raw material, coal, and chemicals into powder, a vertical pulverizer equipped with a rotary table and a pulverizing roller is widely used. This type of crusher is a disk-shaped rotary table that is driven by a motor with a speed reducer and rotates at a low speed in the lower part of a cylindrical casing, and is pressed by hydraulic pressure or the like to a portion that equally divides the outer peripheral portion of the upper surface in the circumferential direction. And a plurality of rollers that are driven to rotate.

For example, in FIG. 7 showing a conventional vertical crusher, the crusher generally indicated by reference numeral 1 is formed as a single tower in appearance, and its base is rotated by an electric motor (motor) 2 and a speed reducer 17. The rotary table 3 is arranged. A plurality of conical grinding rollers 4 are arranged so as to rotate in sliding contact with the rotary table 3, and the grinding rollers 4 are rotatably supported by a support arm 5. The support arm 5 is fixed to a support shaft 6 which is rotatably supported on the crusher side. One end of a rotary arm 7 is further fixed to the support shaft 6, and the rotary arm 7 extends downward through a side of a casing 8 surrounding the rotary table 3 to face a lower space of the crusher. There is. The lower end of the rotating arm 7 is rotatably supported by the tip of a rod 10 of a pressure cylinder 9 whose lower end is rotatably supported by the base of the crusher 1.

Then, a supply pipe (not shown) to the center of the rotary table 3
The fluid as the raw material supplied in step 1 is crushed by being caught between the roller 4 and the rotary table 3 which are driven by the rotation of the table. On the other hand, hot air is introduced into the casing 8 by a duct (not shown), and the hot air is blown up from the annular space portion 14 between the outer peripheral surface of the rotary table 3 and the inner peripheral surface of the casing 8. The fine powder rises in the crusher 1 while being dried, and is discharged from the discharge pipe 16 as a mixture with the hot air and sent to the next step.

Although some coarse particles rise in the crusher 1, they are classified by the rotary blades 15 of the upper separator and returned to the rotary table 3.

And, one of the types widely used as the structure of this separator is a rotary separator, the rotary shaft 13 is provided in the classifying unit, a plurality of rotary vanes 15 are fixed to the rotary shaft 13 at an equal pitch, It is rotated at an arbitrary speed with the shaft.

FIG. 8 is a horizontal sectional view showing a schematic arrangement of the blades 15 of the rotary separator. The blades 15 have a substantially L-shaped sectional shape, and the L-shaped bent portion is on the inside of the separator. It is annularly and radially arranged.

By rotating the blades 15 together with the rotating shaft 13, the fine particles are separated from the air flow passing between the blades 15 and flowing into the separator. The principle of this classification will be outlined with reference to FIG. .

In FIG. 9, when the rotary blade rotates counterclockwise at a constant rotation speed (rotational speed V), particles flowing in from any one point P of the arc CD formed by the outer diameter end of the rotary blade, While receiving a combined force such as the resistance force (inward flow) and centrifugal force (outward flow) due to the inflowing air flow and the influence of the air layer between adjacent rotating blades that rotate, drawing an arbitrary trajectory according to the particle size Head inside the separator. That is, fine powder with a small particle size draws a locus a ₁ and passes between A and E, and intermediate powder A to B
The locus a ₃ between them and the coarse powder draw the locus a ₅ between B and C and reach the inner wall of the rotary blade 15.

The particles abutting between B and C lose their kinetic energy, and then are discharged outward in the radial direction along B and C by the action of centrifugal force.

On the other hand, among the intermediate particles reaching between A and B, the particles that move outward due to centrifugal force escape to the outside of the separator along the BC wall in the same manner as the particles contacting between B and C above. But,
Between A and B, the inward force due to the air flow is balanced with the centrifugal force, or in the case of particles whose inward force exceeds the centrifugal force, they fall along A and B and are returned below the separator.

Thus, as shown in FIG. 7, the conventional rotary separator has a shape configuration in which the diameter increases as it goes upward. In this case, since each rotary blade rotates integrally, the rotational peripheral speed of the rotary blade becomes higher as it goes upward. Further, since the airflow rising in the casing sequentially passes between the rotary blades from the lower part of the separator, the residual airflow passes between the rotary blades toward the upper side of the separator. In other words, this air flow passage amount is not so small as above the separator, and therefore the flow velocity of the air flow is also below the separator.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In the rotary separator configured as described above, the inflow amount of the dust-containing airflow passing between the rotating blades,
Even if the inflow velocity, particle size distribution, and rotation speed of the separator are constant and do not change, the gradient of the classification points of the classification performance characteristic curve is gentle as shown in FIG. 5, and the classification accuracy, in other words, the classification It's not too rusty. That is, a large amount of coarse powder is mixed in the fine powder, and a large amount of fine powder is mixed in the returned powder.

On the other hand, as shown in Fig. 6, there is a case where it is desired to obtain a product with a sharp particle size distribution with a sharp classification accuracy by using the same crusher. As long as the angle formed with the axis (hereinafter referred to as “blade angle θ”) is fixed, the particle size distribution as shown in FIG. 6 cannot be obtained.

The horizontal axis of FIGS. 5 and 6 is the particle diameter D, and the vertical axis is the distribution ratio (partial classification efficiency) Z _R , which shows the ratio of the amount of returned powder to that of powder for a certain particle diameter D. Is.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention uses the particle size distribution of products in the same crusher,
Moreover, it was designed to be changed as needed during operation.As a means for that, an opening for carrying out an air flow of the refined powder was provided at the top of the casing, and a separator was installed in the upper part of this casing. This separator is a rotary separator provided with a rotary shaft installed in the vertical direction, and a rotary vane supported by the rotary shaft and annularly and radially arranged around the rotary shaft. In the vertical pulverizer provided, the rotating shaft is a double pipe in which the outer pipe can move forward and backward in the axial direction with respect to the inner pipe, and the lower part of the rotary blade is pin-joined to a support fixed to the inner pipe. And a beam that is pin-joined to the upper portion of the rotary vane and the outer pipe, a bearing for supporting the inner pipe load and a mount for bearing support are provided on the upper portion of the inner pipe, and the upper end of the outer pipe. Hydraulic pressure through the bearing on the underside of the flange A cylinder is connected, and a hydraulic cylinder is connected between the upper surface of the upper end flange of the outer tube and the lower surface of the top of the gantry via a bearing so as to have axial movement means for the outer tube.

[Operation] In the rotary separator, the increase of the rotation speed of the separator and the decrease of the airflow velocity when passing between the blades of the separator are factors for reducing the classification point (particle diameter). Acts as. On the other hand, the decrease in the peripheral speed of rotation of the separator and the increase in the airflow velocity act as factors for increasing the diameter of the classification point.

In the conventional vertical crusher, however, the rotary separator has a shape configuration that expands upward as shown in FIG. In such a rotary separator, the diameter of the classification point is rapidly shifted toward the smaller diameter side as the upper part of the rotary separator increases and the factor of reducing the diameter of the classification point due to the decrease in the air flow velocity increases synergistically. On the contrary, the classification point is on the large diameter side below the separator, and the classification point is on the smaller diameter side toward the top.

Therefore, when viewed as the whole separator, the classification points are distributed over a wide range, and only the product having the particle size distribution shown in FIG. 5 is obtained.

On the other hand, when it is desired to obtain a product having the particle size distribution shown in FIG. 6, the diameter of the upper part of the rotary blade is made smaller than that of the lower part, and the peripheral speed of rotation is made smaller as the upper part of the rotary vane is increased. The sizing factor cancels out the sizing factor reducing factor due to the reduction of the air flow velocity, so that the sizing points are made to substantially coincide with each other at any position above and below the rotary blade, thereby achieving a sharp sizing.

That is, when it is desired to obtain a product having sharp classification characteristics as shown in FIG. 6, the rod of the hydraulic cylinder is moved forward to raise the outer pipe upward with respect to the inner pipe of the rotary shaft to raise the rotary vane above the rotary vane. Diameter is smaller than the diameter below.

[Examples] Examples will be described below with reference to the drawings.

1 to 4 show an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of a rotary separator, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a state of rotary blades of the separator, each of which (a) ) Shows a state where the blade angle θ ₁ is positive (the upper portion of the blade has a large diameter), (b) shows a state where the blade angle θ ₂ = 0, and (c) shows a state where the blade angle θ ₃ is negative (the upper portion of the blade has a small diameter). Show. FIG. 3 is a plan view taken along the line III-III in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of the main part of the bearing portion of the separator.

In the figure, 20 is a center chute for crushing supply,
Double pipes, that is, an inner pipe 13a and an outer pipe 13b are arranged concentrically around this, and each constitutes a rotary shaft 13 of the separator. Then, a plurality of cross sections L arranged at equal intervals around the circumference
The rotary blade 15 in the shape of a letter is pin-joined to the support 13c projecting from the inner tube 13a at its lower end through a pin 13e.
In the upper part of 15, the outer tube 13b and the rotary blade 15 are connected by a beam 13d whose both ends are joined by pins 13e and 13e.

As shown in FIG. 3, the inner pipe 13a and the outer pipe 13b are slidably movable in the vertical direction by the fitting of the projection 13f provided on the inner pipe 13a and the groove 13g provided on the outer pipe 13b, and are integrally formed. And can be rotated. The outer tube 13b is a bearing 2 housed in a bearing housing 18a provided on the separator casing 18.
The bearing is supported by the bearing 1a and the bearing 21b, and is kept airtight by the air seal 22. As the bearings 21a and 21b, those in which a rotating shaft fitted in the bearing is slidable in the axial direction are adopted. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 4, the inner surface of the bearing housing inside the inner races of the bearings 21a and 21b may be embedded with spheres or cylinders.

On the other hand, the inner pipe 13a is supported by a thrust bearing 23 provided at the center of the uppermost flat plate 24a of a pedestal 24 that is vertically fixed on the casing 18 at the upper portion. Then, a chain wheel 40 is fitted on the uppermost end of the inner pipe 13a, and is driven by the chain via the chain wheel attached to the rotary shaft of the variable speed electric motor.

A thrust bearing 23b is provided on the lower surface of the flange provided at the uppermost end of the outer pipe 13b.
The lower fixed disk 25b is pin-joined to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 27b which is vertically fixed on the bearing housing 18a and the pin 28b on the lower surface thereof.

Similarly, the thrust bearing 23 is also attached to the upper surface of the flange.
A fixed disk 25a is disposed via a, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 27a that is vertically erected on the upper surface of the fixed disk 25a is pin-joined to the lower surface of the top flat plate 24a of the pedestal 24 by the pin 28a. .

Then, in order to prevent the rotation of the upper and lower fixed discs 25a, 25b, a rotation preventing rod 26 is erected so as to slide through the fixed discs 25a, 25b.

As described above, the pair of hydraulic cylinders 27a, 27b,
The thrust bearings 23a and 23b, the rotating discs 25a and 25b, the rotation preventing rod 26, and the like constitute the axial forward / backward moving means of the outer tube 13b.

The operation of the separator section configured as described above will be described. From the state of FIG. 2 (a), as shown in FIG. 2 (b) or FIG. 3 (c), the rotary blade 15 and the axial direction (vertical Direction) to change the angle with
Is required to be raised, and for that purpose, when the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 27b is moved forward and at the same time the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 27a is moved backward, the outer pipe 13b is raised.

On the contrary, in order to change the state of FIG. 2 (c) to the state of FIG. 2 (a), the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 27b may be retracted and the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 27a may be advanced at the same time.

These operations may be performed while the separator is not operating, but may be performed during the operation. In addition,
In order to synchronously move up and down a plurality of hydraulic cylinders arranged around the circumference, and to move the rods of the upper and lower hydraulic cylinders in synchronization, the specifications of the hydraulic cylinders should all be the same. It is necessary to consider the pipe resistance from the hydraulic unit to each hydraulic cylinder and equalize the pipe length.
Therefore, it is desirable to dispose the hydraulic unit (not shown) on the machine side.

FIG. 2 shows a situation in which the angles (blade angles θ ₁ , θ ₂ , θ ₃ ) formed by the rotary blades of the separator with respect to the rotation axis are changed by adjusting these hydraulic cylinders. Is doing.

The overall structure of the vertical crusher incorporating the separator described above is the same as that shown in FIG. 7, and the description thereof is omitted.

The classification function of the separator of the present invention configured as above will be described.

First, the operation in the case of FIG. 2 (c) in which the diameter of the rotary separator becomes smaller as it goes up will be described.

In this case, as described above, the peripheral speed of rotation becomes smaller as it goes above the separator, which acts as a factor for increasing the diameter of the classification point. Further, the flow velocity of the air flow passing between the rotary vanes becomes smaller as it goes upward, which acts as a factor for reducing the diameter of the classification point. In the present invention, these contradictory effects cancel each other out, so that even when reaching the upper side, the classification point is almost the same as the lower part of the separator, and sharp classification is performed as the whole separator.

Next, pockets 15 provided on the upper and lower edges of the rotary blade
The action of a and 15c will be described with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 10, the particles P flowing in between the rotary blades 15 of the separator and the adjacent rotary blades 15 at a predetermined speed are generated due to the inward force of the inward air flow and the rotation of the gas sandwiched by the rotary blades. It receives an apparent force that rotates in the opposite direction in the circumferential direction due to the centrifugal force and the rotation of the rotating blades. And the
In FIG. 10, a particle having an arbitrary particle size passing through the point P draws a locus like b ₁ , b ₂ , b ₃ according to the particle size. That is, the fine powder b ₁ passes through the separator, the coarse powder hits the rotary blades like b ₂ and b ₃ , and then reaches the pocket 15a at the inner diameter end of the rotary blades and the pocket 15c at the outer diameter portion, After that, it slides down or falls freely by its own weight and is returned to the rotary table. Thus, when the pockets 15a and 15c are provided in this manner, the particles contained in the pockets are prevented from being re-scattered by being swirled by the air flow, and a sharp classification curve can be obtained. is there.

Incidentally, in the rotary blade having a simple L-shaped cross-section shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the particle group falling along the line between A and B is
It is constantly exposed to the inward airflow and is easy to re-spray. Also, the particles returned to the outside of the separator from between BC,
It can be conveyed again by air flow and flow into the separator.

Due to the above phenomenon, particles that should be classified on the coarse powder side are mixed on the refined powder side, so that the classification characteristics shown in FIG. 5 are exhibited, and the gradient in the vicinity of the classification point is gentle and the classification accuracy (classification is performed). ) Is reduced.

On the other hand, in the present embodiment, pockets 15a and 15c are provided on one or both edges of the rotary blade, and the coarse powder that reaches the rotary blade is captured in the pockets 15a and 15c and reliably crushed. Since it is sent back to the machine, the rotating blade 15 and pockets 15a and 15
It is better to provide c.

That is, among the particles starting from the point P in FIG. 10, the fine powder traces a locus b ₁ toward the fine powder side, and particles having a particle size larger than that trace the locus.
After contacting the rotating blade through b ₂ or b _3, etc.,
Sliding down 15a, corner B, pocket 15c, etc. to return powder. Further, there is no re-scattering during the fall, and a sharper classification is performed.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, the angle between the rotary blade and the rotary shaft is arbitrarily changed by using the rotary shaft of the separator as a double pipe and moving the outer cylinder up and down with respect to the inner pipe. Since it is possible, it is possible to arbitrarily obtain products with different classification accuracy, that is, products with different particle size distributions, with the same crusher. Moreover, since the rotary vane angle can be changed by remote control while the crusher and the separator are in operation, it is easy to change the product fineness distribution.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a separator showing an embodiment according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a state of rotary blades, FIG. 3 is a plan sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG. The figure is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of the main part of the bearing portion of the separator, and FIGS. 5 and 6 are diagrams showing the classification characteristics of the refined powder. Each of FIGS. 7 to 9 relates to a conventional example. FIG. 7 is a schematic vertical sectional view, FIG. 8 is a sectional view, and FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. Also,
FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the classification action. 3 ... rotary table, 4 ... grinding roller, 13 ... rotating shaft, 13a ... inner tube, 13b ... outer tube, 13c ... support, 13d
...... Beam, 13e ...... Pin, 18 …… Separator casing, 20 …… Center chute, 21a, 21b …… Bearing, 23…
… Thrust bearing, 23a, 23b …… Thrust bearing, 24 …… Stand, 25a, 25b… Fixed disk, 26 …… Anti-rotation rod, 27
a, 27b …… hydraulic cylinder, 28a, 28b …… pin, 40 …… chain foil, a ₁ , a ₂ , a ₃ , a ₄ , a ₅ , b ₁ , b ₂ , b ₃ ... particle trajectory,
P ... particle incident position, θ, θ ₁ , θ ₂ , θ ₃ ... blade angle.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A casing is provided with an opening for carrying out an air flow of refined powder, and a separator is installed in an upper part of the casing. The separator has a rotating shaft installed in a vertical direction and the rotating shaft. A vertical crusher equipped with a rotary separator, which is supported by a shaft and has a rotating blade radially and annularly arranged around the rotary shaft, wherein the rotary shaft is outside the inner pipe. A beam in which the tube is a double tube that can move back and forth in the axial direction, the lower part of the rotary vane is pin-joined to a support fixed to the inner pipe, and the upper part of the rotary vane and the outer pipe are respectively pin-joined. A bearing for supporting the load of the inner pipe and a pedestal for bearing support are provided on the upper part of the inner pipe, and a hydraulic cylinder is connected to the lower surface of the upper end flange of the outer pipe via a bearing, and The upper surface of the upper flange of the pipe and the lower surface of the top of the pedestal Vertical crusher having an axial reciprocating motion means of the outer tube connecting the hydraulic cylinder via a bearing between the.